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This research was conducted to examine the relationship and influence between CO2 emission variables, energy consumption, and renewable energy on economic growth in 6 countries in the Asia Pacific region, namely Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Japan, China, and South Korea. These countries have different levels of economic growth. Economic activities carried out in each country produce different externalities. Therefore, this research was conducted to examine the relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, renewable energy, and economic growth in 2014- 2020. The data used in this study were obtained from the World Bank and the Statistical Review of World Energy. The research was conducted using the panel data regression method with the fixed effect model (FEM) as the best model. The results of this study indicate that renewable energy, total energy consumption, and CO2 emissions have a significant effect on economic growth. Meanwhile, per capita energy consumption variable has no significant effect on economic growth. From the R-square value, all variables have a correlation of 99% and as much as 1% is explained by variables outside the study. Further suggestions from this research are the government and related agencies regarding environmental sustainability issues due to CO2 emissions which continue to increase energy consumption and is believed to hamper economic growth in 6 Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is an idea that examines the inverse “U” curve relationship between environmental degradation and economic development. This study contributes to analyzing the application of EKC hypothesis in G20 participating countries, as well as the relationship between the variables of gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI), population, and renewable energy on environmental degradation represented by ecological footprint variables in the same area by comparing the period before and after the implementation of the SDGs. This study uses the panel data regression method for the period 2011-2018, where data is obtained from the World Bank and the Global Footprint Network. The results show that from 2011-2018 the EKC hypothesis formed an inverted U-curve. This study also shows that before the SDGs (2015) the variables of GDP, FDI, population, and renewable energy had an effect on increasing the value of the ecological footprint. Meanwhile, after the implementation of the SDGs program, the variables of GDP, FDI, population, and renewable energy contributed to reducing the value of the ecological footprint, which indicated a decrease in people’s dependence on natural resources. Where the GDP variable has a positive and significant effect and the renewable energy variable has a negative and significant effect. While FDI and population variables have a positive but insignificant effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aim to analyze government expenditure, labor, GRDP, inflation and the unemployment rate to the investment level in D.I Yogyakarta. The data used were secondary data with cross section, consisting of 5 district/city in D.I Yogyakarta and time since 2006-2009. The analysis tool used in estimating the panel data regression model is the Fixed Effect Model. The result showed that simultaneously all the independent variables affect to the investment level. Partially, government expenditure, labor and inflation variabel do not have a significant effect on the investment level in D.I Yogyakarta. GRDP variable and the unemployment rate have a positive and significant effect on the investment level. The effect of the unemployment rate on the investment level is an interesting finding. The higher of the open unemployment rate, the more investors are interested in investing in the regeions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]