Search

Background: Psychiatric disorders are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes both for mother and child. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and related demographic risk factors of psychiatric symptoms among the pregnant women in Babol City. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five private and public obstetrics clinics of Babol city. During routine appointments of prenatal care, 176 pregnant women filled in three questionnaires including; sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburg Prenatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25). Wilcoxon test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to interpret the data. Results: The prevalence of depressive disorders was 15.4 for Edinburg scores ≥13. The overall rate of maternal psychiatric symptoms (global severity index or GSI scores ≥ 1.75) was 48.5. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high; for 25 somatization, 258 anxiety, obsession-compulsion disorders or OCD 6.4, 8.8 interpersonal sensitivity, 5.3 phobia, 7.6 paranoid ideation, and 1.2 psychoticism. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that pregnant women with history of abortion in previous pregnancy were at risk of depressive symptoms more (β=3.18, CI 1.28-7.93, p=0.01) than those without history of abortion. Also, the only demographic factor related to psychiatric symptoms was the age of pregnant women; younger age was associated with higher symptom levels for GSI ((r=-0.17). Conclusion: The high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, in pregnant women highlights the need for continued research on screening, identifying the risk factors, and developing effective treatments for mental disorders in pregnant women.

Background: Even though pregnant women commonly experience poor sleep quality during pregnancy, the role of sleep quality in psychological problems is still unclear. This study was carried out to determine the associations between poor sleep quality in the third trimester of pregnancy and the psychological distress among Iranian primiparous women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 primiparous women who attended prenatal care centers in Babol, Iran, in 2019. The sleep quality and the psychological status of the pregnant women were measured with Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) and Symptom CheckList-90 (SCL-90), respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association(s) between independent, dependent, and control confounding variables. Results: Poor sleep quality was found in 74% of the participants. Poor sleep quality was not associated with psychological distress (the total score of SCL-90-R). Compared with women with good sleep quality, women with poor sleep quality were more likely to have hostility (adjusted OR = 2.51; CI = 1.13, 5.55), somatization (adjusted OR = 4.31; CI = 1.96, 9.47), and less paranoid (OR = 0.22; CI = 0.11, 0.44) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Conclusion: It is suggested that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with subscales of SCL-90 (hostility and somatization, paranoid) during the third trimester. Thus, further research on the topic is needed.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrine diseases and one of the major causes of mental retardation in children. So we aimed to evaluate the developmental outcome of children with CH. Methods: This case-control study was performed on two 3-6-year-old groups of 100 patients. The case group was children with CH, referred to Endocrine Clinic of Amirkola Childrenchr('39')s Hospital (2011-2017) and the control group was healthy children and normal from other states. The Denver developmental screening test-II (DDSTII) was used to assess the developmental factors and disorders in four areas of gross motor, fine motor, personal-social and language. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 using descriptive statistics, t-test and chi-square, and a p

BACKGROUND: Infertility is one of the main concerns in women's lives that may lead to psychological imbalance and disrupt their sexual relationship. The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating role of mental health in prediction of sexual function in infertile women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This analytic-descriptive study was conducted in 2015–2016 in 424 infertile women referring to Fatemeh Zahraa Infertility and Reproductive Health Center, Babol, Iran. The participants filled out the Female Sexual Function Index (α = 0.72–0.90), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28, α = 0.86), and demographics questionnaires. Linear regression used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The mean of total GHQ was 23.57 ± 12.06. The highest mean of GHQ subscales was social dysfunction (8.68 ± 3.69). There was a negative association between GHQ with the overall sexual function of infertile women (r = −0.397, P < 0.0001). The higher mental health disorder was associated with lower sexual function. Furthermore, there was an inverse significant association between all the subscales of mental health and sexual function. Based on the multiple linear regression analysis, the variables of anxiety and sleep disorder (β = −0.143, P < 0.035), social dysfunction (β= −0.139, P < 0.003), depression symptoms (β = −0.121, P < 0.046), sexual intercourse frequency (β = 0.272, P < 0.0001), and educational level (β = −0.110, P < 0.016) were the significant predictors of perceived sexual dysfunction after adjusting for other variables. The strongest predictor of the GHQ subscale was anxiety and sleep disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Undesirable conditions of mental health and its adverse effects on sexual function and also other predictors emphasize the need to develop more effective screening and supportive strategies with the help of the psychologists.

Background: Psychiatric disorders are associated with poor pregnancy outcomes both for mother and child. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and related demographic risk factors of psychiatric symptoms among the pregnant women in Babol City. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in five private and public obstetrics clinics of Babol city. During routine appointments of prenatal care, 176 pregnant women filled in three questionnaires including; sociodemographic questionnaire, Edinburg Prenatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Symptom Checklist-25 (SCL-25). Wilcoxon test, Spearman correlation, and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to interpret the data. Results: The prevalence of depressive disorders was 15.4%% for Edinburg scores =13. The overall rate of maternal psychiatric symptoms (global severity index or GSI scores = 1.75) was 48.5%. The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was high; for 25% somatization, 258% anxiety, obsession-compulsion disorders or OCD 6.4%, 8.8% interpersonal sensitivity, 5.3% phobia, 7.6% paranoid ideation, and 1.2% psychoticism. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that pregnant women with history of abortion in previous pregnancy were at risk of depressive symptoms more (β=3.18, CI 1.28-7.93, p=0.01) than those without history of abortion. Also, the only demographic factor related to psychiatric symptoms was the age of pregnant women; younger age was associated with higher symptom levels for GSI ((r=-0.17). Conclusion: The high prevalence of psychiatric symptoms, especially depressive symptoms, in pregnant women highlights the need for continued research on screening, identifying the risk factors, and developing effective treatments for mental disorders in pregnant women.

Background: One of the important factors involved in a successful marriage during reproductive age is marital commitment. The aim of this study was to find which factors predict marital commitment during reproductive age in Iranian married women. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was performed on married women. Adams and Jones' Dimensions of Commitment Inventory (DCI) were used to assess marital commitment. In addition, their current mental health was assessed using General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The socioeconomic status of the participants was calculated based on household income, employment status, and education level. A total of 160 married women, who were between 15-49 years of age and were from six districts of Babol, were selected using a systematic random sampling method. Stepwise multiple regressions were used to determine the effect of independent variables on marital commitment. Results: The results of multiple regression showed that general health, the duration of marriage, and the economic status with standard beta coefficients of (-0.324), (-0.259), and (0.173) had the highest regression effect on marital commitment, respectively. These variables accounted for a total of 33% of the distribution of marital commitment. Conclusion: These findings suggest that general health, economic status, and the duration of marriage are predicable variables for marital commitment. It is necessary to emphasize the benefit of improving general health and economic status in increasing the degree of marital commitment, especially among women with longer duration of marriage.

Background: Major depressive disorder is a severe, heterogeneous, common medical illness and a leading cause of disability throughout the world that poses a significant public health issue. Previous studies have shown rapid antidepressant effects following a single administration of ketamine. This study aimed to assess the impact of route of administration and dose of ketamine for the reduction of depressive symptoms and compare the effects of different doses and methods. Methods: A double-blind clinical controlled trial was done on 100 patients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder who were assigned into two groups of 50 subjects at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg and 0.75 mg/kg ketamine and each group was divided into two groups of 25 subjects following a single dose of intravenous bolus and infusion of ketamine. The patient’s severity of depression was evaluated with Hamillton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory scores after 2 days, 7 days, 30 days and 60 days of ketamine administration, then the results were compared between groups. Results: According to Hamilton and Beck score, the treatment response in investigated patients was 64% and 60%, respectively. Conclusions: These data suggest that ketamine effect is related to drug dose and type of administration. The dose of 0.75 mg/kg of ketamine is more effective than 0.5 mg/kg and a bolus injection of low-dose ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) is more effective than infusion and in high-dose ketamine (0.75 mg/kg), there was no difference between the methods of drug administration.

Background: The role of psychological factors in peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and functional dyspepsia (FD) has not been clearly determined. In this study the role of conflict management styles, psychiatric symptoms, and alexithymia were assessed in patients with PUD and FD and in the healthy individuals. Methods: Ninety subjects [30 PUD (15 women, 15 men), 30 FD (15 women, 15 men), and 30 healthy individuals (15 women, 15 men)] in two endoscopy wards of Babol University of Medical Sciences were evaluated. Three groups were matched with regard to demographic variables. Conflict management styles, psychiatric symptoms, and alexithymia were evaluated by appropriate questionnaires. Results: The patients with PUD reported less mean scores on psychiatric symptoms than the FD patients (depression 12.6±7.5 vs 28±9.5, anxiety 8.2±5.9 vs 18.7±6. obsessive-compulsive disorder 15.7±7.5 vs 21.8±8.4, interpersonal sensitivity 9.5±7.4 vs 16±7, psychoticism 8.03±4.5 vs 14.3±6.3, somatization 12.5±10.8 vs 20.7±8.1, and the total score of psychiatric symptoms 94.4±49.9 vs 160.1±46.6). The mean scores use of unconstructive conflict management styles in PUD patients were lower than FD (dominating 17.7±3.5 vs 20.2±2.7, avoiding 17.5±3 vs 23.8±4.4). Alexithymia symptoms were higher in FD patients than PUD individuals (difficulty in identifying feelings 23.5±6.3 vs 27.8±3.9, difficulty in describing feeling 16.5±4.4 vs 17.3±3.6). The PUD and FD patients had higher scores regarding these variables than the healthy subjects. Conclusion: The results show that both PUD and FD patients experienced more psychiatric symptoms, unconstructive conflict management styles, and alexithymia than the healthy subjects. FD patients had worse psychiatric problems than PUD.

Background: Testosterone may be an important factor causing depression in the elderly men. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between testosterone levels and depressive symptoms in older men in Amirkola, Iran. Methods: This cross- sectional study is a part of the Amirkola Health and Aging Project (AHAP) that involves people aged 60 and above living in Amirkola, a small town in northern Iran. The testosterone levels were measured using ELISA on morning blood samples (ngr / ml) and depressive symptoms were identified using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The data were collected and analyzed. Results: Eight hundred thirty elderly men with the mean age of 70.02±7.7 years were included. On the basis of GDS criteria, 593 individuals had no depressive symptoms and 237 had at least one of these symptoms. The mean serum testosterone level in men without symptoms of depression (4.94±4.22) ngr/ml and was higher than in those with such symptoms (4.19±3.65) ngr/ml (P=0.011). Also, there was a significant inverse correlation between the testosterone levels and number of depressive symptoms (P=0.015, r=-0.084). After adjusting with age and educational levels, and living alone (OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.17-5.82, P=0.02), testosterone levels (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.03-2.72, P=0.038) had the greatest impact on the development of depression. Conclusion: The results of this study showed a significant inverse relationship between serum testosterone levels and depressive symptoms in elderly men.