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Abstract Mental health literacy is vital for well-being in educational settings, extending beyond academics to include social and emotional development. It empowers individuals, allowing them to recognize and address their mental health needs and provide essential support to their peers. Despite the acknowledged importance of modifiable factors, there is a noticeable research gap in those amenable to change through educational interventions. Thus, this systematic review aims to identify potentially modifiable predictors of mental health literacy in the educational context. A systematic search was conducted for quantitative studies published between 2019 and October 2023 using several databases following PRISMA guidelines. Studies needed to focus on potentially modifiable predictors of mental health literacy in the educational context. Study quality was assessed using the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS tool). In total, 3747 titles and abstracts were screened, 60 articles were assessed in full-text screening, and 21 were included in the review. Significant correlations between mental health literacy and modifiable predictors, including stigma toward professional help, self-efficacy, attitudes toward help-seeking, social support, positive psychological states, receiving mental health training, and psychological distress, were identified. By addressing these factors, educational institutions can cultivate community’s adept in mental health, fostering an environment marked by empathy, understanding, and proactive engagement in addressing mental health issues. The implications serve as a foundation for future research, policy development, and implementing of practical strategies to enhance mental health literacy in diverse educational settings.

Abstract Background There is minimal data of health outcomes for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in Southeast Asia (SEA) where government funding of insulin and blood glucose monitoring either do not exist or is limited. The full impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the national economies of SEA remain unknown. In the midst of the pandemic, in 2021, HelloType1 was developed by Action4Diabetes (A4D), a non-government organisation charity in collaboration with Southeast Asia local healthcare professionals as an innovative digital educational resource platform of T1D in local languages. HelloType1 was launched in Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia in 2021 to 2022 with Memorandums of Understandings (MOUs) signed between A4D and each country. Internet data analytics were undertaken between the 1st of January 2022 to 31st of December 2022. Aims The aims of this study were to explore the usability and internet data analytics of the HelloType1 online educational platform within each country. Methods The data analytics were extracted Google analytics that tracks data from the website hellotype1.com and Facebook analytics associated with the website. Results There was a 147% increase in the number of HelloType1 users between the first 6 months versus the latter 6 months in 2022 and a 15% increase in the number of pages visited were noted. The majority of traffic source were coming from organic searches with a significant increase of 80% growth in 2022. Conclusions The results of the analytics provide important insights on how an innovative diabetes digital educational resource in local languages may be optimally delivered in low-middle income countries with limited resources.

This article uses data from the second-generation Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC-2) satellites (wetPf2) to study the temperature and humidity properties of the air masses over Paracel and Spratly Islands in the Vietnam East Sea (South China Sea). The satellite observational data were validated with the radiosonde data from three stations in Vietnam: Hanoi, Danang, and Ho Chi Minh City. Subsequently, the wetPf2 data are used to analyze the characteristics of temperature and relative humidity variations of the air masses over the Paracel and Spratly regions. Results show that the mean error of the satellite observational data for temperature ranges from −0.06°C to −0.02°C, with standard deviations ranging from 0.73°C to 1.04°C. The mean error of relative humidity fluctuates between 11.6% and 12.5%, with standard deviations ranging from 15.1% to 19.1%. The values are reasonable and comparable to those in previous studies. Seasonal variations of temperature and humidity show that the air mass over the Paracel Islands exhibits a larger annual temperature with an annual variation of approximately 5.0°C, significantly higher than the value of 2.2°C in the air mass over the Spratly Islands. The difference may be due to the greater influence of continental and seasonal wind systems in the northern region. Within both air masses, the annual temperature variation in the boundary layer is much larger than that in the free atmosphere. Annual relative humidity variation is higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring. The significant changes in the relative humidity with height during winter and no significant change of the relative humidity with height during summer may be related to the important role of strong convective activity carrying moist air upward to higher atmospheric levels during the summer time.

This paper investigates the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) models available in MATLAB Regression Learner app and MATLAB App Designer, both low-code applications, for accurately predicting punching shear strength (PSS) in reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. A database of 379 RC slab samples without transverse reinforcement was compiled from renowned publications. RandomSearch and Bayesian optimisation were employed for tuning hyperparameters. The performance of these models was compared with six empirical models, which included three current design codes, three equations from other researchers, and 227 finite-element simulations conducted by the authors. The ML models and finite-element method (FEM) demonstrated superior performance compared with the literature and practical codes. Furthermore, the results emphasised the exceptional performance of the Gaussian process regression (GPR) with optimised hyperparameters, exhibiting the best performance in validation, training, and testing datasets with R2 values of 0.95, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively. A user-friendly standalone application was developed, providing real-time predictions of the PSS using the two best-developed ML models, GPR and support vector machine (SVM), as well as six empirical models from the literature. This tool offers users flexibility in choosing the most appropriate model for their specific needs, delivering reliable, and accurate results for estimating the PSS of RC slabs.

The T-cell receptor excision circle (TREC) assay detects T-cell lymphopenia (TCL) in newborns and is especially important to identify severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). A spectrum of SCID variants and non-SCID conditions that present with TCL are being discovered with increasing frequency by newborn screening (NBS). Recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency is one the most common causes of classical and atypical SCID and other conditions with immune dysregulation. We present the case of an asymptomatic male with undetectable TRECs on NBS at 1 week of age. The asymptomatic newborn was found to have severe TCL, but normal B cell quantities and lymphocyte proliferation upon mitogen stimulation. Next generation sequencing revealed compound heterozygous hypomorphic RAG variants, one of which was novel. The moderately decreased recombinase activity of the RAG variants (16 and 40%) resulted in abnormal T and B-cell receptor repertoires, decreased fraction of CD3+ TCRVα7.2+ T cells and an immune phenotype consistent with the RAG hypomorphic variants. The patient underwent successful treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 5 months of age. This case illustrates how after identification of a novel RAG variant, in vitro studies are important to confirm the pathogenicity of the variant. This confirmation allows the clinician to expedite definitive treatment with HSCT in an asymptomatic phase, mitigating the risk of serious infectious and non-infectious complications.

Both dietary oleic acid and plant sterols are known to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. We have produced phytosteryl oleates through enzymatic reactions. Cardiovascular benefits of phytosteryl oleates were investigated in apolipoprotein E knockout (apo E-KO) mice over 7 weeks at an oral dose of 2% (w/w). The mice treated with phytosteryl oleates had significantly lower very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations as compared to the control group. The treated group also had significantly higher levels of cholesterol, campesterol and sitosterol in faecal materials as compared to the control group. These changes were accompanied by significant reductions in the volume of atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic roots. Furthermore, histological and biochemical analysis of hepatic tissues showed comparable data between the 2 groups of mice. This plus comparable body weight gain suggest a higher degree of safety and tolerability for phytosteryl oleates over 7 weeks of experimentation in this animal model. The data so obtained suggest a strong anti-atherogenic activity for phytosteryl oleates in apo E-KO mice. Additional studies are needed to confirm such effects over a longer period of time in this and other relevant animal models.

BACKGROUND:The results from cross sectional and longitudinal studies show that periodontitis is closely associated with cognitive impairment (CI) and Alzhemer's Disease (AD). Further, studies using animal model of periodontitis and human post-mortem brain tissues from subjects with AD strongly suggest that a gram-negative periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and/or its product gingipain is/are translocated to the brain. However, neuropathology resulting from Pg oral application is not known. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that repeated exposure of wild type C57BL/6 mice to orally administered Pg results in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, microgliosis, astrogliosis and formation of intra- and extracellular amyloid plaque and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are pathognomonic signs of AD. METHODS:Experimental chronic periodontitis was induced in ten wild type 8-week old C57BL/6 WT mice by repeated oral application (MWF/week) of Pg/gingipain for 22 weeks (experimental group). Another 10 wild type 8-week old C57BL/6 mice received vehicle alone (control group) MWF per week for 22 weeks. Brain tissues were collected and the presence of Pg/gingipain was determined by immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy, confocal microscopy, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The hippocampi were examined for the signs of neuropathology related to AD: TNFα, IL1β, and IL6 expression (neuroinflammation), NeuN and Fluoro Jade C staining (neurodegeneration) and amyloid beta1-42 (Aβ42) production and phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser396 were assessed by IF and confocal microscopy. Further, gene expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein10 (ADAM10) for α-secretase and presenilin1 (PSEN1) for ɣ-secretase, and NeuN (rbFox3) were determined by RT-qPCR. Microgliosis and astrogliosis were also determined by IF microscopy. RESULTS:Pg/gingipain was detected in the hippocampi of mice in the experimental group by immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and qPCR confirming the translocation of orally applied Pg to the brain. Pg/gingipain was localized intra-nuclearly and peri-nuclearly in microglia (Iba1+), astrocytes (GFAP+), neurons (NeuN+) and was evident extracellularly. Significantly greater levels of expression of IL6, TNFα and IL1β were evident in experimental as compared to control group (p