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It is still unknown which correlates of physical activity behaviour (PAB) may be effective and how they may influence PAB in UK children. The objective of the current study was to generate a conceptual analysis of the correlates of PAB in UK children (5–12 years) using the input of researchers in the field of physical activity (PA experts; PAE) and other fields (non-PA experts; non-PAE). A concept mapping approach was used to identify potential (new) correlates of PAB in children, assess their importance based on rating of potential modifiability and effect, and generate a concept map depicting the associations between them. In the first (brainstorming) stage (n = 32 experts) yielded 93 correlates, including 14 new correlates not identified in previous reviews. In the second (rating and sorting) stage (n = 26 experts), 32 correlates were rated as important and a four-cluster concept map was generated including themes related to Society/community, Home/social setting, Personal/social setting and Psychological/emotional correlates. Two additional concept maps were generated for PAE and non-PAE. From expert opinion, we identified new correlates of PAB that warrant further research and we highlight the need to consider the interaction between intrapersonal and external correlates when designing interventions to promote PA in UK children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (HRSV) was major cause of viral of lower respiratory tract infection among infants and young children less 2 years old. RSV was an enveloped virus with negative sense, single Stranded RNA, belonging to the family of pneumoviridae and genes Orthopneumovirus. Multiple methods were used for the laboratory diagnosis of HRSV infection, included enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ELISA and Real Time PCR technique for detection HRSV – antibodies and HRSV –RNA. This study was aimed to compare the efficiency of two diagnostic methods in detection of HRSV in infant and young children. This study included 144 samples of children suffering from respiratory infection and was divided into 84 blood samples with percentage of 58.33% to detect the seropositiveness of IgM, IgG Via the ELISA test, 40 swabs from the nasopharyngeal to detect the viral gene, with percentage 27.77% by using RT-PCR technique, and 10 control. Results of current study showed HRSV was found to be positive in 35%, 55.9% of samples by RT-PCR and ELISA technique respectively, and children under 4 years old were more likely to be infection with the virus. Autumn-winter was most common for HRSV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Human Boca virus (HBoV) is one of the viral infections present worldwide. Objective: To determine the role of HBoV in respiratory tract infection. Patients and Methods: Cross sectional study consists of 160 (Pharyngeal secretions and blood) samples were collected from children who attended Al-Zahraa Hospital for respiratory complaints during the period from October 1st 2018 to April 30th 2019, including both genders and ages ranging from (3 months to 10 years). The samples were divided into two groups. First group consisting of (80) blood samples for patients, while the second group (80) sample swabs from the pharynx. Results: The prevalence of HBoV using PCR technique was 38.3%. Those less than 2 years showed the highest rate of infection 43.5%, followed by 5-7 years 42.9% and 2-4 years 33.3% while the lowest percentage in the age group (8-10 years) 28.5%. A high rate of IgG was recorded in age group less than 2 years old 51.3%, followed by the category of 5-7 and 2-4 years with 28.6% and 22.2% respectively. Conclusion: A high rate of HBoV infection in children with respiratory illness in Diyala province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite substantial research efforts to increase engagement in physical activity (PA), children are not sufficiently active. Dual-process theories suggest that PA behavior regulation occurs through both controlled (i.e., reflective, conscious) and automatic (i.e., non-reflective, less conscious) processes. Automatic processes depend on affective valuations and attitudes towards PA and have been shown to predict PA behavior. However, their role in PA behavior regulation in children remains unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the unique association of automatic attitudes towards PA on self-reported seven-day PA recall, after accounting for the effects of known controlled precursors of PA (i.e., explicit attitudes, PA self-efficacy, and PA intentions). In a cross-sectional design, 69 children (age = 10.8 ± 0.6 years) completed the Single-Category Implicit Association Task (SC-IAT) and self-reported measures of PA and controlled precursors of PA. In a hierarchical regression analysis, controlled processes accounted for 28.3 % of the variance in PA behavior. Although the bivariate association between automatic attitudes and PA was not significant, the association between them became significant but negative in the fully adjusted model (b = -1.70; p = 0.025). The fully adjusted model accounted for 35.0 % of the variance in PA. In summary, the findings indicated that both controlled and automatic processes predicted PA in children, although the association with automatic attitudes was not in the expected direction in the adjusted model. Future studies are warranted to further understand the role of automatic processes in the regulation of PA behavior in children., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Self-regulation of effort during exercise (i.e. pacing) is a determinant of exercise performance, which develops during childhood and adolescence. Yet, the various aspects of pacing under development, such as the capability to use task experience and retain the task goal in the presence of other competitors, have remained relatively unexplored., Methods: 9 adolescents (14.9 ± 2.1 years old) and 14 adults (24.2 ± 3.2 years old) completed four 4-km cycling trials in a well-controlled laboratory setting. After one familiarization visit, trials were performed in random order: alone, with the goal to finish the trial as fast as possible (AloneTime), with a competitor and the same goal (CompTime), or with a competitor and the goal to finish first (CompFirst). Within each age group, repeated measurement ANOVAs (p < 0.05) examined the differences in the estimated task duration, pacing behavior (distribution of mean power output per 500 m) and performance (finish time) between visits (4) or conditions (3)., Results: In contrast to adults (p < 0.05, η 2 p > 0.20), adolescents did not exhibit a change in estimation of task duration, pacing behavior or performance over repeated visits (p > 0.05, η 2 p < 0.10). Adolescents altered their pacing behavior in the presence of a competitor independent of the task goal (CompTime & CompFirst), whereas adults only demonstrated this alteration when instructed to finish first (CompFirst)., Conclusions: Adolescents are still developing the capability to 1) use experience from previous tasks to adjust their pacing behavior, and 2) inhibit the intuitive action of engaging with the competitor to retain the more abstract task goal of finishing the trial as fast as possible. These findings establish novel experimental evidence for the underpinnings of pacing behavior development., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest and Funding Source: The authors do not have any conflict of interest. The authors received no specific funding for this work., (Copyright © 2024 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)