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5. Mapping of variations in child stunting, wasting and underweight within the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2000–2017

Author

Hemalatha, Rajkumar, Pandey, Anamika, Kinyoki, Damaris, Ramji, Siddarth, Lodha, Rakesh, Kumar, G. Anil, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Borghi, Elaine, Agrawal, Deepti, Gupta, Subodh S., Laxmaiah, Avula, Kar, Anita, Mathai, Matthews, Varghese, Chris M., Awasthi, Shally, Bansal, Priyanka G., Chakma, Joy K., Collison, Michael, Dwivedi, Supriya, Golechha, Mahaveer J., Gonmei, Zaozianlungliu, Jerath, Suparna G., Kant, Rajni, Khera, Ajay K., Krishnankutty, Rinu P., Kurpad, Anura V., Ladusingh, Laishram, Malhotra, Ridhima, Mamidi, Raja S., Manguerra, Helena, Mathew, Joseph L., Mutreja, Parul, Nimmathota, Arlappa, Pati, Ashalata, Purwar, Manorama, Radhakrishna, Kankipati V., Raina, Neena, Sankar, Mari J., Saraf, Deepika S., Schipp, Megan, Sharma, R.S., Shekhar, Chander, Sinha, Anju, Sreenivas, V., Reddy, K. Srinath, Bekedam, Hendrik J., Swaminathan, Soumya, Lim, Stephen S., Dandona, Rakhi, Murray, Christopher J.L., Hay, Simon I., Toteja, G.S., and Dandona, Lalit

Published
2020
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6. Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Kumar, G Anil, Shukla, D K, Paul, Vinod K, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Tandon, Nikhil, Salvi, Sundeep, Dash, A P, Nandakumar, A, Patel, Vikram, Agarwal, Sanjay K, Gupta, Prakash C, Dhaliwal, R S, Mathur, Prashant, Laxmaiah, Avula, Dhillon, Preet K, Dey, Subhojit, Mathur, Manu R, Afshin, Ashkan, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gething, Peter, Hay, Simon I, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Kyu, Hmwe, Lim, Stephen S, Naghavi, Mohsen, Roth, Gregory A, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Whiteford, Harvey, Chadha, Vineet K, Khaparde, Sunil D, Rao, Raghuram, Rade, Kirankumar, Dewan, Puneet, Furtado, Melissa, Dutta, Eliza, Varghese, Chris M, Mehrotra, Ravi, Jambulingam, P, Kaur, Tanvir, Sharma, Meenakshi, Singh, Shalini, Arora, Rashmi, Rasaily, Reeta, Anjana, Ranjit M, Mohan, Viswanathan, Agrawal, Anurag, Chopra, Arvind, Mathew, Ashish J, Bhardwaj, Deeksha, Muraleedharan, Pallavi, Mutreja, Parul, Bienhoff, Kelly, Glenn, Scott, Abdulkader, Rizwan S, Aggarwal, Ashutosh N, Aggarwal, Rakesh, Albert, Sandra, Ambekar, Atul, Arora, Monika, Bachani, Damodar, Bavdekar, Ashish, Beig, Gufran, Bhansali, Anil, Bhargava, Anurag, Bhatia, Eesh, Camara, Bilali, Christopher, D J, Das, Siddharth K, Dave, Paresh V, Dey, Sagnik, Ghoshal, Aloke G, Gopalakrishnan, N, Guleria, Randeep, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Subodh S, Gupta, Tarun, Gupte, M D, Gururaj, G, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Iyer, Veena, Jain, Sudhir K, Jeemon, Panniyamamkal, Joshua, Vasna, Kant, Rajni, Kar, Anita, Kataki, Amal C, Katoch, Kiran, Khanna, Tripti, Khera, Ajay, Kinra, Sanjay, Koul, Parvaiz A, Krishnan, Anand, Kumar, Avdhesh, Kumar, Raman K, Kumar, Rashmi, Kurpad, Anura, Ladusingh, Laishram, Lodha, Rakesh, Mahesh, P A, Malhotra, Rajesh, Mathai, Matthews, Mavalankar, Dileep, Mohan BV, Murali, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, G V S, Nair, Sanjeev, Nair, Sreenivas A, Nanda, Lipika, Nongmaithem, Romi S, Oommen, Anu M, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Pandya, Sapan, Parameswaran, Sreejith, Pati, Sanghamitra, Prasad, Kameshwar, Prasad, Narayan, Purwar, Manorama, Rahim, Asma, Raju, Sreebhushan, Ramji, Siddarth, Rangaswamy, Thara, Rath, Goura K, Roy, Ambuj, Sabde, Yogesh, Sachdeva, K S, Sadhu, Harsiddha, Sagar, Rajesh, Sankar, Mari J, Sharma, Rajendra, Shet, Anita, Shirude, Shreya, Shukla, Rajan, Shukla, Sharvari R, Singh, Gagandeep, Singh, Narinder P, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Anju, Sinha, Dhirendra N, Srivastava, R K, Srividya, A, Suri, Vanita, Swaminathan, Rajaraman, Sylaja, P N, Tandale, Babasaheb, Thakur, J S, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R, Thomas, Nihal, Tripathy, Srikanth, Varghese, Mathew, Varughese, Santosh, Venkatesh, S, Venugopal, K, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, Xavier, Denis, Yajnik, Chittaranjan S, Zachariah, Geevar, Zodpey, Sanjay, Rao, J V R Prasada, Vos, Theo, Reddy, K Srinath, Murray, Christopher J L, and Swaminathan, Soumya

Published
2017
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7. Low Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections among Children in the States of Chhattisgarh and Himachal Pradesh, India, 2018

Author

Campbell, Suzy J., primary, Shanmugasundaram, Devika, additional, Ganguly, Sandipan, additional, Sehgal, Rakesh, additional, Karmakar, Sumallya, additional, Sanga, Prerna, additional, Stephen, Hannah Nirmala, additional, Kaur, Hargobinder, additional, Kihara, Jimmy, additional, Minnery, Mark, additional, Nath, Srabani, additional, Sen, Shrabanti, additional, Bundy, Donald A., additional, Mishra, Neeraj, additional, Batra, Gunjan, additional, Shah, Hemang, additional, Balasubramaniam, Sudharsunam, additional, Dutta, Shanta, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, and Murhekar, Manoj, additional

Published
2023
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9. Evaluation of opportunities to implement community-wide mass drug administration for interrupting transmission of soil-transmitted helminths infections in India

Author

Aruldas, Kumudha, primary, Dawson, Kim, additional, Saxena, Malvika, additional, Titus, Angelin, additional, Johnson, Jabaselvi, additional, Gwayi-Chore, Marie-Claire, additional, Muliyil, Jayaprakash, additional, Kang, Gagandeep, additional, Walson, Judd L., additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, Ajjampur, Sitara S. R., additional, and Means, Arianna Rubin, additional

Published
2023
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10. Stillbirths: progress and unfinished business

Author

Flenady, Vicki, Frøen, J Frederik, Kinney, Mary V, de Bernis, Luc, Lawn, Joy E, Blencowe, Hannah, Heazell, Alexander, Leisher, Susannah Hopkins, Friberg, Ingrid K, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Pattinson, Robert C, Allanson, Emma R, McClure, Elizabeth M, Franco, Lynne, Goldenberg, Robert L, Pitt, Catherine, Islam, Monir, Khera, Ajay, Dhaliwal, Lakhbir, Aggarwal, Neelam, Raina, Neena, and Temmerman, Marleen

Published
2016
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17. Detection of diphtheritic polyneuropathy by acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, India

Author

Mateen, Farrah J., Bahl, Sunil, Khera, Ajay, and Sutter, Roland W.

Subjects
India -- Health aspects, Diphtheria -- Diagnosis, Polyneuropathies -- Diagnosis, Health surveys, Paralysis -- Diagnosis, Health
Abstract

Diphtheria is caused by toxin-producing strains of the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae and is spread by human-to-human contact (respiratory secretions and cutaneous lesions). Before the advent of vaccination with diphtheria toxoid [...]

Published
2013
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18. Lessons from implementation research on community management of Possible Serious Bacterial Infection (PSBI) in young infants (0-59 days), when the referral is not feasible in Palwal district of Haryana, India

Author

Mukhopadhyay, Rupak, primary, Arora, Narendra Kumar, additional, Sharma, Pradeep Kumar, additional, Dalpath, Suresh, additional, Limbu, Priya, additional, Kataria, Geetanjali, additional, Singh, Rakesh Kumar, additional, Poluru, Ramesh, additional, Malik, Yogesh, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, Prabhakar, P. K., additional, Kumar, Saket, additional, Gupta, Rakesh, additional, Chellani, Harish, additional, Aggarwal, Kailash Chander, additional, Gupta, Ratan, additional, Arya, Sugandha, additional, Aboubaker, Samira, additional, Bahl, Rajiv, additional, Nisar, Yasir Bin, additional, and Qazi, Shamim Ahmad, additional

Published
2021
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19. Hospital-based sentinel surveillance for bacterial meningitis in under-five children prior to the introduction of the PCV13 in India

Author

Jayaraman, Yuvaraj, primary, Veeraraghavan, Balaji, additional, Girish Kumar, C.P., additional, Sukumar, Bharathy, additional, Rajkumar, Prabu, additional, Kangusamy, Boopathi, additional, Verghese, Valsan Philip, additional, Varghese, Rosemol, additional, Jayaraman, Ranjith, additional, Kapoor, Ambujam Nair, additional, Gupta, Nivedita, additional, Kanagasabai, K., additional, David, Joseph K., additional, Rajaraman, Jayasri, additional, Sockalingam, Gowtham, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, Haldar, Pradeep, additional, Aggarwal, M.K., additional, Pillai, Rajamohanan K., additional, Manchanda, Vikas, additional, Theodore, Ramani Bai Joseph, additional, Rajahamsan, Jyothi, additional, Mohan, Girija, additional, Jayalekshmi, V., additional, Nedunchelian, Krishnamoorthy, additional, Devasena, N., additional, Sridharan, Sujatha, additional, Selvi, R., additional, Ravinder, T., additional, Narayana Babu, R., additional, Mathevan, G., additional, Sugumari, C., additional, Sugandhi Rao, P., additional, Kini, Pushpa G., additional, Dwibedi, Bhagirathi, additional, Kanga, Anil, additional, Grover, Neelam, additional, Narayanan, Harish, additional, and Mehendale, Sanjay M., additional

Published
2021
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21. Rotavirus mortality in India: estimates based on a nationally representative survey of diarrhoeal deaths/La mortalite du rotavirus en Inde: estimations fondees sur une enquete nationale representative des deces par diarrhee/La mortalidad por rotavirus en India: estimaciones basadas en una encuesta representativa a nivel nacional de muertes por diarrea

Author

Morris, Shaun K., Awasthi, Shally, Khera, Ajay, Bassani, Diego G., Kang, Gagandeep, Parashar, Umesh D., Kumar, Rajesh, Shet, Anita, Glass, Roger I., and Jha, Prabhat

Subjects
Vaccination -- Research, Viral diarrhea -- Causes of, Rotavirus infections -- Prevention -- Complications and side effects, Children -- Death, Health
Abstract

Objective To estimate the number of rotavirus-associated deaths among Indian children younger than five years. Methods We surveyed more than 23000 child deaths from a nationally representative survey of 1.1 million Indian households during 2001-2003. Diarrhoeal deaths were characterized by region, age and sex and were combined with the proportion of deaths attributable to rotavirus, as determined by hospital microbiologic data collected by the Indian Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network from December 2005 to November 2007. Rotavirus vaccine efficacy data from clinical trials in developing countries were used to estimate the number of deaths preventable by a national vaccination programme. Data were analysed using Stata SE version 10. Findings Rotavirus caused an estimated 113 000 deaths (99% confidence interval, CI: 86 000-155 000); 50% (54 700) and 75% (85 400) occurred before one and two years of age, respectively. One child in 242 died from rotavirus infection before five years of age. Rotavirus-associated mortality rates overall, among girls and among boys were 4.14 (99% CI: 3.14-5.68), 4.89 (99% CI: 3.75-6.79) and 3.45 (99% CI: 2.58-4.66) deaths per 1000 live births, respectively. Rates were highest in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, which together accounted for > 50% of deaths (64 400) nationally. Rotavirus vaccine could prevent 41 000-48 000 deaths among children aged 3-59 months. Conclusion The burden of rotavirus-associated mortality is high among Indian children, highlighting the potential benefits of rotavirus vaccination. Objectif Estimer le nombre de deces associes au rotavirus chez les enfants indiens de moins de cinq ans. Methodes Nous avons examine plus de 23 000 deces d'enfants sur la base d'une enquete representative au niveau national de 1,1 million de foyers indiens durant la periode 2001-2003. Les deces par diarrhee etaient classes par region, age et sexe, ainsi que correles a la proportion de deces attribuables au rotavirus, tels que determines par les donnees microbiologiques hospitalieres collectees par le reseau de surveillance indien de la souche du rotavirus de decembre 2005 a novembre 2007. Les donnees d'efficacite du vaccin contre le rotavirus provenant d'essais cliniques realises dans les pays en developpement ont ete utilisees pour estimer le nombre de deces evitables par un programme national de vaccination. Les donnees ont ete analysees a l'aide de Stata SE version 10. Resultats Le rotavirus a cause environ 113 000 deces (intervalle de confiance, IC de 99%: 86 000 a 155 000), 50% (54 700) et 75% (85 400) d'entre eux survenaient respectivement avant l'age d'un an et de deux ans. Un enfant sur 242 est mort d'une infection par le rotavirus avant l'age de cinq ans. Les taux de mortalite associes au rotavirus etaient, dans I'ensemble, parmiles filies et les garcons, de 4,14 deces (IC de 99%: 3,14-5,68), 4,89 (IC de 99%: 3,75-6,79) et 3,45 (IC de 99%: 2,.58-4,66) pour 1 000 naissances vivantes, respectivement. Les taux etaient les plus eleves dans le Bihar, l'Uttar Pradesh et le Madhya Pradesh, representant au total, a l'echelle nationale, plus de 50% des deces (64 400). Le vaccin contre le rotavirus pourrait eviter 41 000 a 48 000 deces chez les enfants ages de 3 a 59 mois. Conclusion L'impact de la mortalite associee au rotavirus est eleve chez les enfants indiens, soulignant les avantages potentiels d'une vaccination contre le rotavirus. [TEXT NOT REPRODUCIBLE IN ASCII.] Objetivo Calcular el numero de muertes asociadas al rotavirus entre ninos indios menores de cinco anos. Metodos Estudiamos mas de 23 000 muertes de nitros procedentes de una encuesta representativa a nivel nacional sobre 1,1 millon de hogares indios durante 2001-2003. Las muertes por diarrea se caracterizaron por region, edad y sexo y se c ombinaron con la proporcion de muertes atribuibles al rotavirus, como determinaron los datos microbiologicos hospitalarios recogidos por la Red india de vigilancia de la cepa del rotavirus (Indian Rotavirus Strain Surveillance Network) desde diciembre de 2005 hasta noviembre de 2007. Los datos acerca de la eficacia de la vacuna contra el rotavirus de ensayos clinicos en paises en vias de desarrollo se emplearon para calcular el numero de muertes prevenibles por medio de un programa de vacunacion nacional. Los datos se analizaron mediante Stata SE version 10. Resultados EI rotavirus causo aproximadamente 113 000 muertes (99% intervalo de confianza, IC: 86 000-155 000); el 50% (54 700) y el 75% (85 400) sucedio antes del primer y segundo ano de edad, respectivamente. Un nino de cada 242 fallecio debido a una infeccion por rotavirus antes de I legar a los cinco anos de edad. Las rasas generales de mortalidad asociadas con el rotavirus entre ninos y entre ninas fueron de 4,14 (99% IC: 3,14-5,68), 4,89 (99% IC: 3,75-6,79) y 3,45 (99% IC: 2,58-4,66) muertes por 1000 nacidos vivos, respectivamente. Las tasas mas altas se dieron en Bihar, Uttar Pradesh y Madhya Pradesh, que en conjunto integraron mas del 50% de las muertes (64 400) a nivel nacional. La vacuna contra el rotavirus podria prevenir 41 000-48 000 muertes entre ninos de entre 3 y 59 meses. Conclusion La carga de la mortalidad asociada con el rotavirus es mayor entre los ninos indios, y resalta los beneficios potenciales de la vacuna contra el rotavirus., Introduction Diarrhoeal diseases are a major cause of hospitalizations and child deaths globally. Together they account for approximately one in six deaths among children younger than five years. (1) Of [...]

Published
2012
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22. The Effects of a Single Freeze-Thaw Cycle on Concentrations of Nutritional, Noncommunicable Disease, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Serum Samples

Author

Abraham, Ransi Ann, additional, Rana, Garima, additional, Agrawal, Praween K., additional, Johnston, Robert, additional, Sarna, Avina, additional, Ramesh, Sowmya, additional, Acharya, Rajib, additional, Khan, Nizamuddin, additional, Porwal, Akash, additional, Kurundkar, Sucheta Banerjee, additional, Pandey, Arvind, additional, Pullakhandam, Raghu, additional, Nair, Krishnapillai Madhavan, additional, Kumar, Geeta Trilok, additional, Sachdev, HPS, additional, Kapil, Umesh, additional, Deb, Sila, additional, Wagt, Arjan de, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, and Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy, additional

Published
2021
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23. Subnational mapping of under-5 and neonatal mortality trends in India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 2000–17

Author

Dandona, Rakhi, Kumar, G Anil, Henry, Nathaniel J, Joshua, Vasna, Ramji, Siddarth, Gupta, Subodh S, Agrawal, Deepti, Kumar, Rashmi, Lodha, Rakesh, Mathai, Matthews, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Pandey, Anamika, Wang, Haidong, Sinha, Anju, Hemalatha, Rajkumar, Abdulkader, Rizwan S, Agarwal, Vivek, Albert, Sandra, Biswas, Atanu, Burstein, Roy, Chakma, Joy K, Christopher, DJ, Collison, Michael, Dash, AP, Dey, Sagnik, Dicker, Daniel, Gardner, William, Glenn, Scott D, Golechha, Mahaveer J, He, Yihua, Jerath, Suparna G, Kant, Rajni, Kar, Anita, Khera, Ajay K, Kinra, Sanjay, Koul, Parvaiz A, Krish, Varsha, Krishnankutty, Rinu P, Kurpad, Anura V, Kyu, Hmwe H, Laxmaiah, Avula, Mahanta, Jagadish, Mahesh, PA, Malhotra, Ridhima, Mamidi, Raja S, Manguerra, Helena, Mathew, Joseph L, Mathur, Manu R, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mukhopadhyay, Satinath, Murthy, GVS, Mutreja, Parul, Nagalla, Balakrishna, Nguyen, Grant, Oommen, Anu M, Pati, Ashalata, Pati, Sanghamitra, Perkins, Samantha, Prakash, Sanjay, Purwar, Manorama, Sagar, Rajesh, Sankar, Mari J, Saraf, Deepika S, Shukla, DK, Shukla, Sharvari R, Singh, Narinder P, Sreenivas, V, Tandale, Babasaheb, Thankappan, Kavumpurathu R, Tripathi, Manjari, Tripathi, Suryakant, Tripathy, Srikanth, Troeger, Christopher, Varghese, Chris M, Varughese, Santosh, Watson, Stefanie, Yadav, Geetika, Zodpey, Sanjay, Reddy, K Srinath, Toteja, GS, Naghavi, Mohsen, Lim, Stephen S, Vos, Theo, Bekedam, Hendrik J, Swaminathan, Soumya, Murray, Christopher JL, Hay, Simon I, Sharma, RS, Dandona, Lalit, and Burden, India State-Level Dis

Subjects
Male, Inequality, Sanitation, Total fertility rate, media_common.quotation_subject, India, wa_395, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Article, Global Burden of Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Infant Mortality, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, media_common, Neonatal mortality, Mortality rate, Infant, Newborn, wa_900, Infant, General Medicine, wa_320, Child mortality, Geography, Annual percentage rate, Child, Preschool, Child Mortality, Female, ws_440, Demography
Abstract

Summary Background India has made substantial progress in improving child survival over the past few decades, but a comprehensive understanding of child mortality trends at disaggregated geographical levels is not available. We present a detailed analysis of subnational trends of child mortality to inform efforts aimed at meeting the India National Health Policy (NHP) and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) targets for child mortality. Methods We assessed the under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) and neonatal mortality rate (NMR) from 2000 to 2017 in 5 × 5 km grids across India, and for the districts and states of India, using all accessible data from various sources including surveys with subnational geographical information. The 31 states and groups of union territories were categorised into three groups using their Socio-demographic Index (SDI) level, calculated as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study on the basis of per-capita income, mean education, and total fertility rate in women younger than 25 years. Inequality between districts within the states was assessed using the coefficient of variation. We projected U5MR and NMR for the states and districts up to 2025 and 2030 on the basis of the trends from 2000 to 2017 and compared these projections with the NHP 2025 and SDG 2030 targets for U5MR (23 deaths and 25 deaths per 1000 livebirths, respectively) and NMR (16 deaths and 12 deaths per 1000 livebirths, respectively). We assessed the causes of child death and the contribution of risk factors to child deaths at the state level. Findings U5MR in India decreased from 83·1 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 76·7–90·1) in 2000 to 42·4 (36·5–50·0) per 1000 livebirths in 2017, and NMR from 38·0 (34·2–41·6) to 23·5 (20·1–27·8) per 1000 livebirths. U5MR varied 5·7 times between the states of India and 10·5 times between the 723 districts of India in 2017, whereas NMR varied 4·5 times and 8·0 times, respectively. In the low SDI states, 275 (88%) districts had a U5MR of 40 or more per 1000 livebirths and 291 (93%) districts had an NMR of 20 or more per 1000 livebirths in 2017. The annual rate of change from 2010 to 2017 varied among the districts from a 9·02% (95% UI 6·30–11·63) reduction to no significant change for U5MR and from an 8·05% (95% UI 5·34–10·74) reduction to no significant change for NMR. Inequality between districts within the states increased from 2000 to 2017 in 23 of the 31 states for U5MR and in 24 states for NMR, with the largest increases in Odisha and Assam among the low SDI states. If the trends observed up to 2017 were to continue, India would meet the SDG 2030 U5MR target but not the SDG 2030 NMR target or either of the NHP 2025 targets. To reach the SDG 2030 targets individually, 246 (34%) districts for U5MR and 430 (59%) districts for NMR would need a higher rate of improvement than they had up to 2017. For all major causes of under-5 death in India, the death rate decreased between 2000 and 2017, with the highest decline for infectious diseases, intermediate decline for neonatal disorders, and the smallest decline for congenital birth defects, although the magnitude of decline varied widely between the states. Child and maternal malnutrition was the predominant risk factor, to which 68·2% (65·8–70·7) of under-5 deaths and 83·0% (80·6–85·0) of neonatal deaths in India could be attributed in 2017; 10·8% (9·1–12·4) of under-5 deaths could be attributed to unsafe water and sanitation and 8·8% (7·0–10·3) to air pollution. Interpretation India has made gains in child survival, but there are substantial variations between the states in the magnitude and rate of decline in mortality, and even higher variations between the districts of India. Inequality between districts within states has increased for the majority of the states. The district-level trends presented here can provide crucial guidance for targeted efforts needed in India to reduce child mortality to meet the Indian and global child survival targets. District-level mortality trends along with state-level trends in causes of under-5 and neonatal death and the risk factors in this Article provide a comprehensive reference for further planning of child mortality reduction in India. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; and Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.

Published
2020

25. Characterisation of the types of anaemia prevalent among children and adolescents aged 1–19 years in India: a population-based study

Author

Sarna, Avina, primary, Porwal, Akash, additional, Ramesh, Sowmya, additional, Agrawal, Praween K, additional, Acharya, Rajib, additional, Johnston, Robert, additional, Khan, Nizamuddin, additional, Sachdev, H P S, additional, Nair, K Madhavan, additional, Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy, additional, Abraham, Ransi, additional, Deb, Sila, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, and Saxena, Renu, additional

Published
2020
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26. Comparison of hemoglobin concentrations measured by HemoCue and a hematology analyzer in Indian children and adolescents 1‐19 years of age

Author

Abraham, Ransi Ann, primary, Agrawal, Praween K., additional, Johnston, Robert, additional, Ramesh, Sowmya, additional, Porwal, Akash, additional, Sarna, Avina, additional, Acharya, Rajib, additional, Khan, Nizamuddin, additional, Sachdev, Harshpal Singh, additional, Kapil, Umesh, additional, Saxena, Renu, additional, Janmohamed, Amynah, additional, Wagt, Arjan, additional, Deb, Sila, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, and Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy, additional

Published
2020
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27. The burden of child and maternal malnutrition and trends in its indicators in the states of India: the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2017

Author

Swaminathan, Soumya, primary, Hemalatha, Rajkumar, additional, Pandey, Anamika, additional, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, additional, Laxmaiah, Avula, additional, Longvah, Thingnganing, additional, Lodha, Rakesh, additional, Ramji, Siddarth, additional, Kumar, G Anil, additional, Afshin, Ashkan, additional, Gupta, Subodh S, additional, Kar, Anita, additional, Khera, Ajay K, additional, Mathai, Matthews, additional, Awasthi, Shally, additional, Rasaily, Reeta, additional, Varghese, Chris M, additional, Millear, Anoushka I, additional, Manguerra, Helena, additional, Gardner, William M, additional, Sorenson, Reed, additional, Sankar, Mari J, additional, Purwar, Manorama, additional, Furtado, Melissa, additional, Bansal, Priyanka G, additional, Barber, Ryan, additional, Chakma, Joy K, additional, Chalek, Julian, additional, Dwivedi, Supriya, additional, Fullman, Nancy, additional, Ginnela, Brahmam N, additional, Glenn, Scott D, additional, Godwin, William, additional, Gonmei, Zaozianlungliu, additional, Gupta, Rachita, additional, Jerath, Suparna G, additional, Kant, Rajni, additional, Krish, Varsha, additional, Kumar, Rachakulla H, additional, Ladusingh, Laishram, additional, Meshram, Indrapal I, additional, Mutreja, Parul, additional, Nagalla, Balakrishna, additional, Nimmathota, Arlappa, additional, Odell, Christopher M, additional, Olsen, Helen E, additional, Pati, Ashalata, additional, Pickering, Brandon, additional, Radhakrishna, Kankipati V, additional, Raina, Neena, additional, Rankin, Zane, additional, Saraf, Deepika, additional, Sharma, R S, additional, Sinha, Anju, additional, Varanasi, Bhaskar, additional, Shekhar, Chander, additional, Bekedam, Hendrik J, additional, Reddy, K Srinath, additional, Lim, Stephen S, additional, Hay, Simon I, additional, Dandona, Rakhi, additional, Murray, Christopher J L, additional, Toteja, G S, additional, and Dandona, Lalit, additional

Published
2019
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28. Research priorities in Maternal, Newborn, & Child Health & Nutrition for India: An Indian Council of Medical Research-INCLEN Initiative

Author

Arora, Narendra K, Swaminathan, Soumya, Mohapatra, Archisman, Gopalan, Hema S, Katoch, Vishwa M, Bhan, Maharaj K, Rasaily, Reeta, Shekhar, Chander, Thavaraj, Vasantha, Roy, Malabika, Das, Manoja K, Wazny, Kerri, Kumar, Rakesh, Khera, Ajay, Bhatla, Neerja, Jain, Vanita, Laxmaiah, Avula, Nair, M K C, Paul, Vinod K, Ramachandran, Prema, Ramji, Siddharth, Vaidya, Umesh, Verma, I C, Shah, Dheeraj, Bahl, Rajiv, Qazi, Shamim, Rudan, Igor, and Black, Robert E

Subjects
Child health, research priority setting, Biomedical Research, newborn health, Health Priorities, Maternal Health, Infant, Newborn, India, Nutritional Status, Child Health & Nutrition Research Initiative, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health and Nutrition, nutrition, INCLEN, Pregnancy, Journal Article, Humans, Female, Indian Council of Medical Research, Child, Special Report
Abstract

In India, research prioritization in Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health and Nutrition (MNCHN) themes has traditionally involved only a handful of experts mostly from major cities. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-INCLEN collaboration undertook a nationwide exercise engaging faculty from 256 institutions to identify top research priorities in the MNCHN themes for 2016-2025. The Child Health and Nutrition Research Initiative method of priority setting was adapted. The context of the exercise was defined by a National Steering Group (NSG) and guided by four Thematic Research Subcommittees. Research ideas were pooled from 498 experts located in different parts of India, iteratively consolidated into research options, scored by 893 experts against five pre-defined criteria (answerability, relevance, equity, investment and innovation) and weighed by a larger reference group. Ranked lists of priorities were generated for each of the four themes at national and three subnational (regional) levels [Empowered Action Group & North-Eastern States, Southern and Western States, & Northern States (including West Bengal)]. Research priorities differed between regions and from overall national priorities. Delivery domain of research which included implementation research constituted about 70 per cent of the top ten research options under all four themes. The results were endorsed in the NSG meeting. There was unanimity that the research priorities should be considered by different governmental and non-governmental agencies for investment with prioritization on implementation research and issues cutting across themes.

Published
2017

32. Effect of temperature and time delay in centrifugation on stability of select biomarkers of nutrition and non-communicable diseases in blood samples

Author

Abraham, Ransi Ann, primary, Agrawal, Praween K., additional, Acharya, Rajib, additional, Sarna, Avina, additional, Ramesh, Sowmya, additional, Johnston, Robert, additional, de Wagt, Arjan, additional, Khan, Nizamuddin, additional, Porwal, Akash, additional, Kurundkar, Sucheta Banerjee, additional, Pandey, Arvind, additional, Pullakhandam, Raghu, additional, Nair, Krishnapillai Madhavan, additional, Kumar, Geeta Trilok, additional, Sachdev, H P S, additional, Kapil, Umesh, additional, Saxena, Renu, additional, Deb, Sila, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, and Ramakrishnan, Lakshmy, additional

Published
2019
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33. India’s RMNCH+A Strategy: approach, learnings and limitations

Author

Taneja, Gunjan, primary, Sridhar, Vegamadagu Suryanarayana-Rao, additional, Mohanty, Jaya Swarup, additional, Joshi, Anurag, additional, Bhushan, Pranav, additional, Jain, Manish, additional, Gupta, Sachin, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, Kumar, Rakesh, additional, and Gera, Rajeev, additional

Published
2019
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36. India: Health of the Nation's States - The India State-level Disease Burden Initiative

Author

Hay, Simon Iain, Abdulkader, Rizwan S., Ashkan Afshin, Agarwal, Sanjay K., Aggarwal, Ashutosh N., Aggarwal, Rakesh, Anurag Agrawal, Albert, Sandra, Ambekar, Atul, Anjana, Ranjit M., Arora, Monika, Narendra K. Arora, Arora, Rashmi, Shally Awasthi, Damodar Bachani, Balakrishnan, Kalpana, Anup Barman, Baruah, Kalpana, Bavdekar, Ashish, Shahina Begum, Gufran Beig, Bhansali, Anil, Deeksha Bhardwaj, Anurag Bhargava, Eesh Bhatia, Bienhoff, Kelly, Brooker, Simon, Chadha, Vineet, Chakma, Joy Kumar, H.K. Chaturvedi, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chopra, Arvind, D.J. Christopher, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Shyamashree Das, Siddharth K. Das, A.P. Dash, Puneet Dewan, Sagnik Dey, Subhojit Dey, R.S. Dhaliwal, A.C. Dhariwal, Dhillon, Preet K., Dhingra, Neeraj, Dikshit, Rajesh, Dutta, Eliza, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Furtado, Melissa, Gakidou, Emmanuela, P. Gangadharan, Parthasarathi Ganguly, Gething, Peter, Alakendu Ghosh, Ghosh, Raj S., Ghoshal, Aloke G., Glenn, Scott, Saurabh Goel, N. Gopalakrishnan, Randeep Guleria, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, R.K. Das Gupta, Subodh S. Gupta, Gupta, Tarun, M.D. Gupte, G. Gururaj, S. Harikrishnan, N.K. Hase, Hay, Simon I., Hota, Manoranjan, Iyer, Harish, Iyer, Veena, Saurabh Jain, Jain, Sudhir K., P. Jambulingam, K.S. James, M.S. Jawahar, P. Jeemon, Jose, Jacob, P.L. Joshi, Tushar K. Joshi, Vasna Joshua, Juneja, Atul, Kannan, Ravi, Kant, Lalit, Kant, Rajni, Kapil, Umesh, Kar, Anita, Chittaranjan Kar, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Kataki, Amal C., Katoch, Kiran, Kaur, Tanvir, Khanna, Tripti, Khaparde, Sunil D., Khasnobis, Pradeep, Khera, Ajay, Kinra, Sanjay, Parvaiz A. Koul, Krishnan, Anand, Kumar, Anil, Avdhesh Kumar, G. Anil Kumar, Kumar, Raman K., Kumar, Rashmi, R. Vijai Kumar, Kumar, Sanjiv, Sathish Kumar, Kumar, Sunil, Anura V. Kurpad, Hmwe H. Kyu, Laishram Ladusingh, Lal, Shiv, Avula Laxmaiah, Lim, Stephen S., Lobo, Derek, Lodha, Rakesh, Thingnganing Longvah, Madala, Jayaram, P.A. Mahesh, Malhotra, Rajesh, Matthews Mathai, Mathew, Ashish J., Mathew, Joseph L., Mathur, Manu R., Mathur, Prashant, Dileep Mavalankar, Mehendale, Sanjay, Mehrotra, Ravi, Menon, Geetha R., Mohamed, Ahmed J., B.V. Murali Mohan, Mukherjee, Ajit, Satinath Mukhopadhyay, Muraleedharan, Pallavi, Murhekar, Manoj, Murray, Christopher J.L., G.V.S. Murthy, Mutreja, Parul, Naghavi, Mohsen, Nitish Naik, Nair, Sanjeev, Saritha Nair, Sreenivas A. Nair, Lipika Nanda, A. Nandakumar, Nongmaithem, Romi S., Oommen, Anu M., Pandey, Arvind, Pandey, Rajendra, Jeyaraj D. Pandian, Sapan Pandya, Sreejith Parameswaran, Patel, Vikram, Sanghamitra Pati, Paul, Vinod K., C. Ponnuraja, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Kameshwar Prasad, Prasad, Narayan, Purwar, Manorama, Kirankumar Rade, Rahi, Manju, Rahim, Asma, Raina, Neena, Sreebhushan Raju, Siddarth Ramji, Thara Rangaswamy, Paturi V. Rao, Raghuram Rao, Rasaily, Reeta, Goura K. Rath, H.K.T. Raza, K. Srinath Reddy, Reiner, Robert C., C.R. Revankar, Roth, Gregory A., Rout, Sarit K., Ambuj Roy, Roy, Nupur, Sabde, Yogesh, K.S. Sachdeva, Harsiddha Sadhu, Sagar, Rajesh, Damodar Sahu, Sundeep Salvi, Parag Sancheti, Sankar, Mari J., Dipika Saraf, Sarmukaddam, Sanjeev B., Selvaraj, Sakthivel, P.K. Sen, Seshadri, Suresh, B. Sesikeran, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajendra, Ravendra K. Sharma, R.S. Sharma, Shekhar, Chander, Shet, Anita, D.K. Shukla, Shukla, Rajan, Sharvari R. Shukla, Gagandeep Singh, Jitenkumar Singh, Singh, Lucky, Singh, Manjula, Singh, Narinder P., Singh, Neeru, Singh, Shalini, Virendra Singh, Sinha, Anju, Dhirendra N. Sinha, V. Sreenivas, R.K. Srivastava, P.K. Srivastava, A. Srividya, Stanaway, Jeffrey D., R. Sujatha, Dipika Sur, Suri, Vanita, Rajaraman Swaminathan, Soumya Swaminathan, L. Swasticharan, P.N. Sylaja, Babasaheb Tandale, Tandon, Nikhil, J.S. Thakur, Kavumpurathu R. Thankappan, Thomas, Nihal, G.S. Toteja, Suryakant Tripathi, Srikanth Tripathy, K. Vaitheeswaran, Valecha, Neena, Varghese, Chris M., Varughese, Santosh, S. Venkatesh, K. Venugopal, Vijayakumar, Lakshmi, R.N. Visweswara, Vos, Theo, Haidong Wang, Whiteford, Harvey, Williams, Joan E., Xavier, Denis, Geetika Yadav, Chittaranjan S. Yajnik, Geevar Zachariah, and Zodpey, Sanjay

Published
2017
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37. Factors associated with the decline in under-five diarrhea mortality in India: a LiST analysis.

Author

Choudhary, Tarun Shankar, Sinha, Bireshwar, Khera, Ajay, Bhandari, Nita, Chu, Yue, Jackson, Bianca, Walker, Neff, Black, Robert E, Merson, Michael, and Bhan, Maharaj Kishan

Abstract

Background: India has achieved 86% reduction in the number of under-five diarrheal deaths from 1980 to 2015. Nonetheless diarrhea is still among the leading causes of under-five deaths. The aim of this analysis was to study the contribution of factors that led to decline in diarrheal deaths in the country and the effect of scaling up of intervention packages to address the remaining diarrheal deaths.Methods: We assessed the attribution of different factors and intervention packages such as direct diarrhea case management interventions, nutritional factors and WASH interventions which contributed to diarrhea specific under-five mortality reduction (DSMR) during 1980 to 2015 using the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). The potential impact of scaling up different packages of interventions to achieve universal coverage levels by year 2030 on reducing the number of remaining diarrheal deaths were estimated.Results: The major factors associated with DSMR reduction in under-fives during 1980 to 2015, were increase in ORS use, reduction in stunting prevalence, improved sanitation, changes in age appropriate breastfeeding practices, increase in the vitamin-A supplementation and persistent diarrhea treatment. ORS use and reduction in stunting were the two key interventions, each accounting for around 32% of the lives saved during this period. Scaling up the direct diarrhea case management interventions from the current coverage levels in 2015 to achieve universal coverage levels by 2030 can save around 82 000 additional lives. If the universal targets for nutritional factors and WASH interventions can be achieved, an additional 23 675 lives can potentially be saved.Conclusions: While it is crucial to improve the coverage and equity in ORS use, an integrated approach to promote nutrition, WASH and direct diarrhea interventions is likely to yield the highest impact on reducing the remaining diarrheal deaths in under-five children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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38. The World Health Organization Measles Programmatic Risk Assessment Tool—Pilot Testing in India, 2014

Author

Goel, Kapil, Naithani, Saroj, Bhatt, Dheeraj, Khera, Ajay, Sharapov, Umid M., Kriss, Jennifer L., Goodson, James L., Laserson, Kayla F., Goel, Parul, Kumar, R. Mohan, and Chauhan, L. S.

Subjects
Geography, Immunization Programs, Incidence, Measles Vaccine, Vaccination, India, Infant, Pilot Projects, World Health Organization, Risk Assessment, Article, United States, Disease Outbreaks, Child, Preschool, Population Surveillance, Humans, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S, Disease Eradication, Child, Measles
Abstract

Measles is a leading cause of child mortality, and reduction of child mortality is a key Millennium Development Goal. In 2014, the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed a measles programmatic risk assessment tool to support country measles elimination efforts. The tool was pilot tested in the State of Uttarakhand in August 2014 to assess its utility in India. The tool assessed measles risk for the 13 districts of Uttarakhand as a function of indicator scores in four categories: population immunity, surveillance quality, program delivery performance, and threat. The highest potential overall score was 100. Scores from each category were totaled to assign an overall risk score for each district. From this risk score, districts were categorized as low, medium, high, or very high risk. Of the 13 districts in Uttarakhand in 2014, the tool classified one district (Haridwar) as very high risk and three districts (Almora, Champawat, and Pauri Garhwal) as high risk. The measles risk in these four districts was largely due to low population immunity from high MCV1-MCV2 drop-out rates, low MCV1 and MCV2 coverage, and the lack of a supplementary immunization activity (SIA) within the past three years. This tool can be used to support measles elimination in India by identifying districts that might be at risk for measles outbreaks, and to guide risk mitigation efforts, including strengthening routine immunization services and implementing SIAs.

Published
2016

40. Stillbirths: progress and unfinished business

Author

Frøen, J Frederik, primary, Friberg, Ingrid K, additional, Lawn, Joy E, additional, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, additional, Pattinson, Robert C, additional, Allanson, Emma R, additional, Flenady, Vicki, additional, McClure, Elizabeth M, additional, Franco, Lynne, additional, Goldenberg, Robert L, additional, Kinney, Mary V, additional, Leisher, Susannah Hopkins, additional, Pitt, Catherine, additional, Islam, Monir, additional, Khera, Ajay, additional, Dhaliwal, Lakhbir, additional, Aggarwal, Neelam, additional, Raina, Neena, additional, Temmerman, Marleen, additional, Frøen, J Frederik, additional, de Bernis, Luc, additional, Blencowe, Hannah, additional, and Heazell, Alexander, additional

Published
2016
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49. The World Health Organization Measles Programmatic Risk Assessment Tool-Pilot Testing in India, 2014.

Author

Goel, Kapil, Naithani, Saroj, Bhatt, Dheeraj, Khera, Ajay, Sharapov, Umid M., Kriss, Jennifer L., Goodson, James L., Laserson, Kayla F., Goel, Parul, Kumar, R. Mohan, and Chauhan, L. S.

Subjects
MEASLES, CHILD mortality, IMMUNITY
Abstract

Measles is a leading cause of child mortality, and reduction of child mortality is a key Millennium Development Goal. In 2014, the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed a measles programmatic risk assessment tool to support country measles elimination efforts. The tool was pilot tested in the State of Uttarakhand in August 2014 to assess its utility in India. The tool assessed measles risk for the 13 districts of Uttarakhand as a function of indicator scores in four categories: population immunity, surveillance quality, program delivery performance, and threat. The highest potential overall score was 100. Scores from each category were totaled to assign an overall risk score for each district. From this risk score, districts were categorized as low, medium, high, or very high risk. Of the 13 districts in Uttarakhand in 2014, the tool classified one district (Haridwar) as very high risk and three districts (Almora, Champawat, and Pauri Garhwal) as high risk. The measles risk in these four districts was largely due to low population immunity from high MCV1-MCV2 drop-out rates, low MCV1 and MCV2 coverage, and the lack of a supplementary immunization activity (SIA) within the past three years. This tool can be used to support measles elimination in India by identifying districts that might be at risk for measles outbreaks, and to guide risk mitigation efforts, including strengthening routine immunization services and implementing SIAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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