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[EN] Numerical analysis is a tool that is helping engineers over the past decades in design optimization and low-cost fabrication of solar cell devices. The need of modeling tools is used to deeply analyze a device in a soft environment where the time and cost both can be saved before putting a device into fabrication. In this study, lead iodide-based perovskite solar cells were modeled having several feasible planar pin structures for known electron and hole transport layers. The primarily taken pin device structure for analysis was PEDOT:PSS/MAPbI(3)(I)/PCBM. A total of seventy-two different structures were analyzed. From our results, thirty-seven devices have achieved a maximum efficiency of 21%. The best device structure has achieved a 23.29% PCE. Our proposed results can provide imperative guidelines to researchers for the design of efficient pin structure perovskite solar cells.

[EN] Sb2Se3 antimony selenide is a great potential for solar cell commercial application with good absorption coefficient and optimal band gap. In recent years the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) achieved from Sb2Se3 is about 6.5% with CNT/PbS/Sb2Se3/CdS/ITO structure. In this structure PbS works as hole transport material (HTM), CdS as buffer layer and Au as back contact. But the toxic nature of (Cd, Pb) and high cost of Au contact it cannot be considered for commercial application. Because of this reason for the first-time alternate solar cell structure with Cu2O as HTM layer, In2S3 as buffer layer and carbon nano tube (CNT) electrode used as a back contact is proposed in this work for Sb2Se3. Device modeling for solar cell with structure CNT/Cu2O/Sb2Se3/In2S3/ITO was performed in solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). After optimization of physical parameters like absorber thickness, acceptor doping of absorber layer, donor doping of buffer and replacing CdS buffer layer with In2S3 efficiency of experimentally designed cell jumped from 6.5% to 13.20%.

[EN] Copper barium tin sulfide (CBTS) is a direct band gap earth abundant, non-toxic and quaternary semiconductor compound. It is used as absorber because of its direct band gap of 1.9 eV. A numerical guide is proposed for CBTS-based photovoltaic cell to enhance the efficiency of experimentally designed device with introducing Cu2O as back surface field (BSF) layer by means of numerical modeling. Device optimization was performed in SCAPS-1D software under 1.5 AM illumination spectrum. After introducing BSF layer and optimized physical parameters, promising result was achieved with PCE of 9.72%, V-oc of 0.81 V, J(sc) of 15.73 mA/cm(2) and FF of 78.23%. The promising outcomes of this work will give a guideline for the feasible production of high-efficiency inorganic CBTS-based photovoltaic cells.

[EN] The high absorption coefficient and direct optical band gap of a kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) makes it very promising absorber material in the manufacturing of high efficiency and low-cost thin film photovoltaic cells. Single step electrochemical deposition of CZTS quaternary compound thin films on Indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates is reported in this work. The films were obtained from aqueous solutions at room temperature. The key objective of this work is to examine the effect of annealing temperature on CZTS thin films. Sulfurization of thin films was performed under different temperature range from 400 degrees C to 550 degrees C. Good crystal structure was achieved at temperature 500 degrees C with the complexing agent of trisodium citrate. Deposited films material composition was evaluated by analyzing UV-visible spectroscopy, EDS, FE-SEM and XRD. The thin film with good morphological, structural and optical (1.51 eV) properties was achieved at temperature 500 degrees C. The results reported in this work will provide an imperative guideline for efficient low-cost design of CZTS thin films.

[ES] Las energía solar fotovoltaica ha emergido como una fuente de energía nueva y sostenible, que es ecológica y rentable si la producción es a gran escala. En el escenario actual, los dispositivos fotovoltaicos económicos y de alta eficiencia de conversión sin que se degraden sus componentes están bien posicionados para la generación de electricidad. Las células solares basadas en silicio dominan este mercado desde hace muchos años. Para la fabricación y producción de células solares basadas en silicio, se requieren sofisticadas técnicas de fabricación que hacen que el panel solar sea costoso. Por otra parte estan las células solares de película delgada, las cuales, debido a la intensificación de las capacidades de fabricación están ganando importancia. La tecnología de película delgada es una de las tecnologías más rentables y eficientes para la fabricación de células solares, y es un tema de intensa investigación en la industria fotovoltaica. La tecnología de película delgada es más económica que otras tecnologías porque los dispositivos utilizan menos material y están basados en varios tipos de materiales semiconductores que absorben la luz. Entre estos materiales, las células solares de kesterita que utilizan CZTS, CZTSe y sus aleaciones CZTSSe pueden convertirse en el reemplazo óptimo a los absorbentes de calcopirita. Estos materiales presentan unas características ópticas y eléctricas sobresalientes y tienen un gap óptico directo con una banda prohibida que oscila entre 1,4\ eV\ y 1,5\ eV y un coeficiente de absorción, \alpha>{10}^4{cm}^{-1}. Estas características han propiciado que las kesteritas esten siendo muy investigadas por la comunidad fotovoltaica de películas delgadas. De acuerdo con el límite de Shockley-Queisser, la eficiencia de conversión para una célula solar basada en CZTS\ es alrededor del 28%. Esta eficiencia es teóricamente posible mediante el ajuste de la banda prohibida, pero aún así, todavia no se ha podido alcanzar experimentalmente, p, [CA] L'energia solar fotovoltaica ha emergit com una font d'energia nova i sostenible, que és ecològica i rendible si la producció és a gran escala. En l'escenari actual, els dispositius fotovoltaics econòmics i de gran eficiència de conversió estan ben posicionats per a la generació d'electricitat neta i sostenible. Les cèl·lules solars basades en silici dominen aquest mercat des de fa molts anys. Per a la fabricació i producció de cèl·lules solars basades en silici, es requereixen tècniques de fabricació sofisticades que fan que el panell solar sigui costós. Per altra banda estan les cel·les solars de capa fina, que estan guanyant importància a causa de l'intensificació de les capacitats de fabricació. La tecnologia de capa fina és una de les tecnologies més rentables i eficients per a la fabricació de cel solars, i és un tema d'intensa investigació en la fotovoltaica industrial. La tecnologia de capa fina és més econòmica que altres tecnologies perquè els dispositius utilitzen menys material i estan basats en diversos tipus de materials semiconductors que absorbeixen la llum. Entre aquests materials, les cèl·lules solars de kesterita que utilitzen CZTS, CZTSe i les seves aleacions CZTSSe poden convertir-se en el reemplaçament òptim als absorbents de calcopirita. Aquests materials presenten unes característiques òptiques i elèctriques sobresalientes i tenen un gap òptic directe amb una banda prohibida que oscil·la entre 1,4eV i 1,5eV i un coeficient d'absorció, \alpha>{10}^4{cm}^{-1}. Aquestes característiques han propiciat que les Les kesteritas estan sent molt investigades per la comunitat fotovoltaica de capes primes. D'acord amb el límit de Shockley-Queisser, l'eficiència de conversió per a una cel·la solar basada en CZTS és d'aproximadament 28%. Aquesta eficiència és teòricament possible a través de l'ajust de la banda prohibida, però tot i així, encara no s'ha pogut assolir experimentalment, probablement a causa de la incomprensió del funcionament dels dispo, [EN] The solar cell has emerged as a newer and a relatively sustainable energy source, that is eco-friendly and cost-effective if the production is on a larger scale. In the current scenario, the economic and high-power conversion efficiency photovoltaic devices without degradation of materials are designed for the generation of electricity. The silicon-based solar cells dominated the market for many years. For the manufacturing and production of silicon-based solar cells, sophisticated fabrication techniques are required that make the solar panel costly. Due to intensification in manufacturing capabilities, thin film solar cells are gaining significance. Thin film technology is one of the most cost-effective and efficient technologies for the manufacturing of solar cells, and it is an excellent subject of intense research in the photovoltaic industry. Thin film technology is economical than other technologies because devices have relatively less material and are based on various types of light absorbing semiconductor materials. Among these materials, kesterite solar cells utilizing CZTS, CZTSe and their alloys CZTSSe are emerging as the most auspicious replacement for the chalcopyrite absorbers. The outstanding electrical and optical features having direct optical band gap ranges among 1.4eV to 1.5eV and large absorption coefficient \alpha\ >{10}^4{cm}^{-1} of CZTS have made it very interesting in the thin film community. According to the Shockley-Queisser limit, the optimum conversion efficiency of around 28\ % is theoretically possible from a CZTS based solar cell by tuning the band gap, but still, it is not experimentally possible to achieve 28% conversion efficiency from a solar cell due to lack of understanding of device characteristics. For a better understanding of device characteristics, numerical modeling can play a significant role by modeling different device structures that can save time and cost of the research community. In this work, numerical modeli