Search

Motsamai Khumalo,1 Tristan Leonard,1 Juan Scribante,2 Helen Perrie1 1Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; 2Surgeons for Little Lives and Department of Pediatric Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaCorrespondence: Motsamai Khumalo, Tel +27 82 407 6418, Email rachelkhumalo2008@gmail.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to describe the trajectory of emergency caesarean deliveries for foetal distress at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH).Patients and Methods: A retrospective, contextual, descriptive study, using consecutive convenience sampling was done reviewing all the records of emergency caesarean deliveries for foetal distress at CHBAH in February 2019 until a minimum sample size of 385 was reached.Results: During the study period, a total of 617 caesarean deliveries were done, of which 572 (92.7%) were emergencies. Foetal distress accounted for 395 (69.1%) of the emergency caesarean deliveries. No emergency caesarean delivery for foetal distress conformed to the 30-minute DDI and the mean (SD) DDI was 411 (291) minutes. The mean (SD) 5-minute and 10-minute Apgar scores were 8.4 (1.6) and 9.6 (1.3), respectively. There was a significant difference between the type of anaesthetic (general or neuraxial), with those receiving general anaesthesia having shorter anaesthetic start to cut time (p=0.0110). However, those delivered following neuraxial anaesthesia had better 5-minute (p=0.0002) and 10-minute (p=0.0175) Apgar scores.Conclusion: This study showed that a DDI of 30-minutes, was not achieved at CHBAH during the study period. Most babies diagnosed with foetal distress pre-delivery had 5-minute and 10-minute Apgar scores inconsistent with this diagnosis. This over-diagnosis of foetal distress in some cases could have led to delays in delivery of babies who had actual foetal distress and where a 30-minute DDI could have improved outcome.Keywords: decision to delivery time interval, foetal distress, emergency caesarean delivery

AbstractThis work inspects entropy generation and heat transfer induced by a bioconvection slip flow of nonlinear radiative Carreau-Yasuda hybrid nanofluid (NF) over a convectively heated sphere. Activation energy for microbes is contemplated in order to comprehend its contribution toward flow features. The original partial differential equations (PDEs) are rendered non-dimensional through appropriate conversions, and the resulting PDEs are solved using the overlapping grid spectral collocation algorithm. The impact of diverse flow factors on flow profiles, entropy generation, skin friction, heat, mass, and motile microbes transport rates is analyzed. Key outcomes reveal that hybrid NF flow demonstrates a supplementary indispensable feature in the operation of heat transport compared to mono NF flow. More entropy is generated in the system by using the hybrid NF model along with magnetic field, heat source, convective heating, nonlinear radiation, and viscous dissipation. Thermal fields and rate of heat transport are improved by including nonlinear radiative heat flux in the system. Mass and motile microbes transport rates are respectively enhanced by chemical and microbial reactions, but both quantities are reduced by activation energy. The effects of microbial reactions on flow quantities substantiate the significance of these features for the dynamics of microorganisms. The findings of this study can be useful in the upsurge of thermal performance of the working fluid and contribute toward the improvement of microbial fuel cell performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of the economy has occasioned a shift in consumption patterns in the South African luxury markets. This study aims to investigate the purchasing behaviour of emerging market consumers as regards luxury clothing. A survey was conducted and data was collected online from 300 emerging market consumers in SA by means of a survey questionnaire. The results of the study demonstrated that status, quality, and materialism all influence the purchase intention of emerging market consumers as regards luxury clothing. Status had the strongest effect on purchase intention for luxury clothing, followed by quality and materialism. Consumer intention to purchase luxury products was found to influence such consumers’ purchase behaviour. This study is significant for retail stores in South Africa selling luxury clothing, as well as those intending to enter the SA luxury clothing market. The study findings shed light on factors influencing purchase behaviour by emerging market consumers as regards to luxury clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a new method of solving partial differential equations. The method is an improvement of the previously reported compact finite difference quasilinearization method (CFDQLM) which is a combination of compact finite difference schemes and quasilinearization techniques. Previous applications of compact finite difference (FD) schemes when solving parabolic partial differential equations has been solely on discretizing the spatial variables and another numerical technique used to discretize temporal variables. In this work we attempt, for the first time, to use the compact FD schemes in both space and time. This ensures that the rich benefits of the compact FD schemes are carried over to the time variable as well, which improves the overall accuracy of the method. The proposed method is tested on four nonlinear evolution equations. The method produced highly accurate results which are portrayed in tables and graphs.

The article focuses on the challenges of diagnosing and managing porphyrias, rare inherited metabolic disorders with nonspecific symptoms, particularly highlighting the perioperative anaesthetic challenges. Topics include the pathophysiology of porphyrias, their classifications and presentations, and the implications for anaesthetic management, emphasizing the need for a high index of suspicion and careful consideration of anaesthetic drugs to avoid triggering acute porphyric crises.

The significance of hybrid nanofluids in controlling heat transmission cannot be overemphasized. Therefore, this article scrutinizes the electromagnetized flow of Carreau hybrid nanofluid towards a stretching surface in a Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium with the occurrence of slip conditions. To form the hybrid nanofluid, the amalgamation of silver and alumina nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in water as conventional fluid is assumed. For accurate interception of the rate of heat and mass transport, thermal conductivity and mass diffusion conductance are presumed to be temperature variants. The modeling system of partial differential equations has been translated into a nondimensional form by means of suitable similarity conversions. Then, the subsequent system of ordinary differential equations is handled using overlapping domain decomposition spectral local linearization method to acquire numerical solutions. The choice of the method has been justified through the provision of errors, condition numbers, and computation time. The behavior of distinct fluid parameters on the flow features, quantities of engineering curiosity, and entropy is analyzed. Findings of paramount importance constitute that the superior thermal conductivity, heat transfer efficiency, and low production cost can be achieved through the hybridization of silver and alumina NPs. The role of thermal radiation and temperature‐variant thermal conductivity is to enhance the thermal transport performance of Carreau hybrid nanofluids. The velocity, energy, and mass profiles grow with the utilization of injection effects. The principal aspiration of the second law of thermodynamics (minimizing the rate of entropy generation) can be achieved by considering shear‐thinning Carreau fluid while reducing the porosity parameter and Brinkman number in the existence of velocity slip conditions in the flow system. Outcomes of the current flow model can play a significant role in biomedical, technological, and various manufacturing processes. The approximation of entropy contributes towards power engineering and aeronautical propulsion to anticipate the smartness of the overall system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The open business model is the integration of open innovation with a business model. It is an important bridging construct between innovation and organisational performance in public and private organisation environments. The open business model is characterised by consistent change in the pursuit of competitiveness. Organisations' inability to navigate environmental changes and challenges successfully, or their complacency about doing so, are major issues that have proved costly or lifethreatening for many firms. Organisations constantly face two issues: competitiveness, and changes in the business environment. The literature points to numerous contentions about the open business model construct, about which the professional and academic fraternities have not yet reached a conclusion. Interestingly, there is near-homogeneity in the findings that business models are naturally stable and that, therefore, the open business model requires conscious effort and ingenuity to adopt. The open business model is a rising construct of public and private organisation environments, arousing interest and raising a plethora of questions from multiple groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the problem of unsteady nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet subject to couple stress effects is presented. Most previous studies have assumed that the nanoparticle volume fraction at the boundary surface may be actively controlled. However, a realistic boundary condition for the nanoparticle volume fraction model is that the nanoparticle flux at the boundary be set to zero. This paper differs from previous studies in that we assume there is no active control of the nanoparticle volume fraction at boundary. The spectral relaxation method has been used to solve the governing equations, moreover the results were further confirmed by using the quasi-linearization method. The qualitative and quantitative effects of the dimensionless parameters in the problem such as the couple stress parameter, the Prandtl number, the Brownian motion parameter, the thermophoresis parameter, the Lewis number on the fluid behavior are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 79 chickens were randomly collected from 4 rural localities and processed to detect the presence of helminth parasites and their prevalences. Sixteen helminth species comprising 12 nematode and 4 cestode species were recorded from the 4 localities. Syngamus trachea and Cyathostomn spp. were the only helminth species recovered from the respiratory tract and the rest of the helminth species were from the gastrointestinal tract. The most prevalent nematode species across the 4 localities were Heterakis gallinarum (prevalence range 80-94.4 %), Gongylonema ingluvicola (43.3-86.7 %), Tetraineres americana (53.3-66.7 %) and Ascaridia galli (22.2-43.8 %) and for cestode species, Raillietina tetragona (16.7-40 %) and Skrijabinia cesticillus (3.3-13.3 %) were the most prevalent in that order. Heterakis gallinarum and T americana had the highest intensity of infection in chickens across all the rural areas compared with other helminth species. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) observed in the sex distribution for As. galli, Baruscapillaria obsignata (syn. Capillaria obsignata), Eucoleus annulatus (syn. Capillaria annulata), Eucoleus contortus (syn. Capillaria contorta) and Subulura suctoria among the 4 rural areas. However, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed in the intensity of infection of both males and females for H. gallinarum and T. americana across the 4 localities studied. Tetrameres americana, A. galli, C. obsignata and C. annulata had prevalence and number of females higher than that of males, while H. gallinarum showed the opposite. Prevalence of H. gallinarum and T americana as determined by faecal egg count were much lower compared with the prevalence as determined by post mortem examination, confirming the limitation of using faecal samples in determining the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites in chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant-mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is a growing area of interest in the fields of green synthesis and nanotechnology. The present work studied the synthesis of nano-gold particles using Tetradenia riparia flower, leaf and stem extracts derived using methanol and water. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. UV peaks for nano-gold synthesized from methanol and aqueous extracts were observed at 535 nm and 540 nm, respectively. SEM analysis revealed monodispersed spherical nano-gold particles in the diameter range of 10-35 nm. The presence of elemental gold in the nanoparticles was confirmed by EDX. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of terpenoids and pyrones which were responsible for reducing, capping and stabilizing of the nano-gold particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]