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Background: Hypoxia ischemia leads to abnormal behavior and growth. Prenatal hypoxia also decreases brain adaptive potential, which can cause fatal effects such as cell death. Asiatic acid in Centella asiatica is a neuroprotector through antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities. Aims: This study aimed to analyze the effect of Asiatic acid as a neuroprotector against hypoxia during intrauterine development on locomotor activity, head width, and BDNF expression. Methods: The true experimental laboratory research used a posttest control-only design. Zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) aged 0-2 dpf (days postfertilization) were exposed to hypoxia with oxygen levels reaching 1.5 mg/L. Then, Asiatic acid was administered at successive concentrations, namely, 0.36 μg/ml, 0.72 μg/ml, and 1.45 μg/ml, at 2 hpf (hours postfertilization), 3 dpf, 6 dpf, and 9 dpf. Head width, velocity activity and BDNF expression were observed. Results: Intrauterine hypoxia significantly decreased head width, velocity rate, and BDNF expression ( [Open Vet J 2023; 13(10.000): 1326-1333]

The circular bioeconomy is increasingly recognized as a strategy to tackle natural resource constraints and environmental degradation. This paper examines the prospects of applying circular bioeconomy principles to drive economic growth in Indonesia's forestry sector. Using both quantitative and qualitative data, the study analyzes the sector through upstream, midstream, and downstream value chains. The findings indicate that integrating these principles can boost economic growth by fostering industrial development, innovation, added value, and job creation. In the upstream chain, sustainable forest management, planting, and conservation activities ensure raw material availability and create employment opportunities. The midstream chain sees the growth of creative industries focused on waste processing and logistics, driving innovation, added value, and job absorption. Downstream activities, such as repair, maintenance, refurbishment, upcycling, and rental services, also contribute to economic growth. For further economic development, the study highlights the importance of exploring technology-based activities like biorefineries and innovative product development. This integration at various stages of the value chain demonstrates that a circular bioeconomy can significantly contribute to sustainable economic growth in the Indonesian forestry sector.

In big data analysis requires powerful machine learning frameworks, strategies, and environments to analyze data at scale. Therefore, Apache Spark is used as a cluster computing framework to process big data in parallel and can run on multiple clusters. In this study, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm is used as a classification method to predict whether a flight will experience a delayed arrival. This study also aims to analyze the performance of the distributed SVM algorithm using the Apache Spark framework in classifying delayed flight arrivals. Running time evaluation is important in proving how fast the data processing is done using Apache Spark. In addition, there is a test to prove the effect of using the SVM algorithm with a distributed system on the results of the classification accuracy of delayed flight arrivals. Distributed SVM performance testing is carried out using variations in data size and the number of worker nodes in the built cluster. From the test results, it was found that the most effective number of worker nodes used in the flight delay classification process was 4 worker nodes with the lowest running time results from the experiment of 4 variations in the number of worker nodes. In terms of accuracy, adding the number of worker nodes does not affect the accuracy of the program. The difference in the accuracy of results is caused by the random oversampling process on the data performed on each system test. Using the SVM algorithm with Spark is sufficient to provide good performance in the classification process with the highest accuracy result in the test being 93.98 %.

Cadmium is a heavy metal that could be found in daily life. This metal has a toxicity, could contaminate the environment, and affect human health. The main aim of this research was to find the effect of low concentration Cadmium exposure in acute time toward HUVECs cell morphology and viability.In a True experimental research with in vitro model using HUVECs cell, HUVECs cell was divided into four groups. One control group (without CdCl2 induction) and three treatment groups with CdCl2 induction with various concentrations, 0,153 µg/L, 1,53 µg/L and 15,3 µg/L. The trial was repeated five times for each group. Cell morphology was observed with an inverted microscope. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. Data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis statistical test and continue with the Man Whitney test. Correlation test was using Spearman.Morphology of treatment group HUVECs cell induced by CdCl2 concentration 15,3 µg/L looked significantly different compared with control group (p

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a chronic condition that causes permanent disability, particularly cognitive impairment resulting from glial scar formation. Minocycline treatment inhibits glial scar formation through the Ciliary Neurotropic Factor (CNTF) pathway in multiple sclerosis. We hypothesized that minocycline could also inhibit CNTF, which would play a role in the inhibition of glial scar formation in TBI. The objective was to evaluate the role of minocycline in inhibiting glial scar formation through the CNTF signaling pathway and ameliorating cognitive impairment in TBI model rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 16) were divided into 4 groups (n = 4/group). TBI through the weight drop model is performed on day 0, followed by minocycline treatment of 25 mg/kg (MNO1 group), 50 mg/kg (MNO2 group) and 100 mg/kg (MNO3 group) given for 14 days. The NOR test is performed on day 15, followed by immunofluorescence double staining on day 16. Minocycline plays a role in inhibiting glial scar formation in TBI model rats. Minocycline inhibits the formation of CNTF with an effect proportion of 66.3 %, which plays a role in inhibiting glial scar in the perilesional area in TBI model rats. Inhibition of glial scar improves cognitive function impairment in TBI model rats. Administration of minocycline improves cognitive function in TBI model rats with an effect proportion of 46.7 %. It can be concluded that minocycline inhibits glial scar through the inhibition of CNTF expression and ameliorates cognitive impairment in a rat model of TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperglycemia affects approximately 16.7% of pregnancies worldwide, with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) accounting for nearly 84% of these cases. GDM, characterized by glucose intolerance during pregnancy, presents significant health risks. Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) and Centella asiatica (CA) are known for their antidiabetic and antioxidant properties, including the ability to enhance insulin secretion and inhibit phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression in the gluconeogenesis pathway. This study aims to assess the impact of a nanoemulsion of RO and CA combination (ROCA) on heart rate, superoxide dismutase (SOD), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2a (Nrf2a), sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in zebrafish larvae model of GDM. GDM was induced by exposure of zebrafish embryo to a 3% glucose solution in an embryonic medium. The GDM phenotype was confirmed by elevated PEPCK expression as a hyperglycemia marker. GDM zebrafish was administered RO-CA nanoemulsion at concentrations of 2.5, 5, and 10 μg/mL.from 2 hpf to 72 hpf. Heart rate was monitored using stereoscopic imaging connected to a camera, while expression levels of PEPCK, Nrf2a, SOD, SIRT-1, and TH were quantified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results revealed a significant decrease in PEPCK expression in the treatment groups compared to the glucose untreated group. Notably, the nanoemulsion maintained heart rate frequency and upregulated Nrf2a, SOD, SIRT-1, and TH expression, particularly at a concentration of 2.5 μg/mL. Overall, these findings suggest that the RO-CA nanoemulsion exhibits enhanced antioxidant activity and holds promise as a potential cardioprotective agent in GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Colon cancer is a malignancy of the gastrointestinal which is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Tumorigenesis involved oncologic pathway such as PI3K/AKT as the common pathway with the challenges is therapy resistance. Therefore, an alternative colon cancer treatments is needed that comes from biological resources such as sea grapes. Objective: This study aims to determine anticancer potency of hexane extract from sea grapes ( Caulerpa racemosa) on HT-29 cell line colon cancer based on suppressing PI3K/AKT pathway. Method: The study was conducted in vitro using the extract of Caulerpa racemosa at concentrations of (0, 400, 800, and 1.200) μg/mL on the HT-29 cell line based on the level expression of p-akt related to PI3K/AKT pathway, cleaved caspase 3 related to apoptosis, and viable cells related to proliferation. Results: The research results was found that the hexane extract of Caulerpa racemosa decreased the expression level of p-akt (Kruskal wallis, p=0,027), increased the cleaved caspase 3 (Kruskal wallis, p=0,016), and decreased the viable cells (Kruskal wallis, 24 and 48 hours: p=0,024 and 0,034). Conclusion: Caulerpa racemosa hexane extract can inhibit colon cancer cells growth by suppressing PI3K/AKT pathway based on inhibition proliferation and induce apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, income inequality and economic growth in South Sumatra experienced fluctuating conditions that could hinder learning and education activities. This study aims to examine the effect of educational conditions, consisting of the average length of school (RLS), literacy rate (AMH), pure participation rate (APM), and percentage of 15+ population of senior high school level (PPTP) on income inequality and economic growth in South Sumatra. Data were obtained from the BPS-Statistics of South Sumatra. The current study implemented panel data regression analysis on cross-sectional data from 16 cities/regencies in South Sumatra and time series 2017-2021. The research findings in the first equation show that RLS has a significant effect on reducing income inequality. AMH, APM, and PPTP do not significantly reduce income inequality. The second equation shows that APM and PPTP have a significant effect on economic growth, while RLS and AMH have no significant effect on economic growth. The influence of education on several of these factors has not reduced income inequality and economic growth caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from that, the APBD's focus has been redirected to coping with the COVID-19 case; therefore, education has received less attention for this condition. Regional government efforts need to be increased by utilizing school operational assistance for people experiencing poverty and increasing the allocation of education funds above 20% so that compulsory education becomes 12 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is one of the most used methods to analyze gene expression. However, if the annealing temperature in the qPCR cycle is lower than 55°C, nonspecific amplification may occur. On the other hand, some sets of primers can only function optimally at the annealing temperature below 55°C. Thus, a protocol allowing both specific amplification and large yield in low annealing temperature is needed. Methods: qPCR on the target ribosomal protein L13a (rpl13a) and natriuretic peptide A (nppa) from samples of zebrafish embryos and larvae was performed in triplicates using three different protocols: routine qPCR, gradient qPCR, and modified touchdown qPCR. The cycle of quantification (Cq) value and melt peak data were compared between the routine or gradient qPCR and the modified touchdown qPCR. Results: For rpl13a that was adequately and specifically amplified by both routine and touchdown qPCR, modified touchdown qPCR decreased the average Cq by 3.68–4.66 (P < 0.05). For nppa, a gene with restricted expression that could only be amplified substantially but nonspecifically at the annealing temperature of 50°C, modified touchdown qPCR increased the amplification specificity by forming only one melt peak during melt curve analysis and yielding a substantial amount of amplicon with the Cq of 22.48–22.51. Conclusions: The modified touchdown qPCR with low final annealing temperature was able to produce specific amplification with better yield and detection sensitivity. This method is especially useful for primer sets with low optimum annealing temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vigna unguiculata, cowpea, contains genistein, a compound with a structure similar to estrogen. However, the genistein content of cowpea and its potential for addressing menopause-related vaginal epithelial cell atrophy remains uncharted. This research aims to examine the interaction mode and estrogenic effect of Indonesian cowpea seeds' genistein on the estrogen receptor (ER) both in silico and in vivo. Through the application of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the genistein content of dry pasta cowpea seeds KT4 and KT6 was examined. Autodock 4.0, an integral component of the PyRx 0.9.5 software, was utilized to establish a virtual interaction between genistein molecules from cowpea compounds and the ERa and ERβ proteins. An immunohistochemistry assay was employed to characterize the estrogen receptor expression profile of vaginal tissue in 36 female Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to treatment-dependent doses of cowpea. Genistein was 15.64 µg/g higher in cowpea KT4 than in KT6. Moreover, genistein docking in cowpeas revealed a significant interaction with ERa and ERβ at -9.03 and 10.8 kcal/mol, respectively. Expression of ERa and ERβ significantly increased in vaginal menopausal rat models treated with 4-ethanolic extract of cowpea seed varieties at a dose of 5 mg/kgBB compared to a lower dose (p=0.004). In sum, cowpea ethanol extract exhibited to have an estrogenic effect on vaginal tissue in menopausal models. Accordingly, future applications of the cowpea as a complementary therapy for vaginal dryness due to menopausal syndrome will enhance the quality of life for postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) has increased worldwide alongside an increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Indonesia is endowed with a rich biodiversity and medicinal plants, including mahogany. Mahogany seeds contain flavonoids, saponins, and limonoids. Limonoid compounds have been shown to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the activation of antioxidant enzymes. This study focuses on a systematic review of the potential of the seeds of Swietenia spp. as an antioxidant in GDM. A systematic literature review of 13 scientific articles comprising 12 original research articles and 1 review article published within the last 7-8 years from various scientific databases was conducted. The original research articles were categorized into in vivo and in vitro studies with respect to the antioxidant activity of Swietenia spp. seeds. The systematic review provided a comprehensive understanding of the potential of mahogany seeds as an antioxidant and its role in the management of GDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]