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The horizontally curved box girder bridges are considered important nowadays because of their low cost compared to the load capacity and torsion moments that they can carry. This study presents a finite element analysis of a continuous box girder bridge using CSI finite element bridge software. Three spans with 40 m length, 12.5 m width, and 2.3 m height are studied. The analysis included different radii of curvature with different loading locations along the transverse direction of a cross-section. Several conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that the torsional moments in the outer face are superior to the inner face, even when loading near the inner face. That is, the torsional moments are affected more by the radius of curvature amount than by the location of the load. In general, the maximum torsional moments increase with the decrease of the curvature radius in the outer face. Nevertheless, the maximum torsional moments decrease with the decrease of the curvature radius in the inner face, except for the case of the curvature radius of 100 m. That can be attributed to the fact that the radius of curvature in this case is considered sharp, resulting in high torsional moments.

هدف البحث الحالي بشكل رئيسي إلى اختبار تاثير التسويق الرقمي في بناء الصورة الذهنية للشركات ميدان البحث.وتبنى البحث المنهج (الوصفي التحليلي) والــــذي يعدَّ أحــــــد أهم مناهج البحث العلمي وأكـــثرها شيوعاً.واستخدمت (الاستبانة) كـــأداة رئيسية لجمــــع البيانات والمعلومات لقياس ابعاد التسويق الرقمي والصورة الذهنية من قبل عينة من عملاء الشركات بلغت(75 ) . ومن أهم النتائج التي خرج بها البحث الدور الفاعل لابعاد التسويق الرقمي جميعها في بناء الصورة الذهنية للشركات المبحوثة لدى عملائها .

Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have played a crucial role in aiding experts to develop personalized healthcare services, particularly in drug response prediction (DRP) for cancer patients. The DL’s techniques contribution to this field is significant, and they have proven indispensable in the medical field. This review aims to analyze the diverse effectiveness of various DL models in making these predictions, drawing on research published from 2017 to 2023. We utilized the VOS-Viewer 1.6.18 software to create a word cloud from the titles and abstracts of the selected studies. This study offers insights into the focus areas within DL models used for drug response. The word cloud revealed a strong link between certain keywords and grouped themes, highlighting terms such as deep learning, machine learning, precision medicine, precision oncology, drug response prediction, and personalized medicine. In order to achieve an advance in DRP using DL, the researchers need to work on enhancing the models’ generalizability and interoperability. It is also crucial to develop models that not only accurately represent various architectures but also simplify these architectures, balancing the complexity with the predictive capabilities. In the future, researchers should try to combine methods that make DL models easier to understand; this will make DRP reviews more open and help doctors trust the decisions made by DL models in cancer DRP.

Rupesh Raina,1– 3 Ahmad Houry,1,3 Pratik Rath,1 Guneive Mangat,1 Davinder Pandher,1,4 Muhammad Islam,3 Ala’a Grace Khattab,3 Joseph K Kalout,1 Sumedha Bagga5 1Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA; 2Department of Nephrology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH, USA; 3College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA; 4Mount Sinai South Nassau, Oceanside, NY, 11570, USA; 5Questrom School of Business, Boston University, Boston, MA, USACorrespondence: Rupesh Raina, Consultant Nephrologist, Adult-Pediatric Kidney Disease/Hypertension, Akron Nephrology Associates/Cleveland Clinic Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH, USA, Tel +1 330-543-8950, Fax +1 330-543-3980, Email rraina@akronchildrens.org; raina@akronnephrology.comAbstract: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, also known as ADPKD, is the most common hereditary kidney disease, affecting different age groups. ADPKD can eventually lead to end-stage renal disease. The etiology of ADPKD is genetic, resulting in the formation of cysts containing fluids on the kidneys. Patients with ADPKD present a range of symptoms following a decline in kidney function. Pain, stones, proteinuria and osteoporosis are few of the many symptoms, resulting from decreased kidney function. Tolvaptan, a selective V2 receptor antagonist, is the etiological treatment used for ADPKD. In this paper, we conducted a systematic review of the literature between 2011 and 2021 to gather data regarding the tolerability and efficacy of tolvaptan use in ADPKD. A total of 22 trials were reviewed. Tolvaptan efficacy in the trials was measured using changes in eGFR or changes in total kidney volume. Results showed that tolvaptan use in ADPKD was associated with a slower decline in kidney function and a decrease in total kidney volume. Side effects of this drug include polyuria, nocturia and polydipsia along with hepatotoxicity. The two biggest trials, TEMPO and REPRISE, change in eGFR from pre-treatment baseline to post-treatment was 1.3 mL/min/1.73 for REPRISE and 1 mL/min/1.73 for TEMPO 3:4. A mean decrease of 49% in total kidney volume from baseline to post-treatment was found in the TEMPO 3:4 study.Keywords: ADPKD, tolvaptan

Candida species are considered the most common opportunistic human fungal pathogen due to the presence of various virulence factors, including its ability to form a biofilm that aids in oral candidiasis. Pediatric patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis than healthy pediatric because of the factors that encourage Candida oral carriage. This current study aims to isolate, evaluated the antifungal effect on Candida spp. and participated in oral candidiasis of pediatric patients in Sulaymaniyah and Kirkuk city. The study was performed from September 2021 to February 2022 on two groups of pediatrics which including pediatric patients (n=160) and healthy pediatric (n=50) as a control group. Oral swabs were obtained from 210 participants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq at the Pediatric teaching hospital of the Sulaymaneyah and Kirkuk governorates. To culture the swabs, Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium was used. HiCrome™ Candida Differential agar used to identify Candida isolated, then depending on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using confirmed polymerase chain reaction. Antifungal sensitivity was done for all C. albicans and non-albicans isolates using five common antifungal disks. Among of the 160 sample of pediatric patient 62 (38.8%) positive for Candida spp. which it is including 17 (27.4 %) and 26 (41.9%), 19 (30.6%) breast feeding, bottle feeding and mixing respectively. While within 50 samples of control group 13 (26%) were positive for Candida spp. which including 2 (15.4%), 9(69.2%), 2(15.4%) of same respectively feeding types. Regarding to the antifungal susceptibility the results showed that C. albicans had higher resistance rates against itraconazole, ketoconazole, and clotrimazole than the non-albicans Candida species However, highly resistant rate were detected in Itraconazole and Ketoconazole with 23.7% and 54.4% respectively, for all Candida species. The Current study concluded that oral candidiasis was more predominant in pediatric patients in compare to healthy pediatric also, and C. albicans is the most prevalent etiologic agent. However, higher rate of sensitivity were detected between Candida species for nystatin, which may suggest as the main treatment for oral Candida infections.

Background and objective: Many tests are conducted for monitoring the progression and the severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. However, the extent to which these tests are helpful in clinical practice and therapeutics of COVID-19 is still ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of performing inflammatory marker tests, liver function tests, and procalcitonin test in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 infection. Methods: The current study compares the results of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, ferritin, and procalcitonin tests in two different populations of 123 COVID-19 suspects and a control group of 110 healthy individuals in Erbil city of Kurdistan region of Iraq to search for possible significant differences in both groups. Results: The COVID-19 group had significantly higher ferritin and procalcitonin mean values than the control group (P = 0.001). The differences between alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were significant in some age and gender classes of both groups. However, the overall differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.339 and 0.286, respectively). Conclusion: The outcome of the current study suggests that among the group of tests conducted for the study population, the most useful tests are ferritin and procalcitonin to monitor the COVID-19 patients' health status.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) has a great beneficial health effect; it has been used in traditional medicine by many cultures. Likewise, the α-amylase inhibitors are potential compounds in the development of drugs for the treatment of diabetes. The beneficial health effects of fenugreek lead us to explore the chemical composition of the seeds and their antioxidant and α-amylase inhibition activities. The flavonoid extraction from fenugreek seeds was achieved with methanol through a Soxhlet apparatus. Then, the flavonoid glycosides were characterized using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis. The antioxidant capacity of fenugreek seed was measured using DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, and CUPRAC assays. Finally, the α-amylase inhibition activity was carried out using in vitro and in silico methods. The methanolic extract was found to contain high amounts of total phenolics (154.68 ± 1.50 μg GAE/mg E), flavonoids (37.69 ± 0.73 μg QE/mg E). The highest radical-scavenging ability was recorded for the methanolic extract against DPPH (IC50 = 556.6 ± 9.87 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 593.62 ± 9.35 μg/mL). The ME had the best reducing power according to the CUPRAC (A 0.5 = 451.90 ± 9.07 μg/mL). The results indicate that the methanolic extracts of fenugreek seed best α-amylase inhibition activities IC50 = 653.52 ± 3.24 μg/mL. Twenty-seven flavonoids were detected, and all studied flavonoids selected have good affinity and stabilize very well in the pocket of α-amylase. The interactions between the studied flavonoids with α-amylase were investigated. The flavonoids from fenugreek seed present a good inhibitory effect against α-amylase, which is beneficial for the prevention of diabetes and its complications.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder in the world, affecting an estimated 50 million individuals. The nerve cells become impaired and die due to the formation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Dementia is one of the most common symptoms seen in people with AD. Genes, lifestyle, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, obesity, infections, and head injuries are some of the factors that can contribute to the development and progression of AD. There are just a few FDA-approved treatments without side effects in the market, and their efficacy is restricted due to their narrow target in the etiology of AD. Therefore, our aim is to identify a safe and potent treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. We chose the ursolic acid (UA) and its similar compounds as a compounds’ library. And the ChEMBL database was adopted to obtain the active and inactive chemicals against Keap1. The best Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was created by evaluating standard machine learning techniques, and the best model has the lowest RMSE and greatest R2 (Random Forest Regressor). We chose pIC50 of 6.5 as threshold, where the top five potent medicines (DB06841, DB04310, DB11784, DB12730, and DB12677) with the highest predicted pIC50 (7.091184, 6.900866, 6.800155, 6.768965, and 6.756439) based on QSAR analysis. Furthermore, the top five medicines utilize as ligand molecules were docked in Keap1’s binding region. The structural stability of the nominated medications was then evaluated using molecular dynamics simulations, RMSD, RMSF, Rg, and hydrogen bonding. All models are stable at 20 ns during simulation, with no major fluctuations observed. Finally, the top five medications are shown as prospective inhibitors of Keap1 and are the most promising to battle AD.

The ongoing pandemic situation of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a global threat to both the world economy and public health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover effective vaccines or drugs to fight against this virus. The flavonoids and their medicinal plant sources have already exhibited various biological effects, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, etc. This study was designed to evaluate different flavonoids from medicinal plants as potential inhibitors against the spike protein (Sp) and main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 using various computational approaches such as molecular docking, molecular dynamics. The binding affinity and inhibitory effects of all studied flavonoids were discussed and compared with some antiviral drugs that are currently being used in COVID-19 treatment namely favipiravir, lopinavir, and hydroxychloroquine, respectively. Among all studies flavonoids and proposed antiviral drugs, luteolin and mundulinol exhibited the highest binding affinity toward Mpro and Sp. Drug-likeness and ADMET studies revealed that the chosen flavonoids are safe and non-toxic. One hundred ns-MD simulations were implemented for luteolin-Mpro, mundulinol-Mpro, luteolin-Sp, and mundulinol-Sp complexes and the results revealed strong stability of these flavonoid-protein complexes. Furthermore, MM/PBSA confirms the stability of luteolin and mundulinol interactions within the active sites of this protein. In conclusion, our findings reveal that the promising activity of luteolin and mundulinol as inhibitors against COVID-19 via inhibiting the spike protein and major protease of SARS CoV-2, and we urge further research to achieve the clinical significance of our proposed molecular-based efficacy.

Background: Female sexual dysfunction [FSD] is a significant challenge. Some researchers reported an association between FSD and delivery mode, while others did not report such association. Aim of the work: To study the long term effect of delivery mode on female sexual function in primiparous mothers.Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study aiming to evaluate FSD and its related factors after delivery. It included 260 primiparous mothers who attended the healthcare centers in Dakahlia and Damietta governorates. They were divided according to the delivery mode into two groups, each of 130 mothers; the first for normal vaginal delivery [NVD], and the second for cesarean delivery [CD]. All participants were evaluated by complete history taking [demographics, obstetric and medical history, duration since delivery, mode of delivery and use of contraception], and female sexual function assessment. Female sexuality was assessed by an Arabic version of the Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI] questionnaire, which is a brief, multidimensional, validated tool for evaluation of female sexual function [FSF] during sexual activity.Results: Results revealed a non-significant difference between females delivered by NVD and those delivered by cesarean section [CS]. Also, there was no significant difference between groups regarding female sexual dysfunction index [FSDI] single domains and total score. Female sexual dysfunction [FSD] was reported in 20.8% and 25.4% in NVD and CS groups, respectively. The duration since the last delivery, recurrent urinary tract infection [UTI], and Vulvo-vaginitis were the individual risks of female sexual dysfunction. Vulvovaginitis was the only independent predictor factor for sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: Female sexual function was not affected by the delivery mode, and there was no basis for advocating the cesarean section for delivery to prevent future female sexual dysfunction. However, identifying vulvovaginitis as the sole significant factor affecting FSD represented significant findings in the current work.

Background and objective: Vaginal candidiasis is a common infection among pregnant women. The current study aimed to investigate the etiologic species of vaginal candidiasis and the genotypes of C. albicans isolated from vaginal samples among pregnant women in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women admitted to the Maternity hospital in Sulaymaniyah and Erbil cities from March 2016 to December 2018. Candida isolates were identified on CHROMagar medium, then confirmed with PCR depending on ITS region. All C. albicans isolates were confirmed using chitin synthase gene (CHS1) and subjected to genotypic analysis based on the transposable intron in 25S rDNA with using CA25S and CA-INT primers. DNA sequencing of 25S rDNA region was done by using CA and CA-INT primers. Results: Among 340 women tested, 114 (33.53%) were positive for vaginal candidiasis. Five Candida species were identified, where they are C. albicans (56.14%), C. glabrata (24.56%), C. kefyr (11.40%), C. tropicalis (5.27%) and C. krusei (2.63%). It has been found that C. albicans significantly (P

Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun,1,2 Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari,2,3 Moyad Shahwan,4,5 Faris El-Dahiyat,6 Maimona Jairoun,4 Saleh Karamah AL-Tamimi,7 Ramzi A Mothana,8 Ahmed Husham Khattab4 1Health and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 2Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11500, Malaysia; 3Department of Pharmacy, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; 4Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates; 5Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, 346, United Arab Emirates; 6College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; 7Faculty of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden, Yemen; 8Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ammar Abdulrahman JairounHealth and Safety Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, 67, United Arab EmiratesTel +971558099957Email Dr_ammar_91_@hotmail.comBackground: The flux of pharmaceutical data can have a negative impact on the complexity of a pharmacist’s decision-making process, which will demand an extensive evaluation from healthcare providers trying to choose the most suitable therapeutic plans for their patients.Objective: The current study aimed to assess the beliefs and implementations of community pharmacists in the UAE regarding evidence-based practice (EBP) and to explore the significant factors governing their EBP.Setting: Community pharmacies in Dubai and the Northern Emirates, UAE.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months between December 2017 and June 2018. Community pharmacists who had three months’ professional experience or more and were registered with one of three regulatory bodies (Ministry of Health, Health Authority Abu Dhabi, or Dubai Health Authority) were interviewed by three trained final-year pharmacy students. Face-to-face interviews were then carried out and a structured questionnaire was used.Metrics: The average beliefs score was 36% (95% CI: [34%, 39%]) compared to an implementation score of 35% (95% CI: [33%, 37%]).Results: A total of 505 subjects participated in the study and completed the entire questionnaire. On average, participants scored higher in beliefs score than implementation score. The results of the statistical modelling showed that younger, female, higher-position pharmacists with more experience and with low percentages of full-time working, and graduates from international/regional universities were more likely to believe in and implement the concept of EBP.Conclusion: A gap was identified between the beliefs and implementation of EBP. Developing educational EBP courses in undergraduate pharmacy curricula is of high importance, not only to increase knowledge levels but also to encourage commitment in those pharmacists to strive for professionalism and to support the provided patient care with evidence.Keywords: evidence-based practice, beliefs, practice, community pharmacist

لقد سيطر المغول على منطقة جغرافية واسعة، حيث إلتقوا بحضارات مختلفة، لذا حاولوا إنشاء جسر للتواصل مع أصحاب تلك الحضارات، فإستفادوا من النتاج الحضاري لتلك الأمم، وعلى أصعدة مختلفة، مثل الزراعة والصناعة وكذلك الطب، حيث جرت ترجمة العديد من الكتب الطبية، الى لغات مختلفة من العربية الى الفارسية والعكس، ومنها ترجمت الى اليونانية على يد اليهود، وقد وجدت أدوية تعود مرجعيتها الى الإسلام والمسيحية واليهودية (Abbasi,2007,p2-3)، في المناطق التي إحتلها المغول، وقد تم التركيز على محورين رئيسين في هذهِ الدراسة.

Background: Intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR] represented a challenging health problem, faced during daily clinical practice. Early diagnosis is of crucial importance. Aim of the work: To determine the value of the aortic isthmic flow index and the left mod-myocardial performance index [MPI] in the prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes in fetuses affected by IUGR. Patients and Methods: Forty Singleton fetuses with IUGR between 28 and 34 weeks were recruited. The left mod-MPI and the isthmic flow index [IFI] were calculated. Ultrasound indices had been correlated with perinatal outcome. Results: There was a statistically significant association between abnormal aortic isthmus diastolic flow and low 1-minute Apgar score and neonatal intensive care unit [NICU] admission. There was a statistically significant association between the left mod-MPI and the meconium stained amniotic fluid [AF], the need for Neonatal resuscitation, NICU admission, neonatal sepsis, and neonatal death. When considering cutoff value for prediction of adverse fetal outcome by Left MPI, a cutoff of 0.53 confers 85.2% sensitivity, 80% specificity, PPV 92%, NPV 66.7%, and accuracy of 83.8%. In addition, 85% of fetuses had normal Aortic isthmus [AoI] waveform [IFI type I] and 15% had abnormal AoI waveform, and there was a statistically significant association between abnormal AoI diastolic flow and each of [IFI of II, III, V], [low 1-minute Apgar score] and [NICU admission]. Conclusion: AoI IFI and left mod-MPI could be considered valuable for the assessment of chronic placental insufficiency, and play a role in prediction of adverse perinatal outcome associated with IUGR.‎

Nourhan Hisham Shady,1 Amira R Khattab,2 Safwat Ahmed,3 Miaomiao Liu,4 Ronald J Quinn,4 Mostafa A Fouad,5 Mohamed Salah Kamel,5 Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah,6 Markus Krischke,7 Martin J Mueller,7 Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen1,5 1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone, Minia 61111, Egypt; 2Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt; 3Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt 41522; 4Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; 5Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; 6Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97082, GermanyCorrespondence: Martin J Mueller; Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen Tel +49 9313186160; +20 86-2347759Fax +49 9313186182; +20 86-2369075Email martin.mueller@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de; usama.ramadan@mu.edu.egBackground: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of hepatic diseases all over the world. This necessitates the need to discover novel anti-HCV drugs to overcome emerging drug resistance and liver complications.Purpose: Total extract and petroleum ether fraction of the marine sponge (Amphimedon spp.) were used for silver nanoparticle (SNP) synthesis to explore their HCV NS3 helicase- and protease-inhibitory potential.Methods: Characterization of the prepared SNPs was carried out with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The metabolomic profile of different Amphimedon fractions was assessed using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Fourteen known compounds were isolated and their HCV helicase and protease activities assessed using in silico modeling of their interaction with both HCV protease and helicase enzymes to reveal their anti-HCV mechanism of action. In vitro anti-HCV activity against HCV NS3 helicase and protease was then conducted to validate the computation results and compared to that of the SNPs.Results: Transmission electron–microscopy analysis of NPs prepared from Amphimedon total extract and petroleum ether revealed particle sizes of 8.22– 14.30 nm and 8.22– 9.97 nm, and absorption bands at λmax of 450 and 415 nm, respectively. Metabolomic profiling revealed the richness of Amphimedon spp. with different phytochemical classes. Bioassay-guided isolation resulted in the isolation of 14 known compounds with anti-HCV activity, initially revealed by docking studies. In vitro anti–HCV NS3 helicase and protease assays of both isolated compounds and NPs further confirmed the computational results.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that Amphimedon, total extract, petroleum ether fraction, and derived NPs are promising biosources for providing anti-HCV drug candidates, with nakinadine B and 3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxymanzamine A the most potent anti-HCV agents, possessing good oral bioavailability and penetration power.Keywords: Amphimedon, nanoparticles, marine sponge, natural products, HCV helicase, protease, molecular docking, metabolomics

Scientific evidence suggests that quercetin (QUR) has anxiolytic-like effects in experimental animals. However, the mechanism of action responsible for its anxiolytic-like effects is yet to be discovered. The goal of this research is to assess QUR’s anxiolytic effects in mouse models to explicate the possible mechanism of action. After acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with QUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg (i.p.), behavioral models of open-field, hole board, swing box, and light–dark tests were performed. QUR was combined with a GABAergic agonist (diazepam) and/or antagonist (flumazenil) group. Furthermore, in silico analysis was also conducted to observe the interaction of QUR and GABA (α5), GABA (β1), and GABA (β2) receptors. In the experimental animal model, QUR had an anxiolytic-like effect. QUR, when combined with diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), drastically potentiated an anxiolytic effect of diazepam. QUR is a more highly competitive ligand for the benzodiazepine recognition site that can displace flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). In all the test models, QUR acted similar to diazepam, with enhanced effects of the standard anxiolytic drug, which were reversed by pre-treatment with flumazenil. QUR showed the best interaction with the GABA (α5) receptor compared to the GABA (β1) and GABA (β2) receptors. In conclusion, QUR may exert an anxiolytic-like effect on mice, probably through the GABA-receptor-interacting pathway.

Background: Measuring students' self-regulation skills is essential to understand how they approach their learning tasks in order to identify areas where they might need additional support. Traditionally, self-report questionnaires and think aloud protocols have been used to measure self-regulated learning skills (SRL). However, these methods are based on students' interpretation, so they are prone to potential inaccuracy. Recently, there has been a growing interest in utilizing learning analytics (LA) to capture students' self-regulated learning (SRL) by extracting indicators from their online trace data. Objectives: This paper aims to identify the indicators and metrics employed by previous studies to measure SRL in higher education. Additionally, the study examined how these measurements were validated. Methods: Following the protocol of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), this study conducted an analysis of 25 articles, published between 2015 and 2022, and sourced from major databases. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that previous research used a variety of indicators to capture learners' SRL. Most of these indicators are related to time management skills, such as indicators of engagement, regularity, and anti-procrastination. Furthermore, the study found that the majority of the reviewed studies did not validate the proposed measurements based on any theoretical models. This highlights the importance of fostering closer collaboration between learning analytics and learning science to ensure the extracted indicators accurately represent students' learning processes. Moreover, this collaboration can enhance the validity and reliability of data-driven approaches, ultimately leading to more meaningful and impactful educational interventions.

Nowadays, inhaled allergens are the main causes of allergic diseases, which are derived from different sources such as animal dander, grasses, tree, insects and fungi/molds. Identification and detection of allergens play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of many allergic diseases. Aims were to determine the prevalence of most common inhaled allergens in Erbil province and determination the intensity of allergic response among allergic patients against 35 identified inhaled allergens items. A total number of 170 patients suffering from suspected inhalant allergy were checked in the present study. The study was carried out for patients who visited the private clinical sectors between 2018-2020 in Erbil province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Determination of specific IgE (sIgE) antibodies was examined for suspected patients. The country-specific inhaled allergy profile “Euroline inhaled Iraq 1” (Catalog no: DP 313816011 E, IVD approved, and CE certified EUROLINE immunoblot), containing strip for 35 different inhalant allergens, has been used in this study. Positive specific IgE to inhaled allergens was detected in 22.35% of our suspected patients. Orchard grass (21.05%) was the most inhaled allergen in our 38 allergic patients, followed by the Meadow foxtail (15.78%), Cockroach German and Sweet vernal grass (13.15%). Based on the present study results, we conclude that the prevalence of inhaled allergy differed between men and women in different age groups. Our study reached that there were no associations between inhaled allergens and sex or age. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4395149

Nowadays in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, the number of patients have common symptoms with COVID-19 infection rapidly increased. 123 patients which they had common symptoms with COVID-19 and 94 healthy control individuals (non-COVID-19) were subjected for quantitative analysis for each one of the following biochemical parameters, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. We analyze clinical features and compared the differences between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 symptoms. Among the healthy control individuals, the absolute value of LDH, CPK Creatine Kinase and CRP were determined in between the normal range, and in compare with patients with COVID-19 symptoms their values were smaller and, the P value was (P ＜0.05). All three biochemical parameters increased among patients with COVID-19 symptoms, but more significantly, steadily increase was observed only in LDH value in age above and under 40 years (284.43±10.29 and 321.23±16.32 U/L), and p-value was (0.0488). Male patients had higher levels of LDH (299.32±11.42 U/L), CPK Creatine Kinase (195.90±26.65 mg/L), and C-Reactive Protein (5.86±3.96 mg/L) in compared with the female patients. Our study suggested that among patients who have COVID 19 symptoms, increased LDH is the advised and helpful biochemical marker among routine panel for COVID-19 infection evaluation. Also, CRP levels were positively correlated with male patients when compared with the healthy control.

Dengue fever is a dangerous infectious endemic disease that affects over 100 nations worldwide, from Africa to the Western Pacific, and is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted to humans by an insect bite of Aedes aegypti. Millions of citizens have died as a result of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever across the globe. Envelope (E), serine protease (NS3), RNA-directed RNA polymerase (NS5), and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) are mostly required for cell proliferation and survival. Some of the diterpenoids and their derivatives produced by nature possess anti-dengue viral properties. The goal of the computational study was to scrutinize the effectiveness of diterpenoids and their derivatives against dengue viral proteins through in silico study. Methods: molecular docking was performed to analyze the binding affinity of compounds against four viral proteins: the envelope (E) protein, the NS1 protein, the NS3 protein, and the NS5 protein. Results: among the selected drug candidates, triptolide, stevioside, alepterolic acid, sphaeropsidin A, methyl dodovisate A, andrographolide, caesalacetal, and pyrimethamine have demonstrated moderate to good binding affinities (−8.0 to −9.4 kcal/mol) toward the selected proteins: E protein, NS3, NS5, and NS1 whereas pyrimethamine exerts −7.5, −6.3, −7.8, and −6.6 kcal/mol with viral proteins, respectively. Interestingly, the binding affinities of these lead compounds were better than those of an FDA-approved anti-viral medication (pyrimethamine), which is underused in dengue fever. Conclusion: we can conclude that diterpenoids can be considered as a possible anti-dengue medication option. However, in vivo investigation is recommended to back up the conclusions of this study.

Depressive disorder is a recurrent illness that affects large numbers of the general population worldwide. In recent years, the goal of depression treatment has moved from symptomatic response to that of full remission. However, treatment-resistant depression is a major challenge in the treatment of depression or depression-related disorders. Consensus opinion, therefore, suggests that effective combined aggressive initial treatment is the most appropriate strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of quercetin (QUR) and/or ascorbic acid (AA) on Phenobarbital-induced sleeping mice. QUR (50 mg/kg) and/or AA (25 mg/kg) with or without intraperitoneally pre-treated with GABA receptor agonist (diazepam: 2 mg/kg, i.p.) or antagonist (Flumazenil: 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to underscore the effects, as well as the possible involvement of the GABA receptor in the modulatory action of QUR and AA in sleeping mice. Additionally, an in silico study was undertaken to predict the involvement of GABA receptors in the sleep mechanism. Findings suggest that the pretreatment of QUR and AA modulated the onset and duration of action of the standard drugs in experimental animals. The acute administration of QUR and/or AA significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the DZP-mediated onset of action and slightly reversed the duration of sleep time in comparison to the vehicle (control) group. A further combination of QUR or AA with the FLU resulted in an enhancement of the onset of action while reducing the duration of action, suggesting a FLU-like effect on the test animals. In in silico studies, AA and QUR showed good to moderate binding affinities with GABAA and GABAB receptors. Both QUR and AA produced a stimulatory-like effect on mice, possibly through the GABAA and GABAB receptor interaction pathways. Further studies are necessary to verify this activity and clarify the exact mechanism of action(s) involved.

Iyad A Goussous,1 Mohamed-Sameh El-Agha,1 Ahmed Awadein,1 Mohamed H Hosny,1 Alaa A Ghaith,2 Ahmed L Khattab2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 2Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of flap thickness on corneal biomechanics after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).Methods: This is a prospective controlled non-randomized, institutional study. Patients underwent either epi-LASIK with mitomycin (advanced surface ablation [ASA]), thin-flap LASIK (90 µm head), or thick-flap LASIK (130 µm head). In ASA, the Moria Epi-K hydroseparator was used. LASIK flaps were created using the Moria M-2 mechanical microkeratome. The corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were measured preoperatively and 3 months after surgery, using the Ocular Response Analyzer®.Results: Ten patients (19 eyes) underwent ASA, 11 patients (16 eyes) underwent thin-flap LASIK, and 11 patients (16 eyes) underwent thick-flap LASIK. The mean preoperative CH was 10.47±0.88, 10.52±1.4, and 11.28±1.4 mmHg (p=0.043), respectively, decreasing after surgery by 1.75±1.02, 1.66±1.00, and 2.62±1.03 mmHg (p=0.017). The mean reduction of CH per micron of central corneal ablation was 0.031, 0.023, and 0.049 mmHg/µm (p=0.005). Mean preoperative CRF was 10.11±1.28, 10.34±1.87, and 10.62±1.76 mmHg (p=0.66), decreasing after surgery by 2.33±1.35, 2.77±1.03, and 2.92±1.10 mmHg (p=0.308). The mean reduction of CRF per micron of central corneal ablation was 0.039, 0.040, and 0.051 mmHg/µm (p=0.112).Conclusion: Thick-flap LASIK caused a greater reduction of CH and CRF than thin-flap LASIK and ASA, although this was statistically significant only for CH. ASA and thin-flap LASIK were found to be biomechanically similar. Keywords: flap thickness ectasia, hysteresis, LASIK, surface ablation