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In this manuscript, a new CPW-fed slot antenna with two band-notches for ultra-wideband communication systems is proposed. The antenna contains a trapezoid-shaped patch and a slotted ground plane. To achieve two notched bands, both of the inverted L-shaped strip and triangle-shaped element connecting to patch by via are used. The designed antenna is printed on an FR4 substrate with compact size of 20×27 mm². Moreover, the antenna has been successfully fabricated and measured, indicating extended impedance bandwidth (3-11.2 GHz, VSWR≤2) and dual bandnotched (3.2-3.9 GHz and 5-5.9 GHz) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, a new CPW-fed slot antenna with two band-notches for ultra-wideband communication systems is proposed. The antenna contains a trapezoid-shaped patch and a slotted ground plane. To achieve two notched bands, both of the inverted L-shaped strip and triangle-shaped element connecting to patch by a via are used. The designed antenna is printed on an FR4 substrate with compact size of 20×27 mm². Moreover, the antenna has been successfully fabricated and measured, indicating extended impedance bandwidth (3-11.2 GHz, VSWR=2) and dual band-notched (3.2-3.9 GHz and 5-5.9 GHz), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel UWB antenna with dual notched bands is presented. The antenna consists of a square patch and a ground plane with a Q-shaped slot, which increase the bandwidth from 2.7 GHz to 11.3 GHz. To achieve two bands stop, both Z-shaped slot on conductor backed plane and strip ended up a shorting pin are used. The designed antenna has a small size of 15 × 22 mm2 while indicating the band-stop performance in the frequency bands of 3.1 GHz to 3.8 GHz and 5.1 GHz to 6.1 GHz in order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe the association between duration of breastfeeding and an illness requiring a visit to a health care provider within the past 30 days (IRHP) among infants Methods: Participants were breastfeeding women who delivered at a birthing center in suburban Detroit, Michigan and women employed by a company in Omaha, Nebraska. Subjects were interviewed by telephone at 3,6,9, and 12 weeks postpartum and by mailed questionnaire at 6 months postpartum.Results: Of the 674 breastfeeding women, 233 (34.5%) reported an IRHP. An IRHP was more likely among infants attending daycare (RR = 1.60; 95% CI 1.30, 1.96). There was an interaction between duration of breastfeeding, the number of children in the household, and IRHP (p < 0.0001). For firstborn children, each additional week of breastfeeding decreased the likelihood of an IRHP by 4%. An increased duration of breastfeeding was not significantly protective against an IRHP for infants living with additional children in the household.Conclusions: Breastfeeding offers protection against an IRHP among firstborn children. Having additional children in the household or attending daycare outside of the home may diminish these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First-degree atrioventricular (AV) block (PR interval >200 ms) is commonly observed among screening electrocardiogram (ECG) in athletes. Profound first-degree AV block (PR interval >400 ms) and Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) second-degree AV block are generally uncommon and often require further workup on a case-by-case basis, particularly when there is concern for a structural cardiac abnormality. In this case, we present an example of an asymptomatic profound first-degree AV block with Mobitz type I (Wenckebach) second-degree AV block. Transthoracic echocardiogram and stress echocardiogram were unremarkable and the patient was cleared to participate in sports without any restriction. Physicians managing athletes should be aware of ECG features that require additional evaluation and cardiology consultation., Competing Interests: The authors report no potential conflicts of interest in the development and publication of this article.

The incidence of paediatric fractures among winter sport athletes is not adequately studied. Our objective was to categorize fractures that occurred in paediatric skiers and snowboarders at a single ski resort. X-rays of 756 skiers/snowboarders aged 3-17 diagnosed with a fracture were categorized using the Salter-Harris (SH) classification. SH fractures were seen in 158 (21%) patients, with 123 (77%) being Type II. There were no significant differences between patients with a SH fracture and patients with a non-SH fracture for age, sex, snowboarding or skiing, mechanism of injury, terrain or the resort conditions on the day of injury. The most common mechanism of injury was falling onto snow while collisions resulted in more severe injuries. Compared to fractures without growth plate involvement, a higher proportion of SH fractures were seen in the humerus, radius, fibula and thumb; a lower proportion of SH fractures were observed at the tibia and clavicle.

Visible knee deformity as a result of a sporting activity is rare; however, it can be caused by a serious injury and have catastrophic consequences. Differential diagnosis includes patellofemoral or knee dislocations, fractures, and tendon or ligament ruptures. Immediate diagnosis and appropriate management are key. Diagnosis can be made using available tools such as plain radiography, ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI. Depending on the type and severity of the diagnosis, urgent transportation to a higher level of care facility may be indicated. We present a gentleman in his 20s with knee dislocation as a result of a ski injury. His knee was reduced and he was transported to a hospital with surgical capability. He underwent surgery to stabilize his injury and then staged reconstruction for rupture of multiple ligaments., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Ebadi et al.)

Skiing and snowboarding are popular competitive and recreational sports that can be associated with significant injury. Previous studies of skiing and snowboarding injuries have been conducted, but studies evaluating injury types and patterns over long periods of time are needed to drive effective injury prevention efforts. We hypothesized that injury patterns would differ among snowboarders and skiers and that the number of injuries remained constant over time. This is a retrospective study of patients presenting with skiing or snowboarding injuries to the United States emergency departments from 2000 to 2019. A total of 34,720 injured skiers (48.0%) and snowboarders (52.0%) presented to US emergency departments over a 20-year period, representing an estimated 1,620,576 injuries nationwide. There is a decreasing trend of the number of injuries over the study period ( p =0.012). Males represented the majority (65.7%) of injuries. Skiers were older than snowboarders (mean 30.1 vs. 20.0 years; p <0.001) and patients aged<18 represented more snowboarding (57.0%) than skiing (43.0%) injuries ( p <0.001). Common diagnoses included fractures (33.0%) and sprains/strains (26.9%). Snowboarders primarily presented with upper extremity injuries, meanwhile, skiers primarily presented with lower extremity injuries. Most patients (93.2%), were treated and discharged from the emergency departments. Understanding the epidemiology of injuries presenting to emergency departments can help guide prehospital care and medical coverage allocation for resorts and event organizers, as well as identifying areas for targeted injury prevention efforts., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Background: The exact incidence of shoulder dislocation in the general population of the United States (US) has yet to be well studied., Purpose: To establish the current incidence and patterns of shoulder dislocations in the US, especially regarding sports-related activity., Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study., Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of shoulder dislocations encountered in emergency departments in the US between 1997 and 2021 as recorded in the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). Data were further analyzed according to patient age, sex, and sports participation. Information from the United States Census Bureau was used to determine the overall incidence of dislocations., Results: A total of 46,855 shoulder dislocations were identified in the NEISS database, representing a national estimate of 1,915,975 dislocations (mean 25.2 per 100,000 person-years). The mean patient age was 35.3 years. More than half of the dislocations (52.5%) were sports-related, and basketball (16.4%), American football (15.6%), and cycling (9%) were the sports most commonly associated with dislocation. Most dislocations (72.1%) occurred in men. This disparity by sex was more significant for sports-related dislocations (86.1% in men) than nonsports-related dislocations (56.7% in men; P < .001). With sports-related dislocations, people <21 years experienced a significantly higher proportion versus those >39 years (44.6% vs 14.9%; P < .001), while the opposite distribution was seen with nonsports-related dislocations (<21 years: 12% vs >39 years: 51.7%; P < .001). Women outnumbered men with shoulder dislocation among people >61 years., Conclusion: Sports-related shoulder dislocations were more common among younger and male individuals than older and female individuals. Contact sports such as basketball and American football were associated with more shoulder dislocations compared with noncontact sports., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that there are no conflicts of interest in the authorship and publication of this contribution. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Objectives: Hamstring injuries are the most common muscle injuries in team sports. The aims of this study were to describe the epidemiology of hamstring muscle injuries in the professional and amateur sport sections of a multi-sport club Football Club Barcelona (FCB) and to determine any potential correlation between return-to-play (RTP) and injury location, severity of connective tissue damage, age, sex, and athlete's level of competition., Methods: This descriptive epidemiological study with data collected from September 2007 to September 2017 stored in the FCB database. The study included non-contact hamstring injuries sustained during training or competition., Results: A total of 538 hamstring injuries were reported in the club's database, of which 240 were structurally verified by imaging as hamstring injuries. The overall incidence for the 17 sports studied was 1.29 structurally verified hamstring injuries per 100 athletes per year. The muscle most commonly involved in hamstring injuries was the biceps femoris, and the connective tissue most frequently involved was the myofascial. There was no evidence of a statistically significant association between age and RTP after injury, and no statistically significant difference between sex and RTP. However, the time loss by professionals was shorter than for amateurs, and proximal hamstring injuries took longer RTP than distal ones., Conclusion: In the 17 sports practiced at multi-sport club, the incidence of hamstring injury was 1.29 per 100 athletes per year. Players from sports in which high-speed sprinting and kicking are necessary, and amateurs, were at higher risk of suffering a hamstring injury. In addition, proximally located hamstring injuries involving tendinous connective tissue showed the longest RTP time. Age did not seem to have any influence on RTP. Documenting location and the exact tissue involved in hamstring injuries may be beneficial for determining the prognosis and RTP.

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Vascular complications are relatively rare following surgical fixation of midshaft clavicle fractures. Here, we report a case of a woman in her 30s presenting 10 years after right clavicular open reduction and internal fixation with revision 6 years prior with sudden and rapidly progressive neck swelling. Physical examination revealed a soft pulsating mass in her right supraclavicular fossa. Ultrasound and CT angiography of the head and neck showed a pseudoaneurysm of her right subclavian artery with a surrounding haematoma. She was admitted to the vascular surgery team for endovascular repair with stenting. Postoperatively, she developed arterial thrombi requiring thrombectomy (twice) and is now on lifelong anticoagulation. It is crucial to be aware of complications that can develop in patients with a history of clavicular fracture managed non-operatively or operatively even years later and highlights the importance of risk and benefit discussions and counselling., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Abstract: Athletes of all ages may be affected by medical and mental health issues. Sports medicine physicians should be familiar with common conditions that may affect the well-being of athletes, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD behaviors have the potential to affect a person's ability to concentrate. It is likely that social and cognitive therapies combined with pharmacotherapy will be the most effective way to treat ADHD in athletes. Medications used for ADHD, especially stimulant types, are known to improve alertness, reaction time, anaerobic performance, and endurance, which would potentially improve athletic performance. Furthermore, stimulant medications may enable student athletes with ADHD to focus on academic studies for longer periods of time, beyond usual levels of fatigue, important for those who may be exhausted after practices and games. The purported performance enhancement effects and potential adverse effects of stimulant medications have prompted many sports governing bodies to ban prescription stimulants or establish strict rules for their use. Athletes taking physician-prescribed stimulants to treat ADHD need to provide the appropriate documentation for approval before competition or risk punitive measures. Physicians should strive to provide a high quality of care to athletes with ADHD through early diagnosis, appropriate and careful multidisciplinary treatment, and complete and timely documentation to facilitate continued sports participation., Competing Interests: Dr Kane (American College of Sports Medicine Trustee) and Dr Street Callender (American Medical Society for Sports Medicine [AMSSM] Education Committee Co-Chair; American College of Sports Medicine Pronouncements Committee member) report an unpaid “leadership or fiduciary role in other board, society, committee, or advocacy group.” None of the remaining coauthors report any declarations or conflicts of interest. All authors have disclosed financial and other relevant conflicts of interest, if any, related to the research and written presentation of their work., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Skiing and snowboarding are popular winter sports with significant youth participation and inherent potential for injury. We investigated the relationship between age and injury characteristics exhibited by youth skiers and snowboarders., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated injury characteristics among youth skiers and snowboarders at a ski resort, examining the association between age and injury type. We compared injury characteristics among young children (aged 3-6 y), school-aged children (aged 7-14 y), and older adolescents (aged 15-17 y) using χ 2 , and examined predictive variables for injuries at different anatomical locations using logistic regression., Results: Compared with snowboarding, skiing was associated with greater odds of lower extremity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=6.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.89, 9.47, P<0.001) and head/face/neck (aOR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.21, P=0.002) injuries. Compared with skiing, snowboarding was associated with greater odds of upper extremity injury (aOR=5.9, 95% CI: 4.6, 7.6, P<0.001). Age group significantly affected injury mechanism (χ 2 [df=12, n=1129]=42.882, P<0.0001) and diagnosis (χ 2 [df=12, n=1129]=43.093, P<0.0001). Young child skiers had the highest proportion of injuries to the head/neck/face and lower extremities and a significantly higher proportion of collision injuries and fractures than older skiers. Young child skiers most frequently injured the lower leg/ankle, while older skiers most frequently injured the knee., Conclusions: Youth skiers exhibited predominately lower extremity injuries, while snowboarders exhibited predominately upper extremity injuries. Age significantly affected injury mechanism and injury diagnosis in youth skiers. Specifically, younger skiers tended to suffer more fractures and collision injuries than older youth skiers., (Copyright © 2022 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Abstract: Sport-related shoulder injuries, including disruptions to the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ), are common. An ACJ injury is classified by the degree and direction of the clavicle displacement. Although the diagnosis can be made clinically, standard radiographic views are important to determine the severity of the ACJ disruption and assess for concurrent injuries. The majority of ACJ injuries can be managed nonoperatively; however, surgical treatment is indicated in some cases. Long-term outcomes are generally favorable for most ACJ injuries, and athletes generally return to sport without functional limitations. This article provides an in-depth discussion regarding all aspects of ACJ injuries, including clinically relevant anatomy, biomechanics, evaluation, treatment, and complications., (Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

Background: Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are among the most common injuries in contact and non-contact sports. As winter sports become more popular, there has been an increase in shoulder injuries among recreational skiers and snowboarders., Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all patients who presented to the Denver Health Winter Park Medical Center with ACJ injury from 2012 to 2017. We examined the incidence of ACJ injuries, the injury mechanism, demographics, and type of ACJ injuries among skiers and snowboarders treated at the clinic., Results: A total of 341 ACJ injuries (6.7% of total visits) were encountered during the study period. The majority of ACJ injures were type I (41.3%) and mainly occurred in men (86.5%). Most (96.8%) of the cases were primary ACJ injuries on the right shoulder (56.9%). The average age of patients with ACJ injuries was 30.0 years (range 10-72). More than half (62.2%) of ACJ injuries occurred while snowboarding. The most common mechanism of injury (93.5%) was fall to the snow while skiing/snowboarding. Women were more likely to have a type I ACJ injury than men (80.4% vs 35.4%; P < 0.001). Women with ACJ injuries were more likely to suffer the injury while skiing than snowboarding (71.7% vs 28.3%; P < 0.001), compared to men who were more likely to suffer the injury while snowboarding than skiing (67.5% vs 32.5%; P < 0.001)., Conclusions: Most of the ACJ injuries were type I and occurred mostly in men. Snowboarders were more likely to have an ACJ injury than skiers., Level of Evidence: Level IV, Epidemeiology Study.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommend 2 documented doses of the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine for adequate measles, mumps, and rubella immunity for all children and most adults. Sometimes, individuals are asked to provide serologic proof of immunity to measles, mumps, and/or rubella for educational or employment purposes. In other instances, serologic testing may be used to help clarify whether an individual has immunity to measles, mumps, and/or rubella. These serologic tests may sometimes show negative or equivocal antibody titers to measles, mumps and/or rubella, raising the question of adequate immunity. This report provides practical guidance for clinicians on when to use serologic testing to determine measles, mumps, and rubella immunity., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None., (© Copyright by the American Board of Family Medicine.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Abstract: Glenohumeral joint (GHJ) dislocation is a relatively common injury. Anterior GHJ dislocations are divided into subcoracoid, subglenoid, subclavicular, and intrathoracic subtypes. The aim of this article is to review current GHJ dislocation classification and briefly discuss management of each type. Discrepancies and inaccuracies exist in regard to GHJ dislocation classification. We suggest adding a new subtype, "paraglenoid," to improve the current GHJ dislocation classification system. The paraglenoid subtype describes a portion of the subcoracoid anterior GHJ dislocation. GHJ dislocation is most often caused by force applied to the arm during a fall but also can be due to direct impact to the shoulder. Physical examination often reveals classic deformities, and thorough neurovascular examination is crucial. Radiographs should be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess for associated bony injuries. Numerous reduction techniques are described in the literature, with chosen method dependent on patient factors, provider experience, and GHJ dislocation type., (Copyright © 2022 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

Objective: Racket and paddle sports are popular worldwide. Although there are several epidemiologic studies on tennis, there are limited epidemiologic studies on injuries in badminton, squash, racquetball, table tennis, pickleball and other racket and paddle sports. We aimed to analyze acute racket and paddle sports injuries that presented to emergency departments., Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study; level of evidence 3., Setting: United States emergency departments (USEDs)., Methods: Data from National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) were queried to characterize racket and paddle sports-related (RPSR) injuries that presented to USEDs over a 10-year period., Results: From 2007 to 2016, there were 7,723 cases of racket and paddle sports-related (RPSR) injuries that presented to USEDs. This data provides a weighted estimate of 301,038 RPSR injuries in USEDs over the 10-year study period. The majority (60.3) of these injuries were in men. Men had a higher percentage of injuries of most body parts except the lower arm, wrist, and ankle. The mean age at the time of injury was 37 years. The highest percentage of sprains, strains, and lower extremity injuries occurred in athletes between ages 18-40 years. Between sports, table tennis had highest percentage of skin and internal organ injuries while badminton had the highest percentage of sprains, strains, fractures, and dislocations., Conclusion: This study is the largest nationally representative study of RPSR injuries to date. RPSR injuries are varied in their presentation based on age, sex, body location, and type of injury., Clinical Relevance: This study determined common RPSR injuries presenting to USEDs, their patterns, and severity over a 10-year period. Researchers and clinicians can begin to use this data for future research studies and may consider this early data in management decisions.

It is well established that physical activity reduces all-cause mortality and can prolong life. Ultra-endurance running (UER) is an extreme sport that is becoming increasingly popular, and comprises running races above marathon distance, exceeding 6 h, and/or running fixed distances on multiple days. Serious acute adverse events are rare, but there is mounting evidence that UER may lead to long-term health problems. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge regarding the potential long-term health problems derived from UER, specifically potential maladaptation in key organ systems, including cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal, renal, immunological, gastrointestinal, neurological, and integumentary systems. Special consideration is given to youth, masters, and female athletes, all of whom may be more susceptible to certain long-term health issues. We present directions for future research into the pathophysiological mechanisms that underpin athlete susceptibility to long-term issues. Although all body systems can be affected by UER, one of the clearest effects of endurance exercise is on the cardiovascular system, including right ventricular dysfunction and potential increased risk of arrhythmias and hypertension. There is also evidence that rare cases of acute renal injury in UER could lead to progressive renal scarring and chronic kidney disease. There are limited data specific to female athletes, who may be at greater risk of certain UER-related health issues due to interactions between energy availability and sex-hormone concentrations. Indeed, failure to consider sex differences in the design of female-specific UER training programs may have a negative impact on athlete longevity. It is hoped that this review will inform risk stratification and stimulate further research about UER and the implications for long-term health., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Abstract: Scholarly activity requirements for primary care sports medicine fellowship programs are increasing and the current Accreditation Council for Graduate Medicine Education (ACGME) expectations for fellows and core faculty are more demanding than those found in medicine residencies. A review of existing literature fails to identify any published guidelines on how to pursue scholarly activity within the sports medicine fellowship year. Such a deficiency may be critical for fellowship programs that are struggling to produce scholarship with a 1-year timeframe. This document intends to be a resource for all sports medicine fellowship programs by defining acceptable pieces of scholarly activity, delineating how a project may be completed during fellowship, and outlining avenues to educate others in the topic of choice. Adoption of this curriculum will guide fellows to meet ACGME-mandated scholarship requirements while assisting core faculty in meeting academic promotion criteria., (Copyright © 2022 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

Any case of a chronic nonhealing lesion of the face should include this condition in the differential.

Purpose: Exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH) is a well-known condition among endurance athletes at low altitudes. The incidence of EAH during ultramarathons at high altitudes warrants further investigation. This prospective observational study was conducted on the participants of the Leadville Trail 100 run, a 161- km race held at a high altitude (2,800 m-3,840 m)., Methods: Venous blood samples were collected before and immediately after the race. The participants completed an electronic survey after the race. Our main outcome measure was the post-race serum sodium ([Na+]) level., Results: Of the 672 athletes who started the race, 351 (52%) successfully completed the event within the 30- hour cut-off. Post-race blood samples were collected from 84 runners (66 finishers). Both pre- and post-race blood samples were collected from 37 participants. Twenty percent of the post-race participants had EAH. Only one post-race participant had a [Na+] level of &lt;130 mmol/L. All participants with EAH were asymptomatic. One participant had an abnormal pre-race [Na+] level (134 mmol/L). Female participants had a significantly higher rate of EAH than male participants (40% vs. 16%; p=0.039). Age, body mass index, weight changes, race completion status, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and urine specific gravity were not associated with the development of EAH. Lower postrace [Na+] levels were associated with higher serum creatine kinase values (R2=0.1, p<0.005)., Conclusion: High altitude (3,840 m peak) does not appear to enhance the incidence of EAH after an ultramarathon footrace. This suggests that ambient temperature (low temperatures reduce risk), sex (female predilection), endurance running, and overhydration are more prominent risk factors for EAH than high altitude.

Background: Although clavicle fractures are a common sports injury, there are limited studies on the incidence and causes of clavicle fractures among winter sports athletes., Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics and injury mechanisms associated with clavicle fractures among patients evaluated at a Colorado ski resort., Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study., Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive analysis of patients with clavicle fractures at the Denver Health Winter Park Medical Center during the 2012-2013 to 2016-2017 ski seasons. Chart review was performed on the patient cohort to confirm clavicle fracture diagnosis and to evaluate factors associated with clavicle fracture., Results: A total of 393 clavicle fractures (6.2% of total clinic visits) occurred during the study period, corresponding to an overall clavicle fracture incidence of 8.4 per 100,000 participant-visits. The mean patient age was 26.4 years (range, 5-73 years). The majority were middle-third fractures (85.5%), occurring mainly in men (87.3%). More than half of the fractures were comminuted (54.5%) and occurred in snowboarders (55.0%). The most common mechanism of injury was a fall onto snow while skiing or snowboarding (92.4%). Women sustained more clavicle fractures while skiing compared with snowboarding (82.0% vs 18.0%; P < .001), while men sustained more fractures while snowboarding compared with skiing (60.3% vs 39.7%; P < .001)., Conclusion: Clavicle fractures are relatively common, but there are scant incidence data for clavicle fractures in mountain sports. Consistent with prior studies, clavicle fractures were more common in younger patients and men. The most common anatomic fracture location was the midclavicle. A greater proportion of clavicle fractures among men were sustained during snowboarding and among women during skiing., Competing Interests: The authors declared that there are no conflicts of interest in the authorship and publication of this contribution. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto., (© The Author(s) 2021.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.