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3. Current status and future perspectives for localizing the solar photovoltaic industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Author

AlOtaibi, Zaid S., Khonkar, Hussam I., AlAmoudi, Ahmed O., and Alqahtani, Saad H.

Abstract

Saudi Arabia has developed Saudi Vision 2030, an ambitious plan to reduce the country’s dependence on oil by supporting promising private energy organizations and by developing opportunities that contributes to the national economy. In the manufacturing sector, the government is encouraging technology transfers in the renewable energy industries. It is expected to result in the localization of significant parts of the renewable energy value chain in Saudi Arabia. Solar energy systems are proven renewable energy source globally and domestically, it has its long and vast share of experience, from operations and maintenance, to solar data monitoring and gathering. Wide areas had been identified, where this technology can be highly installed and integrated. Components can be manufactured from locally available raw materials to achieve the final products. This study analyzed the key elements of the value chain for producing crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic systems. This paper presents recommendations for localizing this industry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to align with the goals of Saudi Vision 2030. Although these recommendations are based on the environmental conditions of Saudi Arabia, such are also highly relevant for further application to other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region, where widespread energy transitions from fossil fuels to renewable resources are already taking place.

Published
2024
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5. Degradation in photovoltaic encapsulation strength of attachment: Results of the first PVQAT TG5 artificial weathering study

Author

Miller, David C., primary, Alharbi, Fahad, additional, Andreas, Afshin, additional, Bokria, Jayesh G., additional, Burns, David M., additional, Bushong, Jaynae, additional, Chen, Xinxin, additional, Dietz, Dennis, additional, Fowler, Sean, additional, Gu, Xiaohong, additional, Habte, Aron, additional, Honeker, Christian C., additional, Kempe, Michael D., additional, Khonkar, Hussam, additional, Köhl, Michael, additional, Phillips, Nancy H., additional, Rivera, Jorge, additional, Scott, Kurt P., additional, Singh, Ashish, additional, and Zielnik, Allen F., additional

Published
2020
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7. Optical Element Design for the Retrofit of the World’s First Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Power Plant.

Author

Khonkar, Hussam, Alharbi, Fahad, Alyahyah, Abdulaziz, Miller, David C., and Leutz, Ralf

Subjects
*OPTICAL elements, *FRESNEL lenses, *STRUCTURAL mechanics, *POWER plants, *OPTICS
Abstract

The world’s oldest, and still functional, Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) power plant originally rated at 350 kW, and is situated 50 km from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. There are ongoing efforts to retrofit the modules with new secondary optics and triple-junction cell devices. The paper characterizes the initial optical train, whose design is non-conventional in its use of a two-area primary Fresnel lens. The first generation of a retrofit receiver package is described. Challenges beyond the optical design are encountered, including tracking and structural mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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8. Degradation in PV encapsulant strength of attachment: An interlaboratory study towards a climate-specific test

Author

Miller, David C., primary, Annigoni, Eleonora, additional, Ballion, Amal, additional, Bokria, Jayesh G., additional, Bruckman, Laura S., additional, Burns, David M., additional, Chen, Xinxin, additional, Feng, Jiangtao, additional, French, Roger H., additional, Fowler, Sean, additional, Honeker, Christian C., additional, Kempe, Michael D., additional, Khonkar, Hussam, additional, Kohl, Michael, additional, Perret-Aebi, Laure-Emmanuelle, additional, Phillips, Nancy H., additional, Scott, Kurt P., additional, Sculati-Meillaud, Fanny, additional, and Wohlgemuth, John H., additional

Published
2016
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9. Optimizing defocus to increase efficiency in concentrator photovoltaic modules

Author

Wacaser, Brent A., primary, Alyahya, Abdulaziz, additional, Kirchner, Peter D., additional, Alowais, Abdullah, additional, Martin, Yves, additional, Halawani, Mohammad, additional, Sandstrom, Robert L., additional, Eugenio, Nunilo N., additional, Aljuwaied, Mazzen, additional, Badahdah, Alhassan, additional, VanKessel, Theodore G., additional, and Khonkar, Hussam, additional

Published
2015
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13. Degradation in PV encapsulation transmittance: An interlaboratory study towards a climate-specific test.

Author

Miller, David C., Annigoni, Eleonora, Ballion, Amal, Bokria, Jayesh G., Bruckman, Laura S., Burns, David M., Xinxin Chen, Elliott, Lamont, Jiangtao Feng, French, Roger H., Fowler, Sean, Xiaohong Gu, Hacke, Peter L., Honeker, Christian C., Kempe, Michael D., Khonkar, Hussam, Kohl, Michael, Perret-Aebi, Laure-Emmanuelle, Phillips, Nancy H., and Scott, Kurt P.

Published
2015
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15. Two Year Performance Of A 10 kW CPV System Installed In Two Areas Of Saudi Arabia.

Author

Khonkar, Hussam, Alowais, Abdullah, Sheikho, Ayman, Alyahya, Abdulaziz, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alsaedan, Abdullah, Eugenio, Nunilo N., Alalweet, Fahad, Halawani, Mohammad, and Alsaferan, Abdulrahman

Subjects
*SOLAR technology, *SOLAR concentrators, *PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, *PERFORMANCE evaluation, *FRESNEL lenses, *ELECTRIC power production
Abstract

The three year KACST/IBM collaboration in solar technology research led to the design and development of a 10kW CPV system. The system is comprised of 81 PV modules, inverters and a tracking system and is grid connected. A primary and secondary optics were employed to reach 1600x concentration on multijunction solar cells. Two CPV trackers were installed in the city of Riyadh and one in the eastern coastal city of Al Khafji. These two areas differ in climatic conditions. Riyadh is mostly dry and very often hit by very strong sand storms while Al Khafji is very humid with sand storms. Very fine dusts and dirt carried by the storms hits the surface of the primary optics, Fresnel lens, of the system. In Riyadh, the particles stick to the lenses but accumulation in the surface is not much since it is blown away by wind. However, the humid condition of the coastal areas wets the dusts and makes it sticky, cumulating more dusts and dirt. This paper discusses in details the parts of the 10kW CPV system. It presents a comprehensive analysis of the system's performance since the time they were installed and operated. CPV systems are operated with the least number of personnel and supervision. However, dust and dirt lessens the amount of sunlight passing through the primary optics. It requires periodic cleaning of the Fresnel lens. Different methods of cleaning were tried to identify the efficient way to clean the system that results to a higher power generation. Corrections and modifications of the system to further increase power production are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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16. Exploring the limits of concentration for UHCPV

Author

Wacaser, Brent A, primary, Kirchner, Peter D, additional, Martin, Yves, additional, Badahdah, Alhassan, additional, Sandstrom, Robert L, additional, Moumen, Naim, additional, Khonkar, Hussam, additional, Alharbi, Yaseen G, additional, and van Kessel, Theodore G, additional

Published
2011
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17. Multi receiver concentrator photovoltaic testing at extreme concentrations

Author

van Kessel, Theodore, primary, Abduljabar, Ayman, additional, Alyahya, Abdulaziz, additional, Alyousef, Badr, additional, Badahdah, Alhassan, additional, Khonkar, Hussam, additional, Kirchner, Peter, additional, Martin, Yves, additional, Manzer, Dennis, additional, Moumen, Naim, additional, Prabhakar, Aparna, additional, Picunko, Thomas, additional, Sandstrom, Robert, additional, Al-Saaedi, Yaseen, additional, Wacaser, Brent, additional, and Guha, Supratik, additional

Published
2010
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20. Ultra-high CPV system development and deployment in Saudi Arabia.

Author

Khonkar, Hussam, Wacaser, Brent, Martin, Yves, Kirchner, Peter, Alyahya, Abdulaziz, Aljouad, Mazen, Halawani, Mohamed, and van Kessel, Theodor

Abstract

This paper discusses the development and deployment of an ultra-high concentrating PV module that utilizes concentration above 1400X on multijunction solar cells. The development process included the selection of cell assemblies, primary and secondary optics, and focal distance. The systems were deployed in Saudi Arabia inside the Solar Village near Riyadh and in Khafji near the border of Saudi and Kuwait, following the deployment of first prototype in Yorktown, NY. Data from operation in those areas are shown here, and next steps of optimizing the module performance are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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21. Optimizing Defocus to Increase Efficiency in Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules

Author

Wacaser, Brent A., Alyahya, Abdulaziz, Kirchner, Peter D., Alowais, Abdullah, Martin, Yves, Halawani, Mohammad, Sandstrom, Robert L., Eugenio, Nunilo N., Aljuwaied, Mazzen, Badahdah, Alhassan, VanKessel, Theodore G., and Khonkar, Hussam

Abstract

We describe a process for increasing power efficiency of concentrator photovoltaic (PV) systems by optimizing the lens-to-cell spacing. We find that there is an optimum defocus position with improved power output and reduced sensitivity to pointing errors, which, in combination, can result in a more than 10% enhancement. The improvement can be realized by minor changes to module cases which should not require changes to other manufacturing, installation, or component costs. In fact, optimizing the defocus position allows for lower costs per unit power due to increased power and relaxed system tolerances. This paper focuses on detailed data illuminating the behavior of ultrahigh concentration PV modules, while one can look forward to optimizing defocus through sufficiently detailed simulation; at present, we find that an empirical determination of optimum defocus is necessary. The data reveal that even without design parameters changing, supply chain changes can have a significant impact on the optimum defocus; data from five different module configurations with components from different manufacturing lots are presented. These different configurations serve to illustrate the consequences of component changes and the importance of verifying the optimum defocus. A detailed discussion of the effects that are important to determine the optimum defocus and which underlie these differences is included.

Published
2015
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