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3. Changing Indications for Penetrating Keratoplasty in Bahrain in a Tertiary Referral Centre

Author

Al-Yousuf N, Al Alawi E, Mahmood A, Alzayani A, Al Sawad H, Alsetri H, Al-Mousawi J, Ali K, Al Khayat M, and Naser R

Subjects
keratoconus, bullous keratopathies, corneal graft, indications, cornea transplant, trachoma, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Nada Al-Yousuf,1 Ebtisam Al Alawi,2 Abdulhameed Mahmood,3 Amani Alzayani,4 Hajer Al Sawad,4 Hasan Alsetri,5 Jalal Al-Mousawi,6 Khatoon Ali,4 Maryam Al Khayat,4 Reem Naser4 1Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulla Medical City, Manama, Bahrain; 2The Eye Center, Manama, Bahrain; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain; 5Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 6Al-Mousawi Specialist Center, Manama, BahrainCorrespondence: Nada Al-YousufDepartment of Ophthalmology, King Abdulla Medical City, P.O. Box 26671, Adliya, BahrainTel +973 77310071Fax +973 77310001Email nyousuf10@gmail.comPurpose: To study the changing indications for Penetrating keratoplasty in Bahrain and to compare them with published data.Patients and Methods: A Retrospective review of available records of patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty at a tertiary center in Bahrain (1996− 2015). The trend of each indication was analyzed. The study was subdivided into three periods for correlation purposes. Pearson Coefficient r and the p values were used for interpretation of data. The results were compared with similar studies.Results: A total of 298 patients underwent keratoplasty in the study period, which is from 1996 until 2015 (missing data 2009– 2011). Keratoconus was found to be the leading indication, accounting for 33% of the total cases, followed by trachoma 27%, followed by aphakic and pseudophakic bullous keratopathies 13%. Trachoma showed a statistically significant decreasing trend (p < 0.001), Keratoconus had an increasing trend (p< 0.001). Bullous keratopathy showed an increasing trend (p = 0.001) with an abrupt rise after 2012.Conclusion: Corneal scarring due to old trachoma was the leading indication for keratoplasty 20 years ago in Bahrain. However, due to improvement of health awareness, hygiene, and the socioeconomic status, this has regressed with keratoconus becoming the leading indication from 2002 onwards. A surge of bullous keratopathy was noted after 2012, placing it as the second commonest indication. This may be due to the introduction of phacoemulsification technique for cataract surgery, and perhaps because the nature of the institute being a teaching hospital. Keratoconus is the leading indication and showed an increasing trend. It is recommended to perform a keratoconus screening program for early detection and prevention.Keywords: keratoconus, bullous keratopathies, corneal graft, indications, cornea transplant, trachoma

Published
2021

4. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Hypoglycemia Association During Fasting in Ramadan Among Patients with Diabetes

Author

Mansouri D, Khayat E, Khayat M, Aboawja M, Aseeri A, Banah F, Alsiary K, Rammal LA, Almalki AD, and Hasaballah M

Subjects
glycemic control, insulin, medication, metformin, sulphonylure., Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Deyaa Mansouri,1 Ebtehal Khayat,2 Mohannad Khayat,3 Muteb Aboawja,4 Areej Aseeri,5 Faisal Banah,6 Khulood Alsiary,7 Lama Abdulaziz Rammal,7 Adel D Almalki,8 Mohammed Hasaballah9 1Hera General Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia; 2Joint Program of Family Medicine, Mecca, Saudi Arabia; 3Joint Program of Community Medicine, Mecca, Saudi Arabia; 4King Faisal Medical City, Abha, Saudi Arabia; 5King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 6Armed Hospital Southen Rigon, KhamisMushait, Saudi Arabia; 7King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 8King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 9King Faisal Hospital, Mecca, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Deyaa MansouriHera General Hospital, Mecca, Saudi ArabiaEmail dr_deyaa@hotmail.comPurpose: The study aims to assess current practices of patients with diabetes to control blood glucose levels during Ramadan.Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional approach has been used for collecting data through a structured and interview-based questionnaire to assess the association between self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and hypoglycemia. The questionnaire has recorded information about demographics, duration of diabetes, and treatment of diabetes, and hypoglycemia complications faced during Ramadan. The primary outcomes of this study include frequency of SMBG during fasting in Ramadan and association of SMBG and hypoglycemia and break of fasting. However, the secondary outcomes include medications, glycemic control, and other influencing factors. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results: The findings have shown that the majority of the patients used a combination of metformin+sulphonylurea (23.02%) following metformin+insulin (20.86%), insulin (12.94%), and metformin (8.63%). Whereas diet control, high or low blood sugar, insulin dose adjustment in fasting conditions were the most influential factors during Ramadan when the blood sugar levels were tested. Majority of the patients monitored their blood glucose level during pre-iftar (56.8%) following to hypoglycemia (30.2%), post-iftar (29.4%), and rarely monitored in afternoon (3.5%) despite that only 10.1% monitored their blood glucose on a daily basis. Patients who had symptoms of hypoglycemia and had to break their fasting at least once were 41% and 27.2%, respectively. There is a significant association between age and gender with symptoms of low blood sugar level. Additionally, a significant association between blood sugar monitoring and high blood sugar level has been shown (p=0.041), indicating that lack in daily blood sugar monitoring can increase the blood sugar level of a patient during Ramadan.Conclusion: The present study has helped in providing better understanding about the self-monitoring of blood glucose level and hypoglycemia. Furthermore, it also emphasizes the pre-Ramadan education about when to break their fasting along with frequency and timing of SMBG.Keywords: glycemic control, insulin, medication, metformin, sulphonylurea

Published
2020

5. Virtual Compton Scattering and the Generalized Polarizabilities of the Proton at Q^2=0.92 and 1.76 GeV^2

Author

Fonvieille, H., Laveissiere, G., Degrande, N., Jaminion, S., Jutier, C., Todor, L., Di Salvo, R., Van Hoorebeke, L., Alexa, L. C., Anderson, B. D., Aniol, K. A., Arundell, K., Audit, G., Auerbach, L., Baker, F. T., Baylac, M., Berthot, J., Bertin, P. Y., Bertozzi, W., Bimbot, L., Boeglin, W. U., Brash, E. J., Breton, V., Breuer, H., Burtin, E., Calarco, J. R., Cardman, L. S., Cavata, C., Chang, C. -C., Chen, J. -P., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Dale, D. S., deJager, C. W., De Leo, R., Deur, A., d'Hose, N., Dodge, G. E., Domingo, J. J., Elouadrhiri, L., Epstein, M. B., Ewell, L. A., Finn, J. M., Fissum, K. G., Fournier, G., Frois, B., Frullani, S., Furget, C., Gao, H., Gao, J., Garibaldi, F., Gasparian, A., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, A., Glashausser, C., Gomez, J., Gorbenko, V., Grenier, P., Guichon, P. A. M., Hansen, J. O., Holmes, R., Holtrop, M., Howell, C., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Incerti, S., Iodice, M., Jardillier, J., Jones, M. K., Kahl, W., Kato, S., Katramatou, A. T., Kelly, J. J., Kerhoas, S., Ketikyan, A., Khayat, M., Kino, K., Kox, S., Kramer, L. H., Kumar, K. S., Kumbartzki, G., Kuss, M., Leone, A., LeRose, J. J., Liang, M., Lindgren, R. A., Liyanage, N., Lolos, G. J., Lourie, R. W., Madey, R., Maeda, K., Malov, S., Manley, D. M., Marchand, C., Marchand, D., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Marroncle, J., Martino, J., McCormick, K., McIntyre, J., Mehrabyan, S., Merchez, F., Meziani, Z. E., Michaels, R., Miller, G. W., Mougey, J. Y., Nanda, S. K., Neyret, D., Offermann, E. A. J. M., Papandreou, Z., Pasquini, B., Perdrisat, C. F., Perrino, R., Petratos, G. G., Platchkov, S., Pomatsalyuk, R., Prout, D. L., Punjabi, V. A., Pussieux, T., Quemener, G., Ransome, R. D., Ravel, O., Real, J. S., Renard, F., Roblin, Y., Rowntree, D., Rutledge, G., Rutt, P. M., Saha, A., Saito, T., Sarty, A. J., Serdarevic, A., Smith, T., Smirnov, G., Soldi, K., Sorokin, P., Souder, P. A., Suleiman, R., Templon, J. A., Terasawa, T., Tieulent, R., Tomasi-Gustaffson, E., Tsubota, H., Ueno, H., Ulmer, P. E., Urciuoli, G. M., Vanderhaeghen, M., Van der Meer, R. L. J., Van De Vyver, R., Vernin, P., Vlahovic, B., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Watson, J. W., Weinstein, L. B., Wijesooriya, K., Wilson, R., Wojtsekhowski, B. B., Zainea, D. G., Zhang, W. -M., Zhao, J., and Zhou, Z. -L.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Virtual Compton Scattering (VCS) on the proton has been studied at Jefferson Lab using the exclusive photon electroproduction reaction (e p --> e p gamma). This paper gives a detailed account of the analysis which has led to the determination of the structure functions P_LL-P_TT/epsilon and P_LT, and the electric and magnetic generalized polarizabilities (GPs) alpha_E(Q^2) and beta_M(Q^2) at values of the four-momentum transfer squared Q^2= 0.92 and 1.76 GeV^2. These data, together with the results of VCS experiments at lower momenta, help building a coherent picture of the electric and magnetic GPs of the proton over the full measured Q^2-range, and point to their non-trivial behavior., Comment: version 2: modified according to PRC Editor's and Referee's recommendations. Archival paper for the E93-050 experiment at JLab Hall A. 28 pages, 23 figures, 5 cross-section tables. To be submitted to Phys.Rev.C

Published
2012
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11. Mechanistic analysis of Zein nanoparticles/PLGA triblock in situ forming implants for glimepiride

Author

Ahmed OAA, Zidan AS, and Khayat M

Subjects
Glimepiride, Zein, Nanoparticles, Quality by design, In-situ implants, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Osama Abdelhakim Aly Ahmed,1,2 Ahmed Samir Zidan,1,3 Maan Khayat4 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; 4Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Objectives: The study aims at applying pharmaceutical nanotechnology and D-optimal fractional factorial design to screen and optimize the high-risk variables affecting the performance of a complex drug delivery system consisting of glimepiride–Zein nanoparticles and inclusion of the optimized formula with thermoresponsive triblock copolymers in in situ gel. Methods: Sixteen nanoparticle formulations were prepared by liquid–liquid phase separation method according to the D-optimal fractional factorial design encompassing five variables at two levels. The responses investigated were glimepiride entrapment capacity (EC), particle size and size distribution, zeta potential, and in vitro drug release from the prepared nanoparticles. Furthermore, the feasibility of embedding the optimized Zein-based glimepiride nanoparticles within thermoresponsive triblock copolymers poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactide-co-glycolide) in in situ gel was evaluated for controlling glimepiride release rate. Results: Through the systematic optimization phase, improvement of glimepiride EC of 33.6%, nanoparticle size of 120.9 nm with a skewness value of 0.2, zeta potential of 11.1 mV, and sustained release features of 3.3% and 17.3% drug released after 2 and 24 hours, respectively, were obtained. These desirability functions were obtained at Zein and glimepiride loadings of 50 and 75 mg, respectively, utilizing didodecyldimethylammonium bromide as a stabilizer at 0.1% and 90% ethanol as a common solvent. Moreover, incorporating this optimized formulation in triblock copolymers-based in situ gel demonstrated pseudoplastic behavior with reduction of drug release rate as the concentration of polymer increased. Conclusion: This approach to control the release of glimepiride using Zein nanoparticles/triblock copolymers-based in situ gel forming intramuscular implants could be useful for improving diabetes treatment effectiveness. Keywords: glimepiride, Zein, nanoparticles, quality by design, in situ implants

Published
2016

14. Detection of Stress among Workers in a Cement Factory

Author

El-Khayat M, Ibrahim K, H Zayet, Ezzeldien A, and Mohamed A

Subjects
business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Physical hazard, Cement factory, 030210 environmental & occupational health, Work environment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Stress (linguistics), Absenteeism, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Occupational stress, business, Psychosocial, Welfare, media_common
Abstract

Introduction: Stress is one of the most important work-related psychological health problems. Occupational stress is defined as harmful physical and emotional responses incurred in work environment. Recently, researches focused more on the impact of the psychosocial work environment on health more than physical hazards in the workplace. As a lot of economic problems can result from mental problems among workers such as raising absenteeism, decrease productivity, expensive treatment and labor compensation claims. Aim of work: To study the stress condition among workers in a cement factory in Upper Egypt, and to detect vulnerable workers for stress. Materials and methods:A cross-sectional study was performed included 86 workers from main four departments (quarry, production, packing and maintenance). Pre-designed questionnaire was answered, including personal and occupational histories and specific questions to assess stress; extracted from Job Stress Questionnaire (JSQ), which was created in a study specially made by Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Persons with a total score for physical stress response of 25 points or more are considered to have physical stress response. Results: The current study showed that nearly half of the studied group was current smokers, 22 % worked as farmers in their weekend, 95 % of workers were categorized in low physical job stress response. The mean of job stress score of all studied workers was 14.9 ±4.8, recording highest score 32 and lowest score 11. However, when comparing the job stress difference among workers according to different characteristic; there was statistically significant relationship between job stress and department distribution, duration of exposure, presence of respiratory complains and residency (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Nearly most of the studied workers (95 %) were categorized among low job stress group. However the most vulnerable groups for stress were maintenance workers, workers with respiratory complains, workers with high duration of exposure “more than 20 years”, workers resident in urban areas, and supervisors.

Published
2020
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30. Remote Sensing Data Visualization, Fusion and Analysis via Giovanni

Author

Leptoukh, G, Zubko, V, Gopalan, A, and Khayat, M

Subjects
Mathematical And Computer Sciences (General)
Abstract

We describe Giovanni, the NASA Goddard developed online visualization and analysis tool that allows users explore various phenomena without learning remote sensing data formats and downloading voluminous data. Using MODIS aerosol data as an example, we formulate an approach to the data fusion for Giovanni to further enrich online multi-sensor remote sensing data comparison and analysis.

Published
2007

31. Basic instrumentation for Hall A at Jefferson Lab

Author

Alcorn, J., Anderson, B.D., Aniol, K.A., Annand, J.R.M., Auerbach, L., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baker, F.T., Baylac, M., Beise, E.J., Berthot, J., Bertin, P.Y., Bertozzi, W., Bimbot, L., Black, T., Boeglin, W.U., Boykin, D.V., Brash, E.J., Breton, V., Breuer, H., Brindza, P., Brown, D., Burtin, E., Calarco, J.R., Cardman, L.S., Carr, R., Cates, G.D., Cavata, C., Chai, Z., Chang, C.C., Chant, N.S., Chen, J.-P., Choi, S., Chudakov, E., Churchwell, S., Coman, M., Cisbani, E., Colilli, S., Colombel, N., Crateri, R., Dale, D.S., Degrande, N., de Jager, C.W., De Leo, R., Deur, A., Dezern, G., Diederich, B., Dieterich, S., di Salvo, R., Djawotho, P., Domingo, J., Ducret, J.-E., Dutta, D., Egiyan, K., Epstein, M.B., Escoffier, S., Esp, S., Ewell, L.A., Finn, J.M., Fissum, K.G., Folts, E., Fonvieille, H., Frois, B., Frullani, S., Gao, H., Gao, J., Garibaldi, F., Gasparian, A., Gavalya, A., Gayou, O., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Giuliani, F., Glamazdin, A., Glashausser, C., Gomez, J., Gorbenko, V., Gorringe, T., Gricia, M., Griffioen, K., Hamilton, D., Hansen, J.-O., Hersman, F.W., Higinbotham, D.W., Holmes, R., Holmgren, H., Holtrop, M., d'Hose, N., Hovhannisyan, E., Howell, C., Huber, G.M., Hughes, E., Hyde-Wright, C.E., Ibrahim, H., Incerti, S., Iodice, M., Iommi, R., Ireland, D., Jaminion, S., Jardillier, J., Jensen, S., Jiang, X., Jones, C.E., Jones, M.K., Joo, K., Jutier, C., Kahl, W., Kato, S., Katramatou, A.T., Kelly, J.J., Kerhoas, S., Ketikyan, A., Khandaker, M., Khayat, M., Kino, K., Kominis, I., Korsch, W., Kox, S., Kramer, K., Kumar, K.S., Kumbartzki, G., Kuss, M., Lagamba, L., Laveissière, G., Leone, A., LeRose, J.J., Marie, F., Levchuk, L., Leuschner, M., Lhuillier, D., Liang, M., Livingston, K., Lindgren, R.A., Liyanage, N., Lolos, G.J., Lourie, R.W., Lucentini, M., Madey, R., Maeda, K., Malov, S., Manley, D.M., Margaziotis, D.J., Markowitz, P., Marroncle, J., Martine, J., Mayilyan, S., McCarthy, J.S., McCormick, K., Mclntyre, J., McKeown, R.D., Meekins, D., van der Meer, R.L.J., Meziani, Z.-E., Michaels, R., Milbrath, B., Miller, J.A., Miller, W., Mitchell, J., Mougey, J., Nanda, S., Nathan, A., Neyret, D., Offermann, E.A.J.M., Papandreou, Z., Perdrisat, C.F., Perrino, R., Petratos, G.G., Petrosyan, A., Pierangeli, L., Platchkov, S., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pripstein, D., Prout, D.L., Punjabi, V.A., Pussieux, T., Quéméner, G., Ransomez, R.D., Ravel, O., Reitz, B., Roblin, Y., Roche, R., Roedelbronn, M., Rondon-Aramayo, O.A., Roos, P.G., Rosner, G., Rowntree, D., Rutledge, G.A., Rutt, P.M., Rvachev, M., Sabatavenere, F., Saha, A., Saito, T., Santavenere, F., Sarty, A.J., Schneider, W.J., Segal, J.P., Serdarevic-Offermann, A., Shahinyan, A., Slifer, K., Smith, T.P., Soldi, A., Sorokin, P., Souder, P., Spiegel, S.L., Stevens, M.A., Strauch, S., Suleiman, R., Templon, J.A., Terasawa, T., Todor, L., Tsubota, H., Ueno, H., Ulmer, P.E., Urciuoli, G.M., Van Hoorebeke, L., Van de Vyver, R., van Verst, S., Vernin, P., Vlahovic, B., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Walter, R., Watson, J.W., Watts, D.P., Weinstein, L.B., Wijesooriya, K., Wojtsekhowski, B., Xiang, H., Xiong, F., Xu, W., Zainea, D.G., Zeps, V., Zhao, J., Zheng, X., Zhou, Z.-L., Zhu, L., and Zolnierczuk, P.A.

Published
2004
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32. Issues and Methods Concerning the Evaluation of Hypersingular and Near-Hypersingular Integrals in BEM Formulations

Author

Fink, P. W, Khayat, M. A, and Wilton, D. R

Subjects
Numerical Analysis
Abstract

It is known that higher order modeling of the sources and the geometry in Boundary Element Modeling (BEM) formulations is essential to highly efficient computational electromagnetics. However, in order to achieve the benefits of hIgher order basis and geometry modeling, the singular and near-singular terms arising in BEM formulations must be integrated accurately. In particular, the accurate integration of near-singular terms, which occur when observation points are near but not on source regions of the scattering object, has been considered one of the remaining limitations on the computational efficiency of integral equation methods. The method of singularity subtraction has been used extensively for the evaluation of singular and near-singular terms. Piecewise integration of the source terms in this manner, while manageable for bases of constant and linear orders, becomes unwieldy and prone to error for bases of higher order. Furthermore, we find that the singularity subtraction method is not conducive to object-oriented programming practices, particularly in the context of multiple operators. To extend the capabilities, accuracy, and maintainability of general-purpose codes, the subtraction method is being replaced in favor of the purely numerical quadrature schemes. These schemes employ singularity cancellation methods in which a change of variables is chosen such that the Jacobian of the transformation cancels the singularity. An example of the sin,oularity cancellation approach is the Duffy method, which has two major drawbacks: 1) In the resulting integrand, it produces an angular variation about the singular point that becomes nearly-singular for observation points close to an edge of the parent element, and 2) it appears not to work well when applied to nearly-singular integrals. Recently, the authors have introduced the transformation u(x(prime))= sinh (exp -1) x(prime)/Square root of ((y prime (exp 2))+ z(exp 2) for integrating functions of the form I = Integral of (lambda(r(prime))((e(exp -jkR))/(4 pi R) d D where A (r (prime)) is a vector or scalar basis function and R = Square root of( (x(prime)(exp2) + (y(prime)(exp2) + z(exp 2)) is the distance between source and observation points. This scheme has all of the advantages of the Duffy method while avoiding the disadvantages listed above. In this presentation we will survey similar approaches for handling singular and near-singular terms for kernels with 1/R(exp 2) type behavior, addressing potential pitfalls and offering techniques to efficiently handle special cases.

Published
2005

33. Experimental study of heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid nucleate and film boiling on horizontal at plate.

Author

Golkar, S. H., Khayat, M., and Zareh, M.

Subjects
HEAT transfer, NANOFLUIDS, NUCLEATE boiling, COPPER surfaces, DEIONIZATION of water
Abstract

This study investigated the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluid nucleate and film boiling experimentally. To this end, Al2O3 and SiO2 deionized water-based nanofluids were prepared with three volumetric concentrations of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%. Boiling experiments were conducted on a circular and polished copper surface with a diameter of 25 mm. The results illustrated that the addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid reduced the heat transfer coefficient of nucleate boiling. Boiling of nanofluids elevated surface wettability and the critical heat flux was significantly higher than that of pure deionized water. The Al2O3 deionized water-based nanofluid with a volumetric concentration of 0.5% had the best performance, with a critical heat flux of 44.56% higher than that of pure deionized water. The presence of nanoparticles in the deionized water-based nanofluid improved the heat transfer coefficient of film boiling. As demonstrated by the results, the stable film boiling for nanofluids began with a more significant difference in wall superheat temperature than pure deionized water. Among the investigated concentrations, the volumetric concentration of 0.5% yielded the best performance for both nanofluids such that the minimum heat fluxes of Al2O3 and SiO2 deionized water-based nanofluids increased by 35.01% and 34.40%, respectively, compared to pure deionized water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Expression of Drug Pump Protein MRP2 in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Rats and its Impact on the Disposition of Acetaminophen

Author

Hassany, M., Khayat, M. H., Behravan, J., and Kasaeeian, J.

Subjects
Inflammation, Mrp2, Original Article, Drug disposition, Drug efflux transporters, Acetaminophen
Abstract

The drug pump protein MRP2 is a membrane drug efflux transporter widely distributed in normal and tumor tissues. Its role is thought to be crucial for the disposition of many drugs and their substrates in different tissues. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of systematic inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression and function of this transporter in rats. Jugular cannulated rats were injected intraperitoneally with LPS. Control rats received equal volume of sterile saline buffer. Rat liver MRP2 expression was analyzed at the level of mRNA through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. At various time points following drug administration (15 to 360 min), 250 μL blood samples were obtained from the cannula. The plasma was separated by centrifugation and stored at -20°C until HPLC analysis. Administration of LPS resulted in a slight but not significant increase in MRP2 mRNA levels 24 h after the treatment. In HPLC analysis, a rapid decrease in plasma concentrations of the MRP2 substrate (APAP) was observed at the initial time points. At later time points, the slope of the substrate concentration reached a plateau and paralleled to those of controls. It was postulated that due to the presence of the possible compensatory transport mechanisms in liver and non-hepatic tissues, changes performed to the pump activity were not completely in parallel to the expression of the drug efflux pump.

Published
2011

49. Midline sublingual dermoid cyst

Author

Al-Khayat, M. and Kenyon, G.S.

Subjects
Mouth -- Abnormalities, Dermoid cyst -- Case studies, Health
Abstract

The case of an 18-year-old West Indian man was seen following the six-month development of a mass in the floor of his mouth with an extension into the neck. Upon examination the tongue of the patient was found to be displaced by the mass. A CT scan was performed which confirmed that the mass continued from under the tongue to the site of swelling found in the neck immediately below the jaw. A diagnosis of a congenital dermoid cyst, a hollow or fluid filled sac lined by a skin-like tissue, was made and the cyst was surgically removed. The rate of occurrence of these pathologies is rare under the tongue (1.6 percent of these cases). Surgical excision of this tumor required a combined surgical approach through the mouth and from a small incision in the front of the neck. On the basis of this experience, this surgical method is suggested for the removal of similar sublingual dermoid cysts. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

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