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This article presents an experimental investigation of an argon plasma jet. It examines a commercial argon plasma jet device's physical, chemical, and biological impacts, comparing findings against global standards. The study focuses on electrical features ensuring safety for patients and consumers, finding all leakage current values within established standards. Chemical analysis of emitted gases shows no detectable levels of harmful compounds near treated skin. Optical emission spectroscopy reveals bioactive compounds within the plasma jet. UV radiation emission remains within safety thresholds. Hyperspectral imaging shows temporary increases in skin characteristics posttreatment, reverting to baseline over time. Overall, the study demonstrates the safety and potential of the argon plasma jet in skin treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its low hydrophilicity, direct sublimation inkjet printing on woven polyester fabric surfaces is challenging. This research experimentally studies the efficacy of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) roll-to-roll plasma treatment with or without water vapor post-exposure as a novel method to modify polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surfaces to enhance hydrophilicity, color performance, and printing quality. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to design experiments, and the optimum conditions were analyzed through statistical calculations. Their results were examined using Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) tests. Qualitative and quantitative tests for color performance and wicking test used for hydrophilicity assessment confirms the effectiveness of this Green inline pretreatment for industries to enhance direct sublimation inkjet printing quality on PET by a decrease in absorption time from 12051 to 202 s and an increase in the color depth to 12.49%, 25.89 and 18.07% for Cyan, Magenta and Key (black) respectively. One of the stable optimum conditions in which three printed colors: Cyan, Magenta, and Black (Key), show high-quality color performance is at 15 processing rounds, 2 m/min velocity in the absence or presence of water vapor post-exposure. Water vapor post-exposure exhibits a beneficial, economic effect along with plasma treatment. The results show that the chemical modification aspect of this treatment plays a more significant role in printing quality enhancement than its morphological modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butter is a perishable food, and its microbial deterioration occurs in refrigeration conditions, leading to a reduction in shelf life and a loss of sensory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chia seed extract (CSE) on the microbial and sensory properties of pasteurized sweet cream butter at 2°C. Ethanolic extract of chia seeds was prepared and added to the butter samples in concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% (v/w), and its effects on microbiological and sensory quality were evaluated at 15‐day intervals during 60‐day refrigerated storage. The results indicated that the addition of 0.25% and 0.5% CSE to butter treatments decreased total viable counts by 0.25–0.6 log CFU/g, total psychrotrophic counts by 1–1.5 log CFU/g, and coliform counts by 3–4 log CFU/g compared to the control sample on days 45 and 60 of storage. Moreover, concentrations of 0.1%–0.5% CSE reduced mold and yeast counts by 1.5–2.6 log CFU/g on days 30–60 of storage compared to the control sample. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected in any samples during storage. CSE had a significant effect on the sensory properties (except for aroma) of the butter samples during the 60‐day storage. The best color, flavor, and overall acceptance scores were assigned to the treatments containing 0.1%–0.5% CSE compared to the control sample. It could be concluded that adding 0.1% and 0.25% CSE to refrigerated and pasteurized butter can retard microbial spoilage and improve its sensory properties at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, effectiveness of the optimal gliding arc (OGA) plasma on Pacific white shrimp (PWS) immersed in 3% Laurus nobilis leaf essential oil (EO) was evaluated in three types of packaging, including atmosphere, vacuum, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Laurus nobilis leaf EO contains high quantities of 1,8-cineole and α-terpinyl acetate with no significant effects on the bacterial load compared to OGA plasma. OGA plasma was used to compensate for the low antimicrobial effects of L. nobilis leaf EO. Considering parameters pH, PV, TVBN, and melanosis, the shrimps were acceptable for consumption at duration of 10 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, MgF2 and SiO2 thin films were prepared by the magnetron sputtering method on glass and ITO substrates. The crystal structure, morphology, and antireflection performance of the coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV-vis) techniques, respectively. Furthermore, by utilizing both experimental characterization and optical film design tools, the best experimental parameters for every coating were identified. FESEM images confirmed proper growth of the layers on the substrates. EDAX analysis revealed that the manufactured layer consisted of Magnesium fluoride and silica. The study of optical properties demonstrated that the average transmission in the 400-1000 nanometer range exceeded 99%, indicating good agreement with theoretical results. Furthermore, the use of ITO as the substrate reduced the bandgap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chitosan coating enriched with garlic extract (GE) and coriander essential oil (CEO) on the shelf life of rainbow trout fillet. Treatments were prepared with chitosan coating (2%) containing GE and CEO (0.1% and 0.5%) both separately and in combination. The results showed that GE and CEO had significant effects on peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), total viable (TVC) and psychrotrophic (PTC) counts in fillet samples during storage. It was observed that an increase in the concentration of GE and CEO in the coatings would lead to a significant decrease in the amounts of PV, TVB‐N and TVC. The concentration of 0.5% CEO was more effective than GE on PV, TVB‐N and microbial counts. The treatment coated with chitosan containing 0.5%GE + 0.5%CEO had the lowest PV (5.56 mEq/kg), TBA (2 mg MDA/kg), TVB‐N (32.57 mg N2/100 g), TVC (7.12 log CFU/g) and PTC (5.22 log CFU/g) on the 12th day of storage. The results indicated that the chitosan coating enriched with 0.5%GE + 0.5%CEO can extend the shelf life of refrigerated trout fillets for 6–9 days compared to the control and chitosan alone samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]