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2. Multiplex PCR for bacterial, viral and protozoal pathogens in persistent diarrhoea or persistent abdominal pain in Côte d’Ivoire, Mali and Nepal

Author

Jasuja, Jasmin K., Bub, Florian, Veit, Jonas, Fofana, Hassan K. M., Sacko, Moussa, Saye, Rénion, Chatigre, Justin K., N’Goran, Eliézer K., Yao, Joel A., Khanal, Basudha, Koirala, Kanika, Bhattarai, Narayan R., Rijal, Suman, von Müller, Lutz, Bottieau, Emmanuel, Boelaert, Marleen, Chappuis, François, Polman, Katja, Utzinger, Jürg, and Becker, Sören L.

Published
2024
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3. Visceral leishmaniasis in the hills of western Nepal: A transmission assessment

Author

Uranw, Surendra, primary, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, additional, Cloots, Kristien, additional, Roy, Lalita, additional, Rai, Keshav, additional, Kiran, Usha, additional, Pyakurel, Uttam Raj, additional, Lal, Bibek Kumar, additional, Burza, Sakib, additional, Rijal, Suman, additional, Karki, Prahlad, additional, Khanal, Basudha, additional, and Hasker, Epco, additional

Published
2024
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4. Etiological spectrum of persistent fever in the tropics and predictors of ubiquitous infections: a prospective four-country study with pooled analysis

Author

Bottieau, Emmanuel, Van Duffel, Lukas, El Safi, Sayda, Koirala, Kanika Deshpande, Khanal, Basudha, Rijal, Suman, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Phe, Thong, Lim, Kruy, Mukendi, Deby, Kalo, Jean-Roger Lilo, Lutumba, Pascal, Barbé, Barbara, Jacobs, Jan, Van Esbroeck, Marjan, Foqué, Nikki, Tsoumanis, Achilleas, Parola, Philippe, Yansouni, Cedric P., Boelaert, Marleen, Verdonck, Kristien, and Chappuis, François

Published
2022
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6. Author Correction: A multicentric evaluation of dipstick test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Ethiopia and Spain

Author

Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad, Ghosh, Sneha, Saha, Samiran, Choudhury, Somsubhra Thakur, Bhattacharyya, Anirban, Chatterjee, Mitali, Pandey, Krishna, Das, V. N. R., Das, Pradeep, Rahaman, Mehebubar, Goswami, Rama Prosad, Rai, Keshav, Khanal, Basudha, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Deepachandi, Bhagya, Siriwardana, Yamuna Deepani, Karunaweera, Nadira D., deBrito, Maria Edileuza Felinto, Gomes, Yara de Miranda, Nakazawa, Mineo, Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery, Adem, Emebet, Yeshanew, Arega, Melkamu, Roma, Fikre, Helina, Hurissa, Zewdu, Diro, Ermias, Carrillo, Eugenia, Moreno, Javier, and Ali, Nahid

Published
2021
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7. Effect of carbapenem resistance on outcomes of bloodstream infection caused by Enterobacteriaceae in low-income and middle-income countries (PANORAMA): a multinational prospective cohort study

Author

Stewardson, Andrew J, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Sengupta, Sharmila, Allignol, Arthur, El-Bouseary, Maisra, Carvalho, Maria J, Hassan, Brekhna, Delgado-Ramirez, Monica A, Arora, Anita, Bagga, Ruchika, Owusu-Ofori, Alex K, Ovosi, Joseph O, Aliyu, Shamsudin, Saad, Hala, Kanj, Souha S, Khanal, Basudha, Bhattarai, Balkrishna, Saha, Samir K, Uddin, Jamal, Barman, Purabi, Sharma, Latika, El-Banna, Tarek, Zahra, Rabaab, Saleemi, Mansab Ali, Kaur, Amarjeet, Iregbu, Kenneth, Uwaezuoke, Nkolika SC, Abi Hanna, Pierre, Feghali, Rita, Correa, Ana L, Munera, Maria I, Le, Thi Anh Thu, Tran, Thi Thanh Nga, Phukan, Chimanjita, Phukan, Chiranjita, Valderrama-Beltrán, Sandra L, Alvarez-Moreno, Carlos, Walsh, Timothy R, and Harbarth, Stephan

Published
2019
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8. ACORN (A Clinically-Oriented Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network) II: protocol for case based antimicrobial resistance surveillance

Author

Mo, Yin, primary, Ding, Ying, additional, Cao, Yang, additional, Hopkins, Jill, additional, Ashley, Elizabeth A., additional, Waithira, Naomi, additional, Wannapinij, Prapass, additional, Lee, Sue J., additional, Ling, Claire L., additional, Hamers, Raph L., additional, Roberts, Tamalee, additional, Lubell, Yoel, additional, Karkey, Abhilasha, additional, Akech, Samuel, additional, Lissauer, Samantha, additional, Opintan, Japheth, additional, Okeke, Iruka, additional, Eremin, Sergey, additional, Tornimbene, Barbara, additional, Hsu, Li Yang, additional, Thwaites, Louise, additional, Lam, Minh Yen, additional, Pham, Ngoc Thach, additional, Pham, Tieu Kieu, additional, Teo, Jeanette, additional, Kwa, Andrea Lay-Hoon, additional, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, additional, Ng, Oon Tek, additional, Vasoo, Shawn, additional, Kitsaran, Suwatthiya, additional, Anunnatsiri, Siriluck, additional, Kosalaraksa, Pope, additional, Chotiprasitsakul, Darunee, additional, Santanirand, Pitak, additional, Plongla, Rongpong, additional, Chua, Hock Hin, additional, Tiong, Xun Ting, additional, Wong, Ke Juin, additional, Ponnampalavanar, Sasheela Sri La Sri, additional, Sulaiman, Helmi Bin, additional, Mazlan, Mohd Zulfakar, additional, Salmuna, Zeti Norfidiyati, additional, Rajahram, Giri Shan, additional, Zaili, Mohd Zaki Bin Mohd, additional, Francis, Joshua R., additional, Sarmento, Nevio, additional, Guterres, Helio, additional, Oakley, Tessa, additional, Yan, Jennifer, additional, Tilman, Ari, additional, Khalid, Muhammad Osama Rehman, additional, Hashmi, Madiha, additional, Mahmood, Syed Faisal, additional, Dhiloo, Azizullah Khan, additional, Fatima, Ambreen, additional, Lubis, Inke Nadia D., additional, Wijaya, Hendri, additional, Abad, Cybele L., additional, Roman, Arthur Dessi, additional, Lazarte, Cecilia C. Maramba, additional, Mamun, Gazi Md. Salahuddin, additional, Asli, Rosmonaliza, additional, Momin, Muhd Haziq Fikry bin Haji Abdul, additional, Nyamdavaa, Khurelbaatar, additional, Gurjav, Ulziijargal, additional, Bory, Sotharith, additional, Varghese, George M., additional, Gupta, Lalit, additional, Tantia, Pratik, additional, Sinto, Robert, additional, Doi, Yohei, additional, Khanal, Basudha, additional, Malijan, Greco, additional, Lazaro, Jezreel, additional, Gunasekara, Samanmalee, additional, Withanage, Sumudu, additional, Liu, Po Yu, additional, Xiao, Yonghong, additional, Wang, Minggui, additional, Paterson, David L., additional, Doorn, H. Rogier van, additional, and Turner, Paul, additional

Published
2023
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12. A multicentric evaluation of dipstick test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Ethiopia and Spain

Author

Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad, Ghosh, Sneha, Saha, Samiran, Choudhury, Somsubhra Thakur, Bhattacharyya, Anirban, Chatterjee, Mitali, Pandey, Krishna, Das, V. N. R., Das, Pradeep, Rahaman, Mehebubar, Goswami, Rama Prosad, Rai, Keshav, Khanal, Basudha, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Deepachandi, Bhagya, Siriwardana, Yamuna Deepani, Karunaweera, Nadira D., deBrito, Maria Edileuza Felinto, Gomes, Yara de Miranda, Nakazawa, Mineo, Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery, Adem, Emebet, Yeshanew, Arega, Melkamu, Roma, Fikre, Helina, Hurissa, Zewdu, Diro, Ermias, Carrillo, Eugenia, Moreno, Javier, and Ali, Nahid

Published
2019
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19. Four layer multi-omics reveals molecular responses to aneuploidy in Leishmania

Author

Cuypers, Bart, Meysman, Pieter, Erb, Ionas, Bittremieux, Wout, VALKENBORG, Dirk, Baggerman, Geert, Mertens, Inge, Sundar, Shyam, Khanal, Basudha, Notredame, Cedric, Dujardin, Jean-Claude, Domagalska, Malgorzata A., Laukens, Kris, Engwerda, Christian R., Meysman, Pieter/0000-0001-5903-633X, Cuypers, Bart/0000-0002-7198-1470, Cuypers, Bart, Meysman, Pieter, Erb, Ionas, Bittremieux, Wout, VALKENBORG, Dirk, Baggerman, Geert, Mertens, Inge, Sundar, Shyam, Khanal, Basudha, Notredame, Cedric, Dujardin, Jean-Claude, Domagalska, Malgorzata A., Laukens, Kris, and Engwerda, Christian R.

Subjects
Leishmania, Proteome, Proteomes, Immunology, Karyotype, Protein abundance, Genomics, Aneuploidy, Microbiology, Protein metabolism, Virology, Genetics, Humans, Parasitology, Human medicine, Transcriptome analysis, Biology, Molecular Biology, Heat-Shock Proteins, Peptide Hydrolases, Leishmania donovani
Abstract

Aneuploidy causes system-wide disruptions in the stochiometric balances of transcripts, proteins, and metabolites, often resulting in detrimental effects for the organism. The protozoan parasite Leishmania has an unusually high tolerance for aneuploidy, but the molecular and functional consequences for the pathogen remain poorly understood. Here, we addressed this question in vitro and present the first integrated analysis of the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome of highly aneuploid Leishmania donovani strains. Our analyses unambiguously establish that aneuploidy in Leishmania proportionally impacts the average transcript- and protein abundance levels of affected chromosomes, ultimately correlating with the degree of metabolic differences between closely related aneuploid strains. This proportionality was present in both proliferative and non-proliferative in vitro promastigotes. However, as in other Eukaryotes, we observed attenuation of dosage effects for protein complex subunits and in addition, non-cytoplasmic proteins. Differentially expressed transcripts and proteins between aneuploid Leishmania strains also originated from non-aneuploid chromosomes. At protein level, these were enriched for proteins involved in protein metabolism, such as chaperones and chaperonins, peptidases, and heat-shock proteins. In conclusion, our results further support the view that aneuploidy in Leishmania can be adaptive. Additionally, we believe that the high karyotype diversity in vitro and absence of classical transcriptional regulation make Leishmania an attractive model to study processes of protein homeostasis in the context of aneuploidy and beyond. We thank the Center of Medical Genetics at the University of Antwerp for hosting the NGS facility on which our RNA-Seq experiments were performed. The computational resources used for this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center) at the University of Antwerp.

Published
2022

22. Nepal measles outbreak response immunization during COVID-19: A risk-based intervention strategy

Author

Bose, Anindya Sekhar, primary, Rai, Pasang, additional, Gupta, Binod Prasad, additional, Pradhan, Rahul, additional, Lacoul, Mona, additional, Shakya, Sushil, additional, Shrestha, Dipesh, additional, Gautam, Abhiyan, additional, Bhandari, Bharat, additional, Shrestha, Basanta, additional, Tinkari, Bhim Singh, additional, Jha, Runa, additional, Khanal, Basudha, additional, Shrestha, Pradeep, additional, Bhusal, Sushma, additional, and Gautam, Jhalak Sharma, additional

Published
2022
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23. Additional file 1 of Etiological spectrum of persistent fever in the tropics and predictors of ubiquitous infections: a prospective four-country study with pooled analysis

Author

Bottieau, Emmanuel, Van Duffel, Lukas, El Safi, Sayda, Koirala, Kanika Deshpande, Khanal, Basudha, Rijal, Suman, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Phe, Thong, Lim, Kruy, Mukendi, Deby, Kalo, Jean-Roger Lilo, Lutumba, Pascal, Barbé, Barbara, Jacobs, Jan, Van Esbroeck, Marjan, Foqué, Nikki, Tsoumanis, Achilleas, Parola, Philippe, Yansouni, Cedric P., Boelaert, Marleen, Verdonck, Kristien, and Chappuis, François

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Diagnostic ascertainment of the 12 (NIDIAG) target priority infections; Table S2. Case ascertainment of conditions not targeted by the NIDIAG workup; Table S3. STROBE Checklist of items for cross-sectional studies (NIDIAG); Table S4. STARD checklist NIDIAG study.

Published
2022
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24. A randomized, observer-blind, controlled phase III clinical trial assessing safety and immunological non-inferiority of Vi-diphtheria toxoid versus Vi-tetanus toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine in healthy volunteers in eastern Nepal.

Author

Chaudhary, Shipra, Shah, Gauri Shankar, Bhatta, Nisha Keshary, Poudel, Prakash, Rai, Basant, Uranw, Surendra, Tripathi, Prashant Mani, Khanal, Basudha, Ghimire, Anup, Rai, Nikita, Gupta, Birendra Prasad, Vemula, Sridhar, Wartel, T. Anh, Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant, and Saluja, Tarun

Published
2023
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27. Longlasting insecticidal nets for prevention of Leishmania donovani infection in India and Nepal: paired cluster randomised trial

Author

Picado, Albert, Singh, Shri Prakash, Rijal, Suman, Sundar, Shyam, Ostyn, Bart, Chappuis, François, Uranw, Surendra, Gidwani, Kamlesh, Khanal, Basudha, Rai, Madhukar, Paudel, Ishwari Sharma, Das, Murari Lal, Kumar, Rajiv, Srivastava, Pankaj, Dujardin, Jean Claude, Vanlerberghe, Veerle, Andersen, Elisabeth Wreford, Davies, Clive Richard, and Boelaert, Marleen

Published
2011

31. Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter: Detection of ESBL, MBL, blaNDM-1 Genotype, and Biofilm Formation at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nepal.

Author

Kumari, Manisha, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Rai, Keshav, Pandit, Tejendra Kumar, and Khanal, Basudha

Subjects
ACINETOBACTER, MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, BIOFILMS, TERTIARY care, INFECTION prevention, BETA lactamases, CEFEPIME
Abstract

Background. The Acinetobacter species is an important hospital-acquired pathogen. The rapid development of resistance to multiple drugs and the ability to form biofilm make these bacteria more adaptable to survive in healthcare facilities, thus posing a challenge to their effective management. Objective. This study aimed to characterize clinical isolates of Acinetobacter spp and to study their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and ability to form biofilm. Resistant Acinetobacter was further analyzed for the detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo β-lactamases (MBLs), carbapenemase production, and presence of blaNDM-1 gene. Materials and Methods. A total of 324 Acinetobacter species were isolated from various clinical specimens which were submitted to the Department of Microbiology, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal, and were studied for antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of ESBL and MBL production, and formerly biofilm formation was performed by standard microbiological methods. PCR was carried out to determine the presence of the blaNDM-1 gene. Results. The predominant Acinetobacter species isolated was A calcoaceticus-baumannii Complex (Acb complex) 167 (51.5%). Among those, all A. species 128 (40%) were multidrug resistant (MDR). In which 13 (4.0%) were ESBL producers, 70 (61.9%) were MBL, and 12 (10.6%) were carbapenemases producers. The blaNDM1 gene was present in 33 isolates. Thirty-seven percent (121/324) of isolates formed biofilm. The majority of A. species were resistant to cefotaxime 73.8% (239) and cefepime 74.4% (241). A significant proportion of biofilm producers were MDR (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Drug-resistant Acinetobacter formed a substantial proportion of this hospital's samples with a large presence of the blaNDM-1 gene. A matter of great concern is the association of multidrug-resistant phenotype with biofilm formation. This situation warranted stringent surveillance and adherence to infection prevention and control practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. Four layer multi-omics reveals molecular responses to aneuploidy in Leishmania

Author

Cuypers, B., primary, Meysman, P., additional, Erb, I., additional, Bittremieux, W., additional, Valkenborg, D., additional, Baggerman, G., additional, Mertens, I., additional, Sundar, Shyam, additional, Khanal, Basudha, additional, Notredame, C., additional, Dujardin, J-C., additional, Domagalska, M.A., additional, and Laukens, K., additional

Published
2021
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38. A Multi-Country, Single-Blinded, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate a Point-of-Need System for Rapid Detection of Leishmaniasis and Its Implementation in Endemic Settings

Author

Ghosh, Prakash, Sharma, Abhijit, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Abhishek, Kumar, Nisansala, Thilini, Kumar, Amresh, Böhlken-Fascher, Susanne, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, Faisal, Khaledul, Hossain, Faria, Uddin, Md. Rasel, Rashid, Md. Utba, Maruf, Shomik, Rai, Keshav, Sooriyaarachchi, Monica, Abhayarathna, Withanage Lakma Kumari, Karki, Prahlad, Kumar, Shiril, Ranasinghe, Shalindra, Khanal, Basudha, Routray, Satyabrata, Das, Pradeep, Mondal, Dinesh, Wahed, Ahmed Abd El, Ghosh, Prakash, Sharma, Abhijit, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Abhishek, Kumar, Nisansala, Thilini, Kumar, Amresh, Böhlken-Fascher, Susanne, Chowdhury, Rajashree, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, Faisal, Khaledul, Hossain, Faria, Uddin, Md. Rasel, Rashid, Md. Utba, Maruf, Shomik, Rai, Keshav, Sooriyaarachchi, Monica, Abhayarathna, Withanage Lakma Kumari, Karki, Prahlad, Kumar, Shiril, Ranasinghe, Shalindra, Khanal, Basudha, Routray, Satyabrata, Das, Pradeep, Mondal, Dinesh, and Wahed, Ahmed Abd El

Abstract

With the advancement of isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques, detection of the pathogenic DNA in clinical samples at point-of-need is no longer a dream. The newly developed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay incorporated in a suitcase laboratory has shown promising diagnostic efficacy over real-time PCR in detection of leishmania DNA from clinical samples. For broader application of this point-of-need system, we undertook a current multi-country diagnostic evaluation study towards establishing this technique in different endemic settings which would be beneficial for the ongoing elimination programs for leishmaniasis. For this study purpose, clinical samples from confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) patients were subjected to both real-time PCR and RPA assay in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal. Further skin samples from confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) patients were also included from Sri Lanka. A total of 450 clinical samples from VL patients, 429 from PKDL patients, 47 from CL patients, and 322 from endemic healthy/healthy controls were under investigation to determine the diagnostic efficacy of RPA assay in comparison to real-time PCR. A comparative sensitivity of both methods was found where real-time PCR and RPA assay showed 96.86% (95% CI: 94.45–98.42) and 88.85% (95% CI: 85.08–91.96) sensitivity respectively in the diagnosis of VL cases. This new isothermal method also exhibited promising diagnostic sensitivity (93.50%) for PKDL cases, when a skin sample was used. Due to variation in the sequence of target amplicons, RPA assay showed comparatively lower sensitivity (55.32%) than that of real-time PCR in Sri Lanka for the diagnosis of CL cases. Except for India, the assay presented absolute specificity in the rest of the sites. Excellent concordance between the two molecular methods towards detection of leishmania DNA in clinical samples substantiates the application of RPA assay incor

Published
2021

39. Domestic animals and epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis, Nepal

Author

Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Van der Auwera, Gert, Rijal, Suman, Picado, Albert, Speybroeck, Niko, Khanal, Basudha, De Doncker, Simonne, Das, Murari Lal, Ostyn, Bart, Davies, Clive, Coosemans, Marc, Berkvens, Dirk, Boelaert, Marleen, and Dujardin, Jean-Claude

Subjects
Geographic information systems -- Analysis, Goats -- Analysis, Infection -- Risk factors -- Analysis, Disease transmission -- Risk factors -- Analysis, Cattle -- Analysis, Epidemiology -- Analysis, Kala-azar -- Risk factors -- Analysis, Geographic information system, Health
Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is a fatal vector-borne parasitic disease. Worldwide incidence is 500,000 cases per year; ≅ 90% of cases occur in India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sudan, [...]

Published
2010
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41. A Multi-Country, Single-Blinded, Phase 2 Study to Evaluate a Point-of-Need System for Rapid Detection of Leishmaniasis and Its Implementation in Endemic Settings

Author

Ghosh, Prakash, primary, Sharma, Abhijit, additional, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, additional, Abhishek, Kumar, additional, Nisansala, Thilini, additional, Kumar, Amresh, additional, Böhlken-Fascher, Susanne, additional, Chowdhury, Rajashree, additional, Khan, Md Anik Ashfaq, additional, Faisal, Khaledul, additional, Hossain, Faria, additional, Uddin, Md. Rasel, additional, Rashid, Md. Utba, additional, Maruf, Shomik, additional, Rai, Keshav, additional, Sooriyaarachchi, Monica, additional, Abhayarathna, Withanage Lakma Kumari, additional, Karki, Prahlad, additional, Kumar, Shiril, additional, Ranasinghe, Shalindra, additional, Khanal, Basudha, additional, Routray, Satyabrata, additional, Das, Pradeep, additional, Mondal, Dinesh, additional, and Abd El Wahed, Ahmed, additional

Published
2021
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45. Antibiotic Resistance and

Author

Shrestha, Lok Bahadur, Bhattarai, Narayan Raj, Rai, Keshav, and Khanal, Basudha

Subjects
methicillin-resistant CoNS, mecA gene, Infection and Drug Resistance, foreign-body-related infections, Original Research
Abstract

Lok Bahadur Shrestha, Narayan Raj Bhattarai, Keshav Rai, Basudha Khanal Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari 56700, NepalCorrespondence: Lok Bahadur ShresthaMicrobiology & Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56700, Sunsari, NepalEmail drlok86@gmail.comBackground: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are a significant cause of hospital-acquired and foreign-body-related infections. We conducted this research to assess methicillin susceptibility of CoNS by disc diffusion, agar dilution, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.Methods: We received 123 CoNS isolates from different specimens including blood, endotracheal tube, and central venous catheter. We performed sample processing, identification, and characterization following standard guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested based on clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines. We detected methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) through mecA gene, disc diffusion method, and agar dilution method and compared the accuracy with PCR as reference.Results: We detected eight species of CoNS with Staphylococcus epidermidis as the most common. Most of the samples were received from the intensive care unit and blood was the dominant specimen followed by endotracheal-tube aspirate. Seventy-one percentage of isolates were methicillin-resistant by PCR method; disc diffusion and agar dilution method detected methicillin resistance with an accuracy of 96.7% and 98.3%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed an association between the different origins of samples, and also among the types of sample. Similarly, a comparison of the degree of resistance of antimicrobial agents between mecA gene positive and negative isolates showed significant differences. Vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin are still effective for treating MRCoNS.Conclusion: CoNS are a crucial cause of human infections especially in an intensive care unit setup where the use of devices is common. Disc diffusion and agar dilution are reliable for the detection of MRCoNS. The degree of antimicrobial resistance is much higher in organisms obtained from intensive care unit and foreign-body-related infections.Keywords: foreign-body-related infections, methicillin-resistant CoNS, mecA gene

Published
2020

46. Antibiotic Resistance and mecA Gene Characterization of Coagulase-negative Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical Samples in Nepal

Author

Shrestha,Lok Bahadur, Bhattarai,Narayan Raj, Rai,Keshav, Khanal,Basudha, Shrestha,Lok Bahadur, Bhattarai,Narayan Raj, Rai,Keshav, and Khanal,Basudha

Abstract

Lok Bahadur Shrestha, Narayan Raj Bhattarai, Keshav Rai, Basudha Khanal Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Sunsari 56700, NepalCorrespondence: Lok Bahadur ShresthaMicrobiology & Infectious Diseases, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan 56700, Sunsari, NepalEmail drlok86@gmail.comBackground: Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are a significant cause of hospital-acquired and foreign-body-related infections. We conducted this research to assess methicillin susceptibility of CoNS by disc diffusion, agar dilution, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods and to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern.Methods: We received 123 CoNS isolates from different specimens including blood, endotracheal tube, and central venous catheter. We performed sample processing, identification, and characterization following standard guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested based on clinical and laboratory standards institute guidelines. We detected methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) through mecA gene, disc diffusion method, and agar dilution method and compared the accuracy with PCR as reference.Results: We detected eight species of CoNS with Staphylococcus epidermidis as the most common. Most of the samples were received from the intensive care unit and blood was the dominant specimen followed by endotracheal-tube aspirate. Seventy-one percentage of isolates were methicillin-resistant by PCR method; disc diffusion and agar dilution method detected methicillin resistance with an accuracy of 96.7% and 98.3%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility revealed an association between the different origins of samples, and also among the types of sample. Similarly, a comparison of the degree of resistance of antimicrobial agents between mecA gene positive and negative isolates showed significant differences. Vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin are still ef

Published
2020

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