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1. Advances in automated tongue diagnosis techniques

Author

Marzia Hoque Tania, Khin Lwin, and Mohammed Alamgir Hossain

Subjects
Miscellaneous systems and treatments, RZ409.7-999
Abstract

Tongue diagnosis can be an effective, noninvasive method to perform an auxiliary diagnosis any time anywhere, which can support the global need in the primary healthcare system. This work reviews the recent advances in tongue diagnosis, which is a significant constituent of traditional oriental medicinal technology, and explores the literature to evaluate the works done on the various aspects of computerized tongue diagnosis, namely preprocessing, tongue detection, segmentation, feature extraction, tongue analysis, especially in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In spite of huge volume of work done on automatic tongue diagnosis (ATD), there is a lack of adequate survey, especially to combine it with the current diagnosis trends. This paper studies the merits, capabilities, and associated research gaps in current works on ATD systems. After exploring the algorithms used in tongue diagnosis, the current trend and global requirements in health domain motivates us to propose a conceptual framework for the automated tongue diagnostic system on mobile enabled platform. This framework will be able to connect tongue diagnosis with the future point-of-care health system. Keywords: Automated tongue diagnosis, Image processing, Machine learning, Mobile-enabled systems, Clinical decision support systems

Published
2019
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8. In vitro regeneration and transformation of Coleus forskohlii with glucanase-chitinase gene

Author

Khin Lwin, P. H. Gowda, S. Chandrashekar, T. K. Gowda, M. Vasundhara, N. Nagesha, U. Virupakshagouda, S. Sreenevasa, and T. Manjunatha

Abstract

Coleus forskohlii Briq. is a threatened medicinal plant was transformed with glucanase-chitinase gene along with npt-II gene. The transformants were obtained on MSO supplemented with 2 mg/l or 3 mg/l BAP and 0.2 mg/l 2,4-D for callus induction using leaf as explants. Multiple shoot production from the leaf-derived transformed callus of Coleus has been standardized using the various concentration of NAA with 2 mg/l BAP. The combination of 2 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA was found to be best for multiple shoot production. Rooting of the transformed shoots was found to be best on MS medium supplemented with 0.7 mg/l NAA. The presence of npt-II genes in the leaves of putative transformants was confirmed by PCR analysis. SDS-PAGE analysis and glucanase assay revealed the over expression of glucanase enzyme in the transgenic plants. The transgenic Coleus plants survived the infection caused by Fusarium chlamydosporium due to the accumulation of glucanase-chitinase enzyme, whereas control plants were susceptible to the disease.

Published
2006
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9. Acute abdomen secondary to rare yolk sac tumour

Author

Kiyoshi Choji, Christopher B-Lynch, Sally Ann Turner, Khin Lwin, and Hooman Soleymani Majd

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Abdominal pain, Ovariectomy, medicine.medical_treatment, Biopsy, Fine-Needle, Pelvic mass, Hysterectomy, Surgical Clearance, Laparotomy, medicine, Humans, Stage iib, Yolk sac, Referral and Consultation, Neoplasm Staging, Abdomen, Acute, Ovarian Neoplasms, Rupture, Spontaneous, business.industry, Endodermal Sinus Tumor, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer, General Medicine, medicine.disease, United Kingdom, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acute abdomen, Centralized Hospital Services, Lymph Node Excision, Female, Clinical Competence, medicine.symptom, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Omentum
Abstract

A 36-year-old woman presented unwell, with abdominal pain. A pelvic mass was found and being investigated but when she deteriorated and became peritonitic. An emergency laparotomy was performed and she required a pelvic clearance for a Stage IIB ovarian tumour, later confirmed as a yolk sac tumour. Accurate staging and tumour-reductive surgery strongly affects the prognosis of yolk sac tumours. Thus ability to perform a meticulous surgical clearance may well positively impact on the outcome for these young patients. This case describes the challenges that generalists will be faced with when highly suspicious cancer patients present as an emergency.

Published
2008
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10. MOESM7 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailand–Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, Rénia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 7. Adjusted odds for being HVUSqPCR positive stratified by household, random effects modelling by country. In Cambodia the initial model included resident (0/1), anemia (mild, moderate, none), fever (defined as a temperature >37.5 °C) at presentation* (0/1), history of fever (0/1), sex, age group (

11. MOESM7 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailand–Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, Rénia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 7. Adjusted odds for being HVUSqPCR positive stratified by household, random effects modelling by country. In Cambodia the initial model included resident (0/1), anemia (mild, moderate, none), fever (defined as a temperature >37.5 °C) at presentation* (0/1), history of fever (0/1), sex, age group (

12. MOESM4 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 4. The results of RDT, light microscopy, and HVUSqPCR in Cambodia, Thailand Myanmar border areas, and Vietnam (disaggregated by village).

13. MOESM1 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Parasite prevalence in 12 villages along the Thailandâ Myanmar border. The villages are sorted by parasite prevalence. The four villages with the highest prevalence were selected for more exhaustive studies.

14. MOESM2 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
parasitic diseases, 3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 2. Reasons why individuals were not included in the malaria surveys.

15. MOESM1 of The role of early detection and treatment in malaria elimination

Author

Landier, Jordi, Parker, Daniel, Aung Thu, Carrara, Verena, Khin Lwin, Bonnington, Craig, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Delmas, Gilles, and Franรงois Nosten

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 1. Supply list for opening a new malaria post, following the example of a 200-inhabitant community within METF programme. METF is operating in Eastern Myanmar, which is characterized by seasonal malaria with both P. falciparum and P. vivax parasites. In METF, MP use of consumables is assessed every week so that it can be restocked appropriately. MP data are checked and collected weekly by a supervisor, who then transmits using an SMS-based data reporting system where a phone-network service is available [18]. Quantity and type of supplies should be adapted to each setting according to malaria incidence rate and supply chain constraints, and following national malaria control programme guidelines and international recommendations. For example, RDT can be any RDT in the recommended procurement list of the WHO/GMP.

16. MOESM3 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
parasitic diseases, 3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 3. Study population characteristics in the malaria surveys (disaggregated by village).

17. MOESM5 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
parasitic diseases, 3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 5. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of RDTs and microscopy compared with HVUSqPCR species detection (disaggregated by village).

18. MOESM4 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 4. The results of RDT, light microscopy, and HVUSqPCR in Cambodia, Thailand Myanmar border areas, and Vietnam (disaggregated by village).

19. MOESM2 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
parasitic diseases, 3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 2. Reasons why individuals were not included in the malaria surveys.

20. MOESM5 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
parasitic diseases, 3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 5. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of RDTs and microscopy compared with HVUSqPCR species detection (disaggregated by village).

21. MOESM3 of The epidemiology of subclinical malaria infections in South-East Asia: findings from cross-sectional surveys in Thailandâ Myanmar border areas, Cambodia, and Vietnam

Author

Imwong, Mallika, Nguyen, Thuy, Rupam Tripura, Peto, Tom, Lee, Sue, Khin Lwin, Preyanan Suangkanarat, Atthanee Jeeyapant, Benchawan Vihokhern, Klanarong Wongsaen, Hue, Dao, Dong, Le, Tam-Uyen Nguyen, Lubell, Yoel, Seidlein, Lorenz, Mehul Dhorda, Cholrawee Promnarate, Snounou, Georges, Benoit Malleret, RĂŠnia, Laurent, Keereecharoen, Lilly, Singhasivanon, Pratap, Pasathorn Sirithiranont, Jem Chalk, Chea Nguon, Hien, Tran, Day, Nicholas, White, Nicholas, Dondorp, Arjen, and Francois Nosten

Subjects
parasitic diseases, 3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 3. Study population characteristics in the malaria surveys (disaggregated by village).

22. MOESM1 of The role of early detection and treatment in malaria elimination

Author

Landier, Jordi, Parker, Daniel, Aung Thu, Carrara, Verena, Khin Lwin, Bonnington, Craig, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Delmas, Gilles, and Franรงois Nosten

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 1. Supply list for opening a new malaria post, following the example of a 200-inhabitant community within METF programme. METF is operating in Eastern Myanmar, which is characterized by seasonal malaria with both P. falciparum and P. vivax parasites. In METF, MP use of consumables is assessed every week so that it can be restocked appropriately. MP data are checked and collected weekly by a supervisor, who then transmits using an SMS-based data reporting system where a phone-network service is available [18]. Quantity and type of supplies should be adapted to each setting according to malaria incidence rate and supply chain constraints, and following national malaria control programme guidelines and international recommendations. For example, RDT can be any RDT in the recommended procurement list of the WHO/GMP.

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