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We aimed to examine the relationship between body image and the meaning of life among women with breast cancer. The analytic sample included 142 women with breast cancer, and data were collected using a standardized questionnaire through face-to-face interviews. We used Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Pearson test, Spearman and Mann–Whitney U test to determine the relationship between the research variables. We found an association between the mean score of body image and the mean score of the meaning of life. As the average score of body image increases, the score of the meaning of life increases (p < 0.05). Findings indicated that the body image score increases by increasing the score of the meaning of life and its dimensions, especially existential vacuum and acceptance of death. Future research and targeted treatments should consider the role of body image in shaping the meaning of life among women with breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Puberty is an important period that requires proper guidance for a safe transition to the next stage of development. The role of school counselors is crucial in guiding students as they face challenges and complexities during counseling. The present study aimed to assess needs and challenges faced by school counsellors in providing puberty counselling for girls. Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional design was used in this study. A total number of 132 school counsellors were selected using the convenience sampling method from the girl's high schools of Kerman Province, Iran in 2020. A researcherdesigned questionnaire was used to collect data. Mean and standard deviation, non-parametric tests, such as Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman correlation coefficient tests of SPSS version 22 were used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the study participants was "43.75±6.94" years. Results showed that most of the counsellors agreed with the "need for specialized education for counsellors on an international level and based on new sciences" "(94.7%)", while most disagreed with "not adhering to professional ethics in counselling" "(69.7%)". Additionally, the highest total mean was attributed to the "inadequate skills in counselling" "(M±SD=24.67±16.78)", indicating high disagreement, and the lowest mean was attributed to "financial and human resources limitations" "(M±SD=4.87±4.2)". Conclusions: The study results showed that there is a necessity to implement strategic measures to enhance the quality of counseling services and elevate the status of school counselors. A thorough understanding of counselors' expertise is essential for them to utilize their skills efficiently and boost their effectiveness. Thus, it is recommended that future research includes interventions aimed at furthering the training of school counselors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Batool. Saeedi, Zohreh. Khoshnood, Mahlagha. Dehghan, Farokh. Abazari, Ali. Saeedi Background and Aim: Cancer, as a social phenomenon, disrupts the daily functions and social activities of a person and [...]

One of the many problems cancer patients experience is death anxiety. This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between authenticity and death anxiety in cancer patients. The participants were 172 cancer patients who referred to medical centers in southeast Iran. The data were collected using authenticity inventory, and death and dying anxiety scale. There was a negative correlation between authenticity and death anxiety, i.e. patients who indicated higher authenticity scores showed lower levels of death anxiety. It seems that developing a comprehensive care program for increasing awareness of authenticity in patients, may be effective in reducing patient death anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Zohreh. Khoshnood, Sedigheh. Iranmanesh, Masoud. Rayyani, Mahlegha. Dehghan Context: Cancer as a life-threatening disease develops a range of existential challenges in persons. These challenges cause the patients to encounter [...]

Background: Cancer is believed to be one of the most important health problems worldwide today. In Iran, the burden of cancer is also on the rise and social support is an important aspect of modern cancer care. Therefore, we conducted the current study to determine the social needs of patients with cancer employing a qualitative content analysis. Method: This conventional qualitative content analysis was performed based on a descriptive explorative approach. Data saturation was achieved after interviewing 10 patients with cancer with in-depth semi- structured interviews. Data was gathered from autumn 2017 to spring 2018, from all the cancer patients who referred to three hospitals in Kerman. We utilized MAXQDA10 software for data analysis. Results: On average, the participants had 9 months to 4 years' experience of cancer. The mean age of the participants was 45.7 years old. The present study revealed that the most important needs expressed by the participants were related to "organizational-therapeutic support". This main category consisted of three sub- categories, including the need for financial support, inadequate environmental conditions in health care facilities, and not having the opportunity to choose. Conclusion: The financial needs of cancer patients include the need for financial support from the spouse and the need for financial support from public and non- governmental organizations. Their financial needs lead into not pursuing their treatment. Therefore, paying attention to the culture and values of patients is one of the important issues in providing care to these patients. Researchers have suggested focusing on further organizational support and ways to mitigate the needs of this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Analysis of nursing theoretical works and its role in knowledge development is presented as an essential process of critical reflection. Health promotion model (HPM) focuses on helping people achieve higher levels of well-being and identifies background factors that influence health behaviors. Objectives This paper aims to evaluate, and critique HPM by Barnum's criteria. Methods The present study reviewed books and articles derived from Proquest, PubMed, Blackwell Databases. The method of evaluation for this model is based on Barnum's criteria for analysis, application and evaluation of nursing theories. The criteria selected by Barnum embrace both internal and external criticism. Internal criticism deals with how theory components fit with each other (internal construction of theory) and external criticism deals with the way in which theory relates to the extended world (which considers theory in its relationships to human beings, nursing, and health). Results The electronic database search yielded over 27,717 titles and abstracts. Following removal of duplicates, 18,963 titles and abstracts were screened using the inclusion criteria and 1278 manuscripts were retrieved. Of these, 80 were specific to HPM and 23 to analysis of any theory in nursing relating to the aim of this article. After final selection using the inclusion criteria for this review, 28 manuscripts were identified as examining the factors contributing to theory analysis. Evaluation of health promotion theory showed that the philosophical claims and their content are consistent and clear. HPM has a logical structure and was applied to diverse age groups from differing cultures with varying health concerns. Conclusion In conclusion, among the strategies for theory critique, the Barnum approach is structured and accurate, considers theory in its relationship to human beings, community psychiatric nursing, and health. While according to Pender, nursing assessment, diagnosis and interventions are utilized to operationalize the HPM through practical application and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Religion/spirituality (R/S) plays a significant role in most clients' lives in healthcare systems. Evidence shows that most psychiatric nurses receive little or no training in spiritual care (SC) and are unable to integrate clients' R/S into mental healthcare. Objective: To address this gap, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an online SC training program on psychiatric nurses' competencies in SC and the integration of clients' R/S into mental healthcare. Material and Methods: This experimental study was conducted with nurses working in a psychiatric hospital in Iran. Random sampling was performed and 95 nurses were assigned to the intervention (n=50) and control (n=45) groups. Online SC training was conducted for the intervention group in four sessions over four weeks. Data were collected using the Self-Assessment of Spiritual Care Competency and R/S Integrated Practice Assessment Scale before and one month after the training program. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups before training (P>0.05). After the training, nurses in the intervention group obtained signifi- cantly higher scores in competencies in SC and integration of clients' R/S into mental healthcare compared to the control group, with a considerable effect size (P<0.05). Conclusion: The online training program positively affected psychiatric nurses' competencies in SC and the integration of clients' R/S into mental healthcare. Since SC is a critical need for clients, specifically in mental healthcare settings, nurses must receive continuous education to provide SC to various clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cancer is a major health problem around the world. The use of coping strategies among patients with cancer depends on several issues. This study was conducted to determine coping strategies used by patients with cancer in south-east Iran. Methods: This study is a conventional, qualitative content analysis with a descriptive explorative approach. Data saturation achieved after interviewing 13 participants in 15 interviews. Using an in-depth individual semi-structured approach the participants were asked to narrate their experiences of strategies that they used to cope with cancer. The following were considered: unit of analysis, meaning unit, condensation, code, sub-category, category, and main category. Results: Data analysis led to extraction of two main categories of body-mind healing strategies: being connected to the body and mindfully reconnected to the self. The first category was explained with reference to two sub-categories, being aware of intelligence and body nurturing. The second category was explained with the three sub-categories of using embodying knowledge, living for the moment, and being connected to nature. Conclusion: According to the results of this qualitative study, it is possible to form discussion groups with peers or to have self-reflective practice learning groups to reflect patients’ questions and strategies that they use for body-mind healing., (Creative Commons Attribution License)