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2. Danger ahead: the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990–2015

Author

Mokdad, Ali H, El Bcheraoui, Charbel, Charara, Raghid, Khalil, Ibrahim, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Afshin, Ashkan, Collison, Michael, Daoud, Farah, Krohn, Kristopher J, Chew, Adrienne, Biryukov, Stan, Casey, Daniel, Cercy, Kelly, Charlson, Fiona J, Cornaby, Leslie, Dicker, Daniel, Erskine, Holly E, Ferrari, Alize J, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Foreman, Kyle J, Fraser, Maya, Frostad, Joseph, Godwin, William W, Griswold, Max, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kemmer, Laura, Kutz, Michael, Kyu, Hmwe H, Leung, Janni, Liu, Patrick, Mikesell, Joseph, Nguyen, Grant, Olsen, Helen E, Reiner, Robert, Reitsma, Marissa, Roth, Gregory, Santomauro, Damian, Smith, Alison, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Sur, Patrick, Wang, Haidong, Whiteford, Harvey A, Afifi, Rima, Kiadaliri, Aliasghar Ahmad, Ahmadi, Alireza, Ahmadieh, Hamid, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Noore, Ali, Raghib, Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Anber, Nahla, Ansari, Hossein, Anwari, Palwasha, Asayesh, Hamid, Asgedom, Solomon W, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Bacha, Umar, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Geffen, David, Bedi, Neeraj, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Bisanzio, Donal, Butt, Zahid A, Deribew, Amare, Djalalinia, Shirin, Eshrati, Babak, Esteghamati, Alireza, Farvid, Maryam S, Chan, Harvard TH, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fischer, Florian, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye T, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hamidi, Samer, Hotez, Peter J, Hsairi, Mohamed, Jonas, Jost B, Kasaeian, Amir, Khader, Yousef S, Khan, Ejaz A, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khoja, Abdullah TA, Khoja, Tawfik AM, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kopec, Jacek A, Larson, Heidi J, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Abd El Razek, Hassan Magdy, Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Memish, Ziad A, Mensah, George A, Nasher, Jamal T, Obermeyer, Carla M, Pourmalek, Farshad, Qorbani, Mostafa, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rawaf, David L, Rawaf, Salman, Refaat, Amany H, Rezaei, Satar, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Salamati, Payman, Samy, Abdallah M, Sartorius, Benn, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Shaikh, Masood A, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sobaih, Badr HA, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah S, Topor-Madry, Roman, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vollset, Stein Emil, Werdecker, Andrea, Yaghoubi, Mohsen, Yaseri, Mehdi, Younis, Mustafa Z, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Jumaan, Aisha O, Vos, Theo, Naghavi, Mohsen, Hay, Simon I, Murray, Christopher JL, and Reg, GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Poison control, Nutritional Status, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Disease, Global Health, Eastern Mediterranean Region, Disability-adjusted life years, Child Nutrition Disorders, Occupational safety and health, Global Burden of Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Middle East, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Neoplasms, Injury prevention, medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Child, Noncommunicable Diseases, Cause of death, 2. Zero hunger, Injuries, business.industry, Mediterranean Region, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Burden of disease, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Diet, Malnutrition, Risk factors, 1117 Public Health And Health Services, Original Article, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Public Health, business
Abstract

Objectives The Eastern Mediterranean Region faces several health challenges at a difficult time with wars, unrest, and economic change. Methods We used the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study to present the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in the Eastern Mediterranean Region from 1990 to 2015. Results Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of death in the region in 2015, followed by cerebrovascular disease. Changes in total deaths ranged from a reduction of 25% for diarrheal diseases to an increase of about 42% for diabetes and tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer. Collective violence and legal intervention increased by 850% during the time period. Diet was the leading risk factor for disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for men compared to maternal malnutrition for females. Childhood undernutrition was the leading risk factor for DALYs in 1990 and 2005, but the second in 2015 after high blood pressure. Conclusions Our study shows that the region is facing several health challenges and calls for global efforts to stabilise the region and to address the current and future burden of disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00038-017-1017-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2017
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