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Hussam Darraj,1 Khalid M Hakami,1 Rawan Maghrabi,1 Nawaf Bakri,1 Mohammed H Alhazmi,1 Abdellh A Names,1 Ahmed Akkur,1 Maram Sayegh,1 Asma Alhazmi,1 Saad M Khubrani,1 Gassem Gohal,1 Amro H Alomar,2 Abdulaziz H Alhazmi1 1Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia; 2King Fahad Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Jazan, 85534, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdulaziz H Alhazmi, Email Abalhazmi@jazanu.edu.saBackground: Nutritional rickets remains a significant concern in certain countries, with increasing prevalence attributed to factors such as limited sunlight exposure and undernourishment. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with rickets due to nutritional deficiency in children from Jazan Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia.Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using descriptive data from medical records at a tertiary hospital in Jazan Province. Records of patients diagnosed with rickets between January 2010 and December 2020 were analyzed. Symptomatic rickets cases from pediatric clinics were included, and diagnoses were based on biochemical and clinical tests. Risk factors were assessed using patient medical records. Data were analyzed using percentages, mean, and standard deviation.Results: The study included 84 patients with rickets (53 females and 31 males), primarily between 11– 18 years old. The mean body mass index (BMI) of the participants was 21.21. The most common risk factor was nutritional deficiencies, including vitamin D deficiency or calcium deficiency, with 75 patients reporting a family history of vitamin D deficiency. The children had limited sunlight exposure and low levels of calcium and vitamin D. Malnutrition was identified as the highest risk factor for rickets in the study population.Conclusion: Nutritional rickets appears to be prevalent in the Jazan Province, emphasizing the need for government organizations to address this preventable disease. Adequate sun exposure and recommended dietary vitamin D intake are crucial to prevent rickets, as this study detected inadequate levels of calcium and vitamin D in children. National studies are required to further identify risk factors and develop appropriate strategies.Keywords: nutritional rickets, vitamin D, breastfeeding, Saudi Arabia

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a growing public health concern, yet misconceptions about the condition are common. This study assessed awareness and social perceptions of AD in Jazan., Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 925 adults was conducted. Knowledge was assessed using a 30-item Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). Social perceptions were evaluated using a 10-item questionnaire., Results: Many had misconceptions about AD epidemiology, causes, management, and care. The mean ADKS score was 8.89 ± 5.17 out of 30. Knowledge was poorest for symptoms, risk factors, treatment, caregiving, and life impact. Knowledge was highest in those aged >45 years (p = 0.018), in those with income > 15K SR (p = 0.004), in retired individuals (p = 0.023), and in those who learned about AD from books (p = 0.001), healthcare professionals (p = 0.001), or had an affected relative (p = 0.001). However, knowledge was low across all domains, averaging only 29% correct answers. Most respondents held positive social perceptions, yet sizable minorities saw isolation, legal intervention, and institutionalization as appropriate. Additionally, a portion of respondents associated stigma with individuals affected by AD and expressed a sense of burden associated with the condition., Conclusions: There are substantial knowledge gaps and some stigmatizing attitudes about AD in Jazan. Awareness regarding the causes, diagnosis, and management of AD was low. Misconceptions exist that AD only affects older people. Improved public education, especially for higher-risk groups, is needed to address misconceptions and promote social inclusion for those with dementia. Healthcare professionals can play a crucial role., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Hakami et al.)