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In the codal method of design, a steel building is constructed from structural steel sections and are created using the basis code prescriptive guidelines. The Performance of the buildings cannot be controlled during such a design process. In steel construction, the desired performance can be attained by selecting the appropriate section. Nowadays steel structure is a popular type of structure in many nations and its financial as well. It is essential to research the seismic behavior of structures in different zones that are designed by code guidelines. This review also focuses on the different platforms, and methodologies to be used by researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three-dimensional roof truss' structural design and analysis must take into account the five key objectives of utility, economy, efficiency, safety, and aesthetics. The paper compares the weight and effectiveness of constructions made of tubular and angle sections. For a 60 m straight truss and curved section, analysis and design are carried out step-by-step using STAAD-PRO software while accounting for all loads and load combinations. The findings are compared and validated in order to demonstrate that the tubular construction is more cost-effective than the steel structure as the weight of the angle section is greater than that of the tubular section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the sustainable development it is paramount needed to apply concept of green buildings (GBs). Green buildings not only save nature to a great extent but also save the inhabitants by providing a healthy environment to live in. Various technologies have been developed to deal with the different difficulties the construction industry is encountering, there is still no systematic review for modifying existing building into green building. Green Building Rating System criteria will aid in the conservation of environment and ecosystems, the creation of a market for green products and services, the improvement of occupant health and comfort, the improvement of air and water quality, and the improvement of quality of life. In this review paper green building rating systems (GBRSs) were included. The scope of green building, quantification of green building, benefits compared to conventional structures, various related aspects such as Electricity consumption, water and waste treatment were accessed for long-term environmental, social, and sustainable economy. The concept of green construction is also studied to minimize the impact of conventional buildings and to conserve resources for future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]