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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most widespread chronic diseases globally, with its prevalence expected to rise significantly in the years ahead. Previous studies on risk stratification for T2DM identify certain biomarkers, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), fructosamine, and glycated albumin, as key indicators for predicting the onset and progression of T2DM. However, these traditional markers have been shown to lack sensitivity and specificity and their results are difficult to analyze due to non-standardized interpretation criteria, posing significant challenges to an accurate and definitive diagnosis. The strict measures of these traditional markers may not catch gradual increases in blood sugar levels during the early stages of diabetes evolution, as these might still fall within acceptable glycemic parameters. Recent advancements in research have suggested novel micro ribonucleic acid (miRNA) as circulatory molecules that can facilitate the early detection of prediabetic conditions in high-risk groups and potentially enable prevention of the progression to T2DM. This capability makes them a very powerful tool for potentially improving population health, enhancing outcomes for many patients, and reducing the overall burden of T2DM. These promising biomarkers are small, noncoding RNA involved in the regulation of many cellular functions that have a hand in the metabolic activities of cells, making them a very useful and relevant biomarker to explore for the diagnosis and risk stratification of T2DM. This review analyzes the current literature, outlining the occurrence of miRNAs in prediabetic and diabetic individuals and their implications in predicting dysglycemic disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bahrain is one of the only countries where, four years into the 'Arab Spring' upsrisings, most people continue to use peaceful methods of resistance, including technological advancements and the use [...]

The article discusses the protests by young people across the Southwest Asia for issues such as corruption. Topics discussed include regimes that focused on dividing communities which came together for fighting their rights, SWANA regimes that employed strategies concerning arrests, and interventionists that commit crimes.

An interview with Maryam al-Khawaja, co-director of the Gulf Centre for Human Rights, is presented who discusses the deadly use of less-lethal weapons to control protests in Bahrain, the excessive use of tear gas by the Bahraini police, and the need to regulate the use of non-lethal weapons in Bahrain.