49,810 results on '"Khan M"'
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2. Spectroscopic Assessment of Doxorubicin (DOX)-Gemcitabine (GEM) Gold Complex Nanovector as Diagnostic Tool of Galectin-1 Biomarker
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Khan M, Cherni K, Dekhili R, and Spadavecchia J
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gold-complex ,gemcitabine ,doxorubicin ,galectin-1protein ,raman spectroscopy ,nanovector ,diagnostic ,biomarkers. ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Memona Khan,* Khaoula Cherni,* Rawdha Dekhili, Jolanda Spadavecchia CNRS, UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratory of Chemistry, Structures and Properties of Biomaterials and Therapeutic Agents University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Rawdha Dekhili; Jolanda Spadavecchia, Email rawdhadekhilichimiste@gmail.com; jolanda.spadavecchia@univ-paris13.fr; jolanda.spadavecchia@gmail.comIntroduction: The aim of this study is focused on the development of theranostic hybrid nanovectors based on gold-doxorubicin (DOX)-gemcitabine (GEM) complexes and their active targeting with Galectin-1 (Gal-1) as a promising therapeutic and prognostic marker in cancer.Methods: For this purpose, a gold salt (HAuCl4) interacts with antitumor drugs (DOX; GEM) by chelation and then stabilizes with dicarboxylic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a biocompatible surfactant. The proposed methodology is fast and reproducible, and leads to the formation of a hybrid nanovector named GEM@DOX IN PEG-AuNPs, in which the chemo-biological stability was improved. All synthetic chemical products were evaluated using various spectroscopic techniques (Raman and UV–Vis spectroscopy) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Results: To conceive a therapeutic application, our hybrid nanovector (GEM@DOX IN PEG-AuNPs) was conjugated with the Galectin-1 protein (Gal-1) at different concentrations to predict and specifically recognize cancer cells. Gal-1 interacts with GEM@DOX in PEG-AuNPs, as shown by SPR and Raman measurements. We observed both dynamic variation in the plasmon position (SPR) and Raman band with Gal-1 concentration.Discussion: We identified that GEM grafted electrostatically onto DOX IN PEG-AuNPs assumes a better chemical conformation, in which the amino group (NH3+) reacts with the carboxylic (COO−) group of PEG diacide, whereas the ciclopenthanol group at position C-5’ reacts with NH3+ of DOX.Conclusion: This study opens further way in order to built “smart nanomedical devices” that could have a dual application as therapeutic and diagnostic in the field of nanomedicine and preclinical studies associated.Keywords: gold-complex, gemcitabine, doxorubicin, galectin-1 protein, Raman spectroscopy, nanovector, diagnostic, biomarkers
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- 2024
3. Mind Matters: Exploring the Intersection of Psychological Factors and Cognitive Abilities of University Students by Using ANN Model
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Khan M, Perwez SK, Gaddam RP, Aiswarya R, Abrar Basha M, Malas A, Haque S, and Ahmad F
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depression anxiety stress score ,dass ,montreal cognitive assessment ,moca ,college students ,artificial neural network ,predictive performance ,indian ,developing economies ,feature reduction ,feature weights ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Mohsin Khan,1,* Syed Khalid Perwez,2,* Rahul Paul Gaddam,2 Rabuni Aiswarya,2 Mohammed Abrar Basha,3 Abhradeep Malas,4 Shafiul Haque,5– 7 Faraz Ahmad4 1Department of Commerce, School of Social Science and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; 2VIT Business School, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; 3School of Life Sciences, B.S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India; 4Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India; 5Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 6Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; 7Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Faraz Ahmad, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India, Tel +91 8969 66 8060, Email faraz.ahmad@vit.ac.inPurpose: While previous studies have suggested close association of psychological variables of students withtheir higher-order cognitive abilities, such studies have largely been lacking for third world countries like India, with their unique socio-economic-cultural set of challenges. We aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological variables (depression, anxiety and stress) and cognitive functions among Indian students, and to predict cognitive performance as a function of these variables.Patients and Methods: Four hundred and thirteen university students were systematically selected using purposive sampling. Widely used and validated offline questionnaires were used to assess their psychological and cognitive statuses. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the associations between these variables. An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was applied to predict cognitive levels based on the scores of psychological variables.Results: Correlational analyses revealed negative correlations between emotional distress and cognitive functioning. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduced the dimensionality of the input data, effectively capturing the variance with fewer features. The feature weight analysis indicated a balanced contribution of each mental health symptom, with particular emphasis on one of the symptoms. The ANN model demonstrated moderate predictive performance, explaining a portion of the variance in cognitive levels based on the psychological variables.Conclusion: The study confirms significant associations between emotional statuses of university students with their cognitive abilities. Specifically, we provide evidence for the first time that in Indian students, self-reported higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression are linked to lower performance in cognitive tests. The application of PCA and feature weight analysis provided deeper insights into the structure of the predictive model. Notably, use of the ANN model provided insights into predicting these cognitive domains as a function of the emotional attributes. Our results emphasize the importance of addressing mental health concerns and implementing interventions for the enhancement of cognitive functions in university students.Keywords: depression anxiety stress score, DASS, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA, college students, artificial neural network, predictive performance, Indian, developing economies, feature reduction, feature weights
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- 2024
4. Investigation of nanomaterials in flow of non-Newtonian liquid toward a stretchable surface
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El Maati Lamia Abu, Khan M. Ijaz, Abdelmohsen Shaimaa A. M., and Alotaibi Badriah M.
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bioconvection ,micropolar nanofluid ,ohmic heating ,random and thermophoresis diffusions ,heat generation and radiation ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
This article features the buoyancy-driven electro-magnetohydrodynamic micropolar nanomaterial flow subjected to motile microorganisms. The flow is engendered via an elongating surface, and the energy relation includes heat source generation, magnetohydrodynamics, and radiation. A Buongiorno nanomaterial model (which includes thermophoretic and Brownian diffusions) together with chemical reaction and bioconvection aspects is pondered. The nonlinear governing expressions are transfigured into a dimensionless system, and the dimensionless expressions are computed using the numerical differential-solve scheme. Graphical analyses are conducted to examine the liquid flow, microrotation velocity, microorganism concentration, and temperature in relation to secondary variables. It is observed that a higher Hartman number has an opposite influence on temperature and velocity profiles. A rise in material variables engenders a decline in microrotation velocity. The temperature is enhanced through radiation. The concentration shows conflicting trends for both thermophoretic and random factors. The presence of motile microorganisms reduces the bioconvection Lewis and Peclet numbers.
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- 2023
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5. Thermo-solutal Marangoni convective Darcy-Forchheimer bio-hybrid nanofluid flow over a permeable disk with activation energy: Analysis of interfacial nanolayer thickness
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Mohanty D., Mahanta G., Byeon Haewon, Vignesh S., Shaw S., Khan M. Ijaz, Abduvalieva Dilsora, Govindan Vediyappan, Awwad Fuad A., and Ismail Emad A. A.
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thermo-solutal marangoni convection ,interfacial nanolayer thickness ,bio-hybrid nanofluid ,darcy-forchheimer flow ,chemical reactions ,activation energy ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The Marangoni convective phenomena have a unique impact on industries and medical tools. These phenomena are more prominent in the presence of dual nanoparticles (NPs) over base fluids such as blood that are surrounded by a thin interfacial nanolayer, an important feature to control the physical and thermal properties of the NP. In this problem, we have analysed the thermo-solutal Marangoni convective Darcy-Forchheimer flow of nanomaterials with the impact of the interfacial nanolayer. The results of the system of an exponential heat source, non-linear radiation, joule heating, and activation energy are discussed. An appropriate transition is applied to rationalise the substantially paired and nonlinear governing equations and then processed by the Galerkin finite element method (G-FEM). The impression of different governing parameters on the governing systems in conjunction with entropy and Bejan number is demonstrated through graphical and tabular form. Graphs are drawn with an evaluation of general and hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) and different nanolayer thicknesses of NPs. Activation energy and chemical reaction parameters restrict the Sherwood number, and the same is observed for the Nusselt number with an increase in the Brinkman and Eckert numbers. The thickness of the interfacial nanolayer of the NPs restricts the entropy generation of the system, while the entropy is higher for the HNF than the nanofluid. An opposite feature was observed for the Bejan number.
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- 2023
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6. Monitoring and Management of Respiratory Function in Pompe Disease: Current Perspectives
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El Haddad L, Khan M, Soufny R, Mummy D, Driehuys B, Mansour W, Kishnani PS, and ElMallah MK
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pompe disease ,respiratory complications ,respiratory therapy ,respiratory monitoring. ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Léa El Haddad,1 Mainur Khan,1 Rania Soufny,1 David Mummy,2 Bastiaan Driehuys,2 Wissam Mansour,3 Priya S Kishnani,4 Mai K ElMallah1 1Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; 2Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; 3Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; 4Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USACorrespondence: Mai K ElMallah, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Box 2644, Durham, NC, 27710, USA, Tel +1-919-684-3577, Email mai.elmallah@duke.eduAbstract: Pompe disease (PD) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by a deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) – a lysosomal enzyme responsible for hydrolyzing glycogen. GAA deficiency leads to accumulation of glycogen in lysosomes, causing cellular disruption. The severity of PD is directly related to the extent of GAA deficiency – if no or minimal GAA is produced, symptoms are severe and manifest in infancy, known as infantile onset PD (IOPD). If left untreated, infants with IOPD experience muscle hypotonia and cardio-respiratory failure leading to significant morbidity and mortality in the first year of life. In contrast, late-onset PD (LOPD) patients have more GAA activity and present later in life, but also have significant respiratory function decline. Despite FDA-approved enzyme replacement therapy, respiratory insufficiency remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality, emphasizing the importance of early detection and management of respiratory complications. These complications include impaired cough and airway clearance, respiratory muscle weakness, sleep-related breathing issues, and pulmonary infections. This review aims to provide an overview of the respiratory pathology, monitoring, and management of PD patients. In addition, we discuss the impact of novel approaches and therapies on respiratory function in PD.Keywords: Pompe disease, respiratory complications, respiratory monitoring, respiratory therapy
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- 2023
7. Novel in situ synthesis of quaternary core–shell metallic sulfide nanocomposites for degradation of organic dyes and hydrogen production
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Khan Yousaf, Sharafat Uzma, Gul Saima, Khan M. I., Ismail Muhammad, Khan Murad Ali, Younus Rafia, and Khan Sher Bahadar
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precipitation method ,green synthesis ,organic pollutants ,hydrogen gas ,brassica campestris ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Environmental remediation of toxic organic pollutants on catalytic degradation has gained much attention. Organic dyes and fossil fuels as pollutants are the two major problems nowadays. The efficient and targeted eradication of organic dye from water systems is a critical global concern for the treatment of both drinking water and wastewater. In this study, ZnO–ZnS–CdO–CdS quaternary core–shell nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized using Ricinus communis as a stabilizing agent and hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent. UV-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence confirmed the formation of NCs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups, while scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the morphology of nanomaterials was spherical and poly distributed. X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the crystalline nature of prepared samples. The prepared nanocatalysts were used in the production of hydrogen gas from green sources of the Brassica campestris leaf extract and the degradation of Congo red and methyl red dyes. Overall, the photocatalytic performance of NCs and their design was successful. The prepared catalysts were not only active in the degradation of a single substrate but also in the degradation of a mixture of dyes.
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- 2023
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8. Magic bubbles: utilizing histotripsy to modulate the tumor microenvironment and improve systemic anti-tumor immune responses
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Khan M. Imran, Anutosh Ganguly, Tamalika Paul, Manali Powar, Eli Vlaisavljevich, Clifford S. Cho, and Irving C. Allen
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Immunology ,abscopal effect ,cancer ,innate immunity ,adaptive immunity ,immunotherapy ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
AbstractFocused Ultrasound (FUS) is emerging as a promising primary and adjunct therapy for the treatment of cancer. This includes histotripsy, which is a noninvasive, non-ionizing, non-thermal ultrasound guided ablation modality. As histotripsy has progressed from bench-to-bedside, it has become evident that this therapy has benefits beyond local tumor ablation. Specifically, histotripsy has the potential to shift the local tumor microenvironment from immunologically ‘cold’ to ‘hot’. This is associated with the production of damage associated molecular patterns, the release of a selection of proinflammatory mediators, and the induction of inflammatory forms of cell death in cells just outside of the treatment zone. In addition to the induction of this innate immune response, histotripsy can also improve engagement of the adaptive immune system and promote systemic anti-tumor immunity targeting distal tumors and metastatic lesions. These tantalizing observations suggest that, in settings of widely metastatic disease burden, selective histotripsy of a limited number of accessible tumors could be a means of maximizing responsiveness to systemic immunotherapy. More work is certainly needed to optimize treatment strategies that best synergize histotripsy parameters with innate and adaptive immune responses. Likewise, rigorous clinical studies are still necessary to verify the presence and repeatability of these phenomena in human patients. As this technology nears regulatory approval for clinical use, it is our expectation that the insights and immunomodulatory mechanisms summarized in this review will serve as directional guides for rational clinical studies to validate and optimize the potential immunotherapeutic role of histotripsy tumor ablation.
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- 2023
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9. Isolation of dissolved organic matter from aqueous solution by precipitation with FeCl3: mechanisms and significance in environmental perspectives
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Jie Zhang, Khan M. G. Mostofa, Xuemei Yang, Mohammad Mohinuzzaman, Cong-Qiang Liu, Nicola Senesi, Giorgio S. Senesi, Donald L. Sparks, H. Henry Teng, Longlong Li, Jie Yuan, and Si-Liang Li
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Ferric ions can bind strongly with dissolved organic matter (DOM), including humic acids (HA), fulvic acids (FA), and protein-like substances, whereas isolation of Fe-DOM precipitates (Fe-DOMP) and their biochemical characteristics remain unclear. In this work FeCl3 was used to isolate DOM components from various sources, including river, lake, soil, cow dung, and standard tryptophan and tyrosine, through precipitation at pH 7.5–8.5. The Fe-DOMP contribute to total DOM by approximately 38.6–93.8% of FA, 76.2% of HA and 25.0–30.4% of tryptophan and tyrosine, whilst fluorescence spectra allowed to monitor/discriminate the various DOM fractions in the samples. The relative intensity of the main infrared peaks such as 3406‒3383 cm−1 (aromatic OH), 1689‒1635 cm−1 (‒COOH), 1523–1504 cm−1 (amide) and 1176–1033 cm−1 (‒S=O) show either to decline or disappear in Fe‒DOMP. These results suggest the occurrence of Fe bonds with various functional groups of DOM, indicating the formation of π–d electron bonding systems of different strengths in Fe‒DOMP. The novel method used for isolation of Fe-DOMP shows promising in opening a new frontier both at laboratory and industrial purposes. Furthermore, results obtained may provide a better understanding of metal–organic complexes involved in the regulation of the long-term stabilization/sequestration of DOM in soils and waters.
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- 2023
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10. New Parasitic records of Aves: Phasianidae (Alectoris chukar) in Malakand division northern, Pakistan
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Ullah A., Khan K., Bibi N., Ahmad S., Khan A., Ali M., Ali H., Khan M. F., Ghayyur S., Yasmin S., and Ul Haq A.
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chukar partridge ,helminth parasites ,northern pakistan ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
More than 24,000 species of helminth parasitize wild birds worldwide, and this number is expanding as interest in wildlife parasitology increases. The objective of the current study was to update the baseline of helminthological surveys conducted on chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) in northern Pakistan. After reviewing the available literature, a parasite-host association checklist was developed. Nematodes (53.8 %) were the most commonly reported parasite, followed by cestodes (15.3 %) and trematodes (15.3 %) respectively.
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- 2022
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11. DOTAREM (DOTA)–Gold-Nanoparticles: Design, Spectroscopic Evaluation to Build Hybrid Contrast Agents to Applications in Nanomedecine
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Khan M, Liu H, Sacco P, Marsich E, Li X, Djaker N, and Spadavecchia J
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nanotheranostic ,mri ,hybrid nanoparticles ,dotarem ,biomedical applications ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Memona Khan,1 Hui Liu,2 Pasquale Sacco,3,4 Eleonora Marsich,3,4 Xiaowu Li,2 Nadia Djaker,1 Jolanda Spadavecchia1 1CNRS, UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratory of Chemistry, Structures and Properties of Biomaterials and Therapeutic Agents University Paris13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France; 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases& Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital & Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, I-34127, Italy; 4Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, I-34129, ItalyCorrespondence: Nadia Djaker; Jolanda Spadavecchia, CNRS, UMR 7244, NBD-CSPBAT, Laboratory of Chemistry, Structures and Properties of Biomaterials and Therapeutic Agents University Paris13, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France, Email nadia.djaker@univ-paris13.fr; jolanda.spadavecchia@univ-paris13.frIntroduction: The realization of MRI contrast agents through chemical protocols of functionalization is a strong domain of research. In this work, we developed and formulated a novel hybrid gold nanoparticle system in which a gold salt (HAuCl4) is combined with dotarem, an MRI contrast agent (DOTA) by chelation (Method IN) and stabilized by a lactose-modified chitosan polymer (CTL; Chitlac) to form DOTA IN-CTL AuNPs.Result and Discussion: The authors demonstrate the biological efficiency of these nanoparticles in the case of three cell lines: Mia PaCa-2 (human pancreatic cancer cell line), TIB-75 (murine liver cell line) and KKU-M213 (cholangiocarcinoma cell line). DOTA IN-CTL AuNPs are stable under physiological conditions, are nontoxic, and are very efficient as PTT agents. The highlights, such as high stability and preliminary MRI in vitro and in vivo models, may be suitable for diagnosis and therapy.Conclusion: We proved that DOTA IN-CTL AuNPs have several advantages: i) Biological efficacy on three cell lines: MIA PaCa-2 (human pancreatic cancer cell line), TIB-75 (murine liver cell line) and KKU-M213 (cholangiocarcinoma cell line); ii) high stability, and no-toxicity; iii) high efficiency as a PPT agent. The study conducted on MRI in vitro and in vivo models will be suitable for diagnosis and therapy.Keywords: nanotheranostic, MRI, hybrid nanoparticles, dotarem, biomedical applications
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- 2022
12. Green synthesis of manganese-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the effective removal of Pb(ii) from aqueous solutions
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Rehman Ata Ur, Sharafat Uzma, Gul Saima, Khan Murad Ali, Khan Sher Bahadar, Ismail Muhammad, and Khan M. I.
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green synthesis ,asparagus officinalis ,magnetization ,heavy metal ,drinking water ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In the current study, pure and manganese-doped superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Mn-doped SPIONPs) were successfully prepared by a green approach using a fresh aqueous extract of Asparagus officinalis as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Magnetic behaviors of pure and Mn-doped SPIONPs were measured at room temperature against various field strengths by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The saturation magnetization was in the range of 5.39–2.07 emu. Absorption at 340 nm in the UV-visible spectrum confirmed the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The presence of plant extract as a capping agent was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The crystalline nature of IONPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. A gradual increase in size was observed with increasing concentration of Mn. The synthesized materials were applied successfully as sorbent for the effective removal of lead ions (Pb(ii)). Experimental results of adsorption were also analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations at different temperatures. The results suggested that sorption processes were spontaneous, and the synthesized SPIONPs displayed PbII removal capacity at higher loadings with q m of 21.3 and 29.56 mg·g−1 for undoped and 7% Mn-doped IOPNs, respectively, as compared to the commercial activated carbon.
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- 2022
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13. Experience of Telemedicine in Gastroenterology Out-Patient Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences from a Tertiary-Care Hospital in a Developing Country
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Shaikh A, Khan M, and Ismail FW
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telemedicine ,gastroenterology ,teleconsultation ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Anjiya Shaikh,1,* Maria Khan,2,* Faisal Waseem Ismail3 1Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA; 2Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan; 3Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Faisal Waseem Ismail, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, Tel +92-3009214175, Email faisal.ismail@aku.eduObjective: Telemedicine is being widely implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic to avoid infection risk. However, its effectiveness has not been evaluated, especially in developing countries, where it is invaluable for healthcare access. This study assesses physicians’ and patients’ perspectives of the usefulness and challenges of telemedicine in the gastroenterology department to identify its pitfalls.Methods: A cross-sectional telephonic survey was conducted on patients presenting to the gastroenterology department at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. An online survey was sent to physicians in the department.Results: A total of 160 patients participated, with a mean age 49.8 years, and 42.8% (n=68) males. There were 23.8% (n=38) initial visits and 76.3% (n=122) follow-ups. More than 85% of patients agreed telemedicine saved cost and time, 46.5% (n=74) said it improved healthcare access, and 76.3% (n=122) wanted to use it again. More than 80% were satisfied with the physician-patient interaction. Of the 7 physicians who participated, most felt telemedicine was inadequately facilitated, but felt comfortable with technology. Most felt it did not negatively affect healthcare, but thought it was complex for patients and that lack of physical interaction is a limitation. Nearly half were in favor of continuing its use after the pandemic.Conclusion: Telemedicine is an effective alternative to in-person visits. Patients find it convenient, with adequate interaction. Physicians have reservations that need addressal, such as poor administration. Most patients and half of physicians are welcome to using telemedicine in the post-COVID era.Keywords: telemedicine, gastroenterology, teleconsultation
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- 2022
14. Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026
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Angela E Micah, Kayleigh Bhangdia, Ian E Cogswell, Dylan Lasher, Brendan Lidral-Porter, Emilie R Maddison, Trang Nhu Ngoc Nguyen, Nishali Patel, Paola Pedroza, Juan Solorio, Hayley Stutzman, Golsum Tsakalos, Yifeng Wang, Wesley Warriner, Yingxi Zhao, Bianca S Zlavog, Cristiana Abbafati, Jaffar Abbas, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Michael Abdelmasseh, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Aidin Abedi, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, E S Abhilash, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hassan Abolhassani, Michael R M Abrigo, Hiwa Abubaker Ali, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Mohammed Hussien Adem, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Ali Ahmadi, Haroon Ahmed, Tarik Ahmed Rashid, Budi Aji, Hossein Akbarialiabad, Yibeltal Akelew, Hanadi Al Hamad, Khurshid Alam, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M Alanzi, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Sami Almustanyir, Rajaa M Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Nelson J Alvis-Zakzuk, Azmeraw T Amare, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Mostafa Amini-Rarani, Hubert Amu, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Francis Appiah, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Aleksandr Y Aravkin, Olatunde Aremu, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Samad Azari, Atif Amin Baig, Abere Tilahun Bantie, Amadou Barrow, Pritish Baskaran, Sanjay Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Bernhard T Baune, Zombor Berezvai, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Micheal Kofi Boachie, Virginia Bodolica, João Silva Botelho Botelho, Dejana Braithwaite, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Reinhard Busse, Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado, Ferrán Catalá-López, Collins Chansa, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Simiao Chen, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Omid Dadras, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Abdollah Dargahi, Sisay Abebe Debela, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Belay Desye, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Nancy Diao, Linh Phuong Doan, Milad Dodangeh, Wendel Mombaque dos Santos, Leila Doshmangir, John Dube, Ebrahim Eini, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Maha El Tantawi, Daniel Berhanie Enyew, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Mohamad Ezati Asar, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Emerito Jose A Faraon, Ali Fatehizadeh, Hamed Fattahi, Ginenus Fekadu, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A Foigt, Kayode Raphael Fowobaje, Alberto Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, Nancy Fullman, Peter Andras Gaal, Amiran Gamkrelidze, M A Garcia-Gordillo, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Urge Gerema, Mansour Ghafourifard, Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari, Reza Ghanbari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Mahaveer Golechha, Davide Golinelli, Yitayal Ayalew Goshu, Girma Garedew Goyomsa, Avirup Guha, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Bhawna Gupta, Samer Hamidi, Harapan Harapan, Reza Hashempour, Khezar Hayat, Golnaz Heidari, Ileana Heredia-Pi, Claudiu Herteliu, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni Hlongwa, Ramesh Holla, Mohammad Enamul Hoque, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Sorin Hostiuc, Salman Hussain, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Mustapha Immurana, Arnaud Iradukunda, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Gaetano Isola, Linda Merin J, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Mahsa Jalili, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Digisie Mequanint Jemere, Tamas Joo, Nitin Joseph, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Billingsley Kaambwa, Vidya Kadashetti, Rajendra Kadel, Dler Hussein Kadir, Laleh R Kalankesh, Rajesh Kamath, Himal Kandel, Rami S Kantar, Shama D Karanth, Ibraheem M Karaye, Salah Eddin Karimi, Bekalu Getnet Kassa, Gbenga A Kayode, Leila Keikavoosi-Arani, Vikash Ranjan Keshri, Cumali Keskin, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Himanshu Khajuria, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Hanna Kim, Jihee Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Stefan Kohler, Farzad Kompani, Soewarta Kosen, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Dian Kusuma, Judit Lám, Demetris Lamnisos, Anders O Larsson, Sang-woong Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Jacopo Lenzi, Lee-Ling Lim, László Lorenzovici, Rafael Lozano, Vanessa Sintra Machado Machado, Farzan Madadizadeh, Mohammed Magdy Abd El Razek, Razzagh Mahmoudi, Azeem Majeed, Mohammad-Reza Malekpour, Ana Laura Manda, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Miquel Martorell, Ali Masoud, Elezebeth Mathews, Richard James Maude, Enkeleint A Mechili, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, José João João Mendes Mendes, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Mohamed Kamal Mesregah, Tomislav Mestrovic, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M Mirrakhimov, Mizan Kiros Mirutse, Moonis Mirza, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Awoke Misganaw, Marcello Moccia, Javad Moghadasi, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Mokhtar Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Marita Mohammadshahi, Shafiu Mohammed, Mohammad Mohseni, Ali H Mokdad, Lorenzo Monasta, Elias Mossialos, Ebrahim Mostafavi, Haleh Mousavi Isfahani, Christine Mpundu-Kaambwa, Shruti Murthy, Saravanan Muthupandian, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Kovin S Naidoo, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Rawlance Ndejjo, Trang Huyen Nguyen, Nafise Noroozi, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Khan M Nuruzzaman, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Felix Chukwudi Abrahams Obi, Abiola Ogunkoya, In-Hwan Oh, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T Olagunju, Tinuke O Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E Onwujekwe, John Nelson Opio, Adrian Otoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S Otstavnov, Mayowa O Owolabi, Tamás Palicz, Raffaele Palladino, Adrian Pana, Tarang Parekh, Deepak Kumar Pasupula, Jay Patel, George C Patton, Uttam Paudel, Mihaela Paun, Shrikant Pawar, Simone Perna, Navaraj Perumalsamy, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Mohsen Poursadeqiyan, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Sergio I Prada, Sima Rafiei, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Fakher Rahim, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Temam Beshir Raru, Sina Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Ramin Ravangard, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Robert C Reiner, Jr., Andre M N Renzaho, Maryam Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Mavra A Riaz, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Aly M A Saad, Basema Saddik, Saeid Sadeghian, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Maitreyi Sahu, Morteza Saki, Payman Salamati, Hedayat Salari, Sana Salehi, Abdallah M Samy, Juan Sanabria, Francesco Sanmarchi, João Vasco Santos, Milena M Santric-Milicevic, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, Yaser Sarikhani, Brijesh Sathian, Maheswar Satpathy, Miloje Savic, Yaser Sayadi, Falk Schwendicke, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson Serván-Mori, Naomi Setshegetso, Allen Seylani, Saeed Shahabi, Masood Ali Shaikh, Murad Ziyaudinovich Shakhmardanov, Mohd Shanawaz, Mequannent Melaku Sharew Sharew, Nigussie Tadesse Sharew, Rajesh Sharma, Maryam Shayan, Aziz Sheikh, Suchitra M Shenoy, Adithi Shetty, Pavanchand H Shetty, K M Shivakumar, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Wudneh Simegn, Jasvinder A Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Natia Skhvitaridze, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Bogdan Socea, Yonatan Solomon, Suhang Song, Simona Cătălina Ștefan, Muhammad Suleman, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Nathan Y Tat, Vivian Y Tat, Belay Negash Tefera, Ales Tichopad, Ruoyan Tobe-Gai, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Lorainne Tudor Car, Derara Girma Tufa, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Milena Vasic, Dominique Vervoort, Vasily Vlassov, Bay Vo, Linh Gia Vu, Yasir Waheed, Richard G Wamai, Cong Wang, Gizachew Tadesse Wassie, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Sanni Yaya, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yiğit, Naohiro Yonemoto, Mustafa Z Younis, Chuanhua Yu, Ismaeel Yunusa, Leila Zaki, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Alireza Zangeneh, Ali Zare Dehnavi, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Wu Zeng, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Liesl J Zuhlke, Yves Miel H Zuniga, Simon I Hay, Christopher J L Murray, and Joseph L Dieleman
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted gaps in health surveillance systems, disease prevention, and treatment globally. Among the many factors that might have led to these gaps is the issue of the financing of national health systems, especially in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), as well as a robust global system for pandemic preparedness. We aimed to provide a comparative assessment of global health spending at the onset of the pandemic; characterise the amount of development assistance for pandemic preparedness and response disbursed in the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic; and examine expectations for future health spending and put into context the expected need for investment in pandemic preparedness. Methods: In this analysis of global health spending between 1990 and 2021, and prediction from 2021 to 2026, we estimated four sources of health spending: development assistance for health (DAH), government spending, out-of-pocket spending, and prepaid private spending across 204 countries and territories. We used the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Creditor Reporting System (CRS) and the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) to estimate spending. We estimated development assistance for general health, COVID-19 response, and pandemic preparedness and response using a keyword search. Health spending estimates were combined with estimates of resources needed for pandemic prevention and preparedness to analyse future health spending patterns, relative to need. Findings: In 2019, at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, US$9·2 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·1–9·3) was spent on health worldwide. We found great disparities in the amount of resources devoted to health, with high-income countries spending $7·3 trillion (95% UI 7·2–7·4) in 2019; 293·7 times the $24·8 billion (95% UI 24·3–25·3) spent by low-income countries in 2019. That same year, $43·1 billion in development assistance was provided to maintain or improve health. The pandemic led to an unprecedented increase in development assistance targeted towards health; in 2020 and 2021, $1·8 billion in DAH contributions was provided towards pandemic preparedness in LMICs, and $37·8 billion was provided for the health-related COVID-19 response. Although the support for pandemic preparedness is 12·2% of the recommended target by the High-Level Independent Panel (HLIP), the support provided for the health-related COVID-19 response is 252·2% of the recommended target. Additionally, projected spending estimates suggest that between 2022 and 2026, governments in 17 (95% UI 11–21) of the 137 LMICs will observe an increase in national government health spending equivalent to an addition of 1% of GDP, as recommended by the HLIP. Interpretation: There was an unprecedented scale-up in DAH in 2020 and 2021. We have a unique opportunity at this time to sustain funding for crucial global health functions, including pandemic preparedness. However, historical patterns of underfunding of pandemic preparedness suggest that deliberate effort must be made to ensure funding is maintained. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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- 2023
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15. Expression Characteristics and Significant Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of ANLN in Human Cancers
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Ahmad M, Khan M, Asif R, Sial N, Abid U, Shamim T, Hameed Z, Iqbal MJ, Sarfraz U, Saeed H, Asghar Z, Akram M, Ullah Q, Younas QUA, Rauf L, Hadi A, Maryam S, Hameed Y, Khan MR, Tariq E, and Saeed S
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cancer: anln: diagnostic: prognostic: biomarker ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Mukhtiar Ahmad,1,* Mehran Khan,2,* Rizwan Asif,3,* Nuzhat Sial,4,* Usman Abid,5,* Tahira Shamim,6 Zahid Hameed,7 Muhammad Junaid Iqbal,8,* Uroosa Sarfraz,8 Hina Saeed,1,* Zara Asghar,2 Madeeha Akram,2 Qamar Ullah,9 Qurat ul Ain Younas,10 Laraib Rauf,11 Alishba Hadi,1 Sajida Maryam,12 Yasir Hameed,1 Muhammad Rashid Khan,13,* Eman Tariq,14 Saba Saeed15,* 1Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 2Department of Pharmacy, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 3Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 4Department of Zoology, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 5Department of Pharmaceutics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; 6University College of Conventional Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 7Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan; 8Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; 9Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Peshawar, Pakistan; 10Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 11Department of Healthcare Management, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan; 12Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; 13University College of Eastern Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan; 14Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan; 15Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yasir Hameed, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan, Email Yasirhameed2011@gmail.comIntroduction: In light of the increased demand for reliable cancer-associated biomarkers and ANLN oncogenic potential, the present study aimed to investigate ANLN’s role in 24 human cancers.Methods: The UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter, TNM Plot, GENT2, GEPIA, HPA, cBioPortal, STRING, Enrichr, TIMER, Cytoscape, DAVID, MuTarget, and CTD online databases and bioinformatic tools were used in this study.Results: In three of the cancers analyzed, ANLN expression was downregulated in tumor tissue, while it was overexpressed in the 21 other types of tumor tissue relative to controls. In CESC, ESCA, HNSC, and KIRC patients, ANLN overexpression was correlated with shorter overall survival, relapse-free survival, and metastasis. This suggests that ANLN is significantly involved in the development and progression of these four cancers. Further expression analysis revealed upregulation of ANLN in CESC, ESCA, HNSC, and KIRC patients with different clinical characteristics, regardless of the heterogeneity barrier. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that ANLN-associated genes were coexpressed with ANLN and were included in diverse BP, MF, and KEGG terms. Moreover, some interesting correlations were also documented between ANLN expression and its promoter-methylation level, genetic alterations, other mutant genes, and CD8+ T- and CD4+ T-cell infiltration. Moreover, we also identified ANLN-associated transcription factors, miRNAs, and chemotherapeutic drugs.Conclusion: This pan-cancer study revealed the novel diagnostic and prognostic role of ANLN across four cancers, regardless of heterogeneity.Keywords: cancer, ANLN, diagnostic, prognostic, biomarker
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- 2022
16. Photo-illuminated Glutathione Inactivates Alpha-2-macroglobulin: Spectroscopic and Thermodynamic Studies
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Syed Saqib Ali, Haseeb Ahsan, Sana Ansari, Khan M Abdullah, and Fahim Halim Khan
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Pathology ,RB1-214 ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Background: Glutathione (GSH) is a principle thiol-containing tripeptide (cysteine, glutamic acid and glycine) antioxidant against free radicals and other harmful oxidants in cellular defence. The alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) is large tetrameric zinc-binding glycoprotein which inhibits proteinases regardless of their specificity and catalytic mechanism. Materials and Methods: The interaction of GSH was analyzed with α2M including the structural and functional alterations in α2M using various biochemical and biophysical methods. UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study the binding of α2M with GSH and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was explored to study the structural change induced in α2M. Results: The results suggest that exposure of α2M to GSH decreases the antiproteolytic potential as suggested by the amidase assay. The UV-spectroscopic study showed the formation of α2M-GSH complex and fluorescence analysis showed significant quenching in fluorescence intensity of α2M suggesting GSH binding and structural alteration in the protein. FT-IR spectroscopy was explored to study the structural change induced in α2M which suggest that the secondary structure of α2M changes upon complex formation. Conclusion: Our studies show that interaction of α2M with photoilluminated GSH results in functional and conformational changes of the protein. Keywords: glutathione, GSH, alpha-2-macroglobulin, photo-illumination, ITC, FTIR
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- 2022
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17. Prevalence of Insomnia Among Patients with Bronchial Asthma
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AL-Harbi A, Alanazi T, Alghamdi H, Alberreet M, Alkewaibeen A, Alkhalifah A, Omair A, Khan M, and AL-Jahdali H
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prevalence ,asthma ,insomnia ,asthma control ,insomnia severity index ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abdullah AL-Harbi,1– 3 Tammam Alanazi,1 Hazim Alghamdi,1 Meshal Alberreet,1 Abdulaziz Alkewaibeen,1 Abdulrahman Alkhalifah,1 Aamir Omair,1,4 Mohammad Khan,1– 3 Hamdan AL-Jahdali1– 3 1College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Medical education, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdullah AL-HarbiDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, MC 1443, Riyadh, 11426, Saudi Arabia, Email harbia7@ngha.med.sa; draalharbi@yahoo.comBackground: Insomnia is commonly reported in patients with asthma. However, the prevalence of insomnia and its relationship to asthma control have not been established.Objective: To determine the prevalence of insomnia in adults with asthma and to evaluate the association between insomnia and level of asthma control.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 200 patients recruited from pulmonary clinics at a tertiary care center. Adults (age ≥ 16 years) diagnosed with asthma by the primary treating physician were recruited over a 6-month period from December 2018 to May 2019. Asthma and insomnia severity were assessed using the Asthma Control Test and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).Results: The mean age of participants was 51± 17 years, and 67% were female. Insomnia (ISI score ≥ 10) was present in 46.5% of the participants. The severity of insomnia was inversely related to the level of asthma control: moderate-to-severe insomnia was more frequent in patients with uncontrolled asthma (43%) than in those with partially controlled asthma (25%) or well-controlled asthma (12%) (P < 0.05 for all comparisons).Conclusion: Insomnia is common among patients with asthma, especially those with suboptimal asthma control. Further investigations are required to more fully understand the complex relationship between asthma and insomnia.Keywords: prevalence, asthma, insomnia, asthma control, Insomnia Severity Index
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- 2022
18. Prediction of Rapid Early Progression and Survival Risk with Pre-Radiation MRI in WHO Grade 4 Glioma Patients
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Walia Farzana, Mustafa M. Basree, Norou Diawara, Zeina A. Shboul, Sagel Dubey, Marie M. Lockhart, Mohamed Hamza, Joshua D. Palmer, and Khan M. Iftekharuddin
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rapid early progression (REP) ,pre-radiation MRI ,radiomics ,glioblastoma (GB) ,machine learning (ML) ,survival analysis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Recent clinical research describes a subset of glioblastoma patients that exhibit REP prior to the start of radiation therapy. Current literature has thus far described this population using clinicopathologic features. To our knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the potential of conventional radiomics, sophisticated multi-resolution fractal texture features, and different molecular features (MGMT, IDH mutations) as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for prediction of REP from non-REP cases using computational and statistical modeling methods. The radiation-planning T1 post-contrast (T1C) MRI sequences of 70 patients are analyzed. An ensemble method with 5-fold cross-validation over 1000 iterations offers an AUC of 0.793 ± 0.082 for REP versus non-REP classification. In addition, copula-based modeling under dependent censoring (where a subset of the patients may not be followed up with until death) identifies significant features (p-value < 0.05) for survival probability and prognostic grouping of patient cases. The prediction of survival for the patients’ cohort produces a precision of 0.881 ± 0.056. The prognostic index (PI) calculated using the fused features shows that 84.62% of REP cases fall under the bad prognostic group, suggesting the potential of fused features for predicting a higher percentage of REP cases. The experimental results further show that multi-resolution fractal texture features perform better than conventional radiomics features for prediction of REP and survival outcomes.
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- 2023
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19. Efficacy and Toxicity Profile of Carfilzomib-Based Regimens for Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review
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Imtiaz H, Khan M, Ehsan H, Wahab A, Rafae A, Khan AY, Jamil A, Sana MK, Jamal A, Ali TJ, Ansar I, Khan MM, Khouri J, and Anwer F
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carfilzomib ,newly diagnosed multiple myeloma ,safety ,efficacy ,systematic review ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Hassaan Imtiaz,1 Maimoona Khan,2 Hamid Ehsan,3 Ahsan Wahab,4 Abdul Rafae,5 Ali Y Khan,6 Abdur Jamil,7 Muhammad Khawar Sana,8 Abdullah Jamal,1 Taimoor Jaffar Ali,1 Iqraa Ansar,2 Muzammil M Khan,9 Jack Khouri,10 Faiz Anwer10 1Department of Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan; 2Department of Medicine, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan; 3Department of Hematology/Oncology, Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA; 4Hospital Medicine/Internal Medicine, Baptist Medical Center South, Montgomery, AL, USA; 5Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Regional Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA; 6Department of Internal Medicine, St. Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI, USA; 7Department of Internal Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA; 8Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA; 9Department of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; 10Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Multiple Myeloma Program, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USACorrespondence: Muhammad Khawar SanaDepartment of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USAEmail khawar_sana@yahoo.comAbstract: Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a proteasome inhibitor currently approved for the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Multiple trials are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy and safety in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). The use of CFZ-based two- or three-drug combination regimens as induction for the management of NDMM is an emerging approach. CFZ-based regimens include combinations of immunomodulators, alkylating agents, and monoclonal antibodies along with dexamethasone. In this review, we assess the efficacy and toxicity of CFZ-based regimens in NDMM. We reviewed a total of 27 studies (n=4538 patients) with overall response rates (ORR) ranging between 80% and 100%. Studies evaluating the combination of CFZ with daratumumab reported an ORR of approximately 100%. Achievement of minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity, measured by multi-parameter flow cytometry (MPFC), ranged between 60% and 95% in 4 (n=251) out of 6 studies that measured MRD-negativity. The interim results of the ENDURANCE trial failed to show superior efficacy and progression-free survival (PFS) of carfilzomib-lenalidomide when compared to bortezomib–lenalidomide combination, albeit with a lower incidence of neuropathy. Hematological toxicity was the most common adverse event observed with these regimens, and the most common non-hematological adverse events were related to cardiovascular and electrolyte disturbances. We need to further evaluate the role of CFZ in NDMM by conducting more Phase III trials with different combinations.Keywords: carfilzomib, newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, safety, efficacy, systematic review
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- 2021
20. Anti-PD1 Therapy Plus Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy May Prolong PFS in Selected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: A Retrospective Study
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Khan M, Zhao Z, Li X, and Liao G
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brain metastasis (bm) ,whole brain radiation therapy (wbrt) ,non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc) ,immune checkpoint blockade (icb) ,combination (combined) therapy ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Muhammad Khan,1,2 Zhihong Zhao,3 Xianming Li,1 Guixiang Liao1 1Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Second Clinical Medicine Centre, Jinan University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guixiang Liao; Xianming LiDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail liaoguixiang@163.com; chenlhnfy@163.comBackground: Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) remains an essential modality of treatment for brain metastases (BMs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and anti-PD-1 therapy has demonstrated intracranial responses in these patients. We aimed to evaluate if the combination of the two treatments could yield additive efficacy.Methods: A retrospective review of our institution’s database was carried out to identify NSCLC patients with BMs who had been treated with anti-PD1 therapy and/or WBRT between 2015 and 2020. Patient characteristics, main outcomes, including progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), and factors affecting these outcomes were analyzed. SPSS 24 was used for statistical analysis. Appropriate statistical tests were employed according to the type of data.Results: Overall, 21 NSCLC BM patients were identified that had received WBRT. Of these, ten had been additionally treated with anti-PD1 therapy within 30 days of WBRT initiation. Median PFS was 3 (95% CI 0.8– 5.1) months with WBRT alone versus 11 (95% CI 6.3– 15.6) months with combined treatment. Risk of disease progression was 71% lower with the combined approach (HR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11– 0.80; p=0.016). A trend toward improved OS was also observed with the combined approach (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.08– 1.12; p=0.107). Concurrent treatment (p=0.028) and male sex (p=0.052) were associated with improved PFS, while OS was associated only with age (p=0.02).Conclusion: Concurrent WBRT and anti-PD1 therapy may delay progression and improve survival in BM patients with confirmed EGFR- and ALK-negative NSCLC histology. Prospective studies are warranted to validate and elucidate on the additive effect of the two modalities.Keywords: brain metastasis, BM, whole-brain radiation therapy, WBRT, non–small cell lung cancer, NSCLC, immune checkpoint blockade, ICB, combination, combined therapy
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- 2021
21. Factors That Affect Patient Attrition in Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder: A Retrospective Real-World Study Using Electronic Health Records
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Ker S, Hsu J, Balani A, Mukherjee SS, Rush AJ, Khan M, Elchehabi S, Huffhines S, DeMoss D, Rentería ME, and Sarkar J
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opioids ,buprenorphine ,buprenorphine dosing ,treatment engagement ,treatment retention ,treatment dropout ,predictors ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Sheryl Ker,1,* Jennifer Hsu,2,* Anisha Balani,1,* Sankha Subhra Mukherjee,1 A John Rush,3– 5 Mehreen Khan,2 Sara Elchehabi,2 Seth Huffhines,2 Dustin DeMoss,2,6 Miguel E Rentería,1 Joydeep Sarkar1 1Holmusk Technologies, Inc., New York, NY, USA; 2John Peter Smith Health Network, Fort Worth, TX, USA; 3Department of Psychiatry, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore; 4Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; 5Texas Tech Health Sciences Center, Odessa, TX, USA; 6University of North Texas Health Science Center/Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Miguel E Rentería; Joydeep SarkarHolmusk Technologies, Inc., 4th Floor, 54 Thompson St, New York, NY, 10012, USAEmail miguel.renteria@holmusk.com; joydeep.sarkar@holmusk.comPurpose: To describe attrition patterns of opioid use disorder (OUD) patients treated with buprenorphine (BUP) and to assess how clinical, sociodemographic, or BUP medication dosing features are associated with attrition.Patients and Methods: Electronic health records of adults (16+ year-olds) with OUD treated with BUP from 23 different substance use or mental health care programs across 11 US states were examined for one year following BUP initiation in inpatient (IP), intensive outpatient (IOP), or outpatient (OP) settings. Treatment attrition was declared at > 37 days following the last recorded visit. Survival analyses and predictive modelling were used.Results: Retention was consistently 2– 3 times higher following BUP initiation in OP (n = 2409) than in IP/IOP (n = 2749) settings after 2 (50% vs 25%), 6 (27% vs 9%) and 12 months (14% vs 4%). Retention was higher for females, whites (vs blacks), and those with less severe OUD, better global function, or not using non-psychotropic medications. Comorbid substance use, other psychiatric disorders, and the number of psychotropic medications were variously related to retention depending on the setting in which BUP was initiated. Predictive modelling revealed that a higher global assessment of functioning and a smaller OUD severity based on the Clinical Global Impression – Severity led to longer retentions, a higher initial BUP dose led to higher retention in a few cases, an OP setting of BUP initiation led to longer retentions, and a lower total number of psychotropic and non-psychotropic medications led to longer retentions. These were the most important parameters in the model, which identified 75.2% of patients who left BUP treatment within three months post-initiation, with a precision of 90.5%.Conclusion: Of all the OUD patients who began BUP, 50– 75% left treatment within three months, and most could be accurately identified. This could facilitate patient-centered management to better retain OUD patients in BUP treatment.Keywords: opioids, buprenorphine, buprenorphine dosing, treatment engagement, treatment retention, treatment dropout, predictors
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- 2021
22. Continuous production-degradation of dissolved organic matter provides signals of biogeochemical processes from terrestrial to marine end-members
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Khan M. G. Mostofa, Hiroshi Sakugawa, Jie Yuan, Cong-Qiang Liu, Nicola Senesi, Mohammad Mohinuzzaman, Yijun Liu, Xuemei Yang, Davide Vione, and Si-Liang Li
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Natural dissolved organic matter ,fluorescent dissolved organic matter ,freshwater ,Marine water ,photodegradation ,microbial degradation ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Published
- 2022
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23. Efficacy and Safety of Actively Personalized Neoantigen Vaccination in the Management of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review
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Khan M, Li X, Yan M, Li Z, Yang H, and Liao G
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glioblastoma ,gbm ,active immunotherapy ,personalized peptide vaccination ,neoantigen ,immunogenicity ,safety ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Muhammad Khan,1,2 Xianming Li,1 Maosheng Yan,1 Zihuang Li,1 Hongli Yang,1 Guixiang Liao1 1Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guixiang LiaoDepartment of Oncology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 755 22942401Email liaoguixiang@163.comPurpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) shows frequent relapse and is highly resistant to treatment; therefore, it is considered fatal. Various vaccination protocols that have been tested in patients with GBM, which is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, have indicated safety and efficacy, to some extent, when used alone or in combination with standard of care. Recently, neoantigen-based personalized vaccines have shown tremendous immunogenicity and safety in GBM. We aimed to systematically review the medical literature for clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of neoantigen-based personalized vaccines for newly diagnosed GBM.Methods: We conducted a literature search for clinical trials on PubMed, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and ClinicalTrials.gov until March 20, 2021. The primary outcomes of interest were immunogenicity and safety of the therapy. Efficacy outcomes, such as progression-free survival and overall survival, were secondary outcomes of interest.Results: Two clinical trials involving 24 patients were included in this review. High immunogenicity was observed in both studies. The GAPVAC-101 trial reported 50% APVAC1-induced and 84.7% APVAC2-induced immunogenicity with CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses in 92% (12/13) and 80% (8/10) immune responders, respectively. Two out of five patients showed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in the study by Keskin et al. Dexamethasone use had limited immunogenicity in a trial by Keskin et al (6/8). No serious treatment-related adverse events were reported.Conclusion: Actively personalized vaccines aimed at unmutated peptides and neoantigens for patients with GBM are safe and highly immunogenic, particularly when administered in combination. Larger studies are warranted to investigate the role.Keywords: glioblastoma, GBM, active immunotherapy, personalized peptide vaccination, neoantigen, immunogenicity, safety
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- 2021
24. Comparison of the outcome of transverse and circumferential capitonnage in surgical treatment of pulmonary hydatid cyst - a single centre study
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Farooq Ahmad Ganie, Masarat-ul Gani, Khan M Yaqoob, Syed Mohsin Manzoor, G N Lone, Abdual Majeed Dar, Mohd Akbar Bhat, and Mudasir Hamid Bhat
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Medicine - Abstract
Background and objectives: The enucleation of the pulmonary hydatid cyst is followed by individual closure of bronchial air leaks and obliteration of the residual pericystic cavity by capitonnage, either by circumferential or interrupted transverse suture. The objective of the study was to compare the surgical outcome of transverse and circumferential capitonnage in terms of postoperative recovery course, residual cavitations, air leaks, cavitatory or pleural collections and the recurrence of primary disease after enucleation of the pulmonary hydatid cyst. Methods: Patients with pulmonary hydatid cyst were included in the study and divided into two groups. Each group consisted of 30 patients. Patients of Group-1 underwent enucleation of the hydatid cyst followed by closure of bronchial air leaks with classical circumferential closure of the cavity and patients of Group-2 had enucleation of the hydatid cyst and closure of the cavity by transverse capitonnage. Results: Ten cases (33.33%) of Group-1 had hospital stay for more than 5 days compared to 4(13.33%) in Group-2 (p=0.03). Out of 30 patients who had undergone circumferential closure of the hydatid cavity, 5 (16.67%) patients had residual cavitatory fluid collection while there was none in the other group. In Group-1, 7 (23.3%) cases had reactionary intrapleural fluid collection compared to 2 (6.6%) in Group-2 (p=0.035). After 3 months of follow-up, 4 patients in circumferential capitonnage had mild haemoptysis and 1 had aspergilloma while no such complication occurred in any patient in the transverse capitonnage group. No recurrence of cyst occurred in any case in both groups. Conclusion: There was a considerable advantage of transverse capitonnage of the hydatid lung cavity after enucleation in terms of short hospital stay, minimal or no reactionary intrapleural or intra cavitatory collections and less air leaks. IMC J Med Sci 2021; 15(2): 002 *Correspondence: Farooq Ahmad Ganie, Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar -190011, J & K, India. E-mail: farooq.ganie@yamil.com
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- 2021
25. Sol–Gel Synthesis of Dy-Substituted Ni0.4Cu0.2Zn0.4(Fe2-xDyx)O4 Nano Spinel Ferrites and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antibiofilm and Anticancer Potentialities for Biomedical Application
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Ansari MA, Akhtar S, Rauf MA, Alomary MN, AlYahya S, Alghamdi S, Almessiere MA, Baykal A, Khan F, Adil SF, Khan M, and Hatshan MR
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biomedical application ,nano spinel ferrites ,mrsa ,candida albicans ,biofilm ,ultrastructural alteration ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Mohammad Azam Ansari,1 Sultan Akhtar,2 Mohd Ahmar Rauf,3 Mohammad N Alomary,4 Sami AlYahya,4 Saad Alghamdi,5 MA Almessiere,2,6 Abdulhadi Baykal,7 Firdos Khan,8 Syed Farooq Adil,9 Mujeeb Khan,9 Mohammad Rafe Hatshan9 1Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research & Medical Consultation (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 4National Centre for Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, 11442, Saudi Arabia; 5Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Nanomedicine Research, Institute for Research & Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia; 9Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Mohammad Azam Ansari; Syed Farooq Adil Email maansari@iau.edu.sa; sfadil@ksu.edu.saBackground: The constant rise of microbial biofilm formation and drug resistance to existing antimicrobial drugs poses a significant threat to community health around the world because it reduces the efficacy and efficiency of treatments, increasing morbidity, mortality, and health-care expenditures. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop novel antimicrobial agents that inhibit microbial biofilm formation.Methods: The [Ni0.4Cu0.2Zn0.4](Fe2-xDyx)O4(x≤ 0.04) (Ni-Cu-Zn) nano spinel ferrites (NSFs) have been synthesized by the sol–gel auto-combustion process and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities of Ni-Cu-Zn NSFs were also examined.Results: The XRD pattern confirms the secondary phase DyFeO3 and Fe2O3 for substituted Dy3+ samples, and the crystallite size ranged from 10 to 19 nm. TEM analysis of NSFs revealed that the particles were cube-shaped and 15nm in size. NSFs exhibited significant antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activity. At concentration of 1 mg/mL, it was found that the NSFs (ie, x=0.0, x=0.01, x=0.02, x=0.03 and x=0.04) inhibit biofilm formation by 27.6, 26.2, 58.5, 33.3 and 25% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 47.5, 43.5, 48.6, 58.3 and 26.6% for Candida albicans, respectively. SEM images demonstrate that treating MRSA and C. albicans biofilms with NSFs significantly reduces cell adhesion, colonization and destruction of biofilm architecture and extracellular polymeric substances matrices. Additionally, SEM and TEM examination revealed that NSFs extensively damaged the cell walls and membranes of MRSA and C. albicans. Huge ultrastructural alteration such as deformation, disintegration and separation of cell wall and membrane from the cells was observed, indicating significant loss of membrane integrity, which eventually led to cell death. Furthermore, it was observed that NSF inhibited the cancer cell growth and proliferation of HCT-116 in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that the synthesized Ni-Cu-Zn NSFs could be used to develop potential antimicrobial surface coatings agents for a varieties of biomedical-related materials and devices in order to prevent the biofilms formation and their colonization. Furthermore, the enhanced antiproliferative properties of manufactured SNFs suggest a wide range of biomedical applications.Keywords: biomedical application, nano spinel ferrites, MRSA, Candida albicans, biofilm, ultrastructural alteration
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- 2021
26. Biogenic synthesis of Ag-doped TiO2 photocatalyst using citrus paradisi extract for solar trigged degradation of methylene blue
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Memon, Muddassir Ali, Akhtar, M Wasim, Shahbaz, Raja, Gabol, Nasir M, Khuhawar, Muhammad Yar, and Khan, M Yasir
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- 2024
27. Doxorubicin (DOX) Gadolinium–Gold-Complex: A New Way to Tune Hybrid Nanorods as Theranostic Agent
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Khan M, Boumati S, Arib C, Thierno Diallo A, Djaker N, Doan BT, and Spadavecchia J
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hybrid nanorods ,doxorubicin ,mri ,mia-paca 2 cell ,iperthermia ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Memona Khan,1 Sarah Boumati,2 Celia Arib,1 Amadou Thierno Diallo,1 Nadia Djaker,1 Bich-thuy Doan,2 Jolanda Spadavecchia1 1CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d’Agents Thérapeutiques, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, 93000, France; 2CNRS UMR 8060, iCLeHS, Synthèse, Electrochimie, Imagerie et Systèmes Analytiques Pour le Diagnostic SEISAD, Chimie ParisTech, Université PSL, Paris, 75231, FranceCorrespondence: Bich-thuy DoanCNRS, UMR 8060, iCLeHS, Synthèse, Electrochimie, Imagerie et Systèmes Analytiques Pour le Diagnostic SEISAD, Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, 11 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris Cedex 05, Paris, 75231, FranceEmail bich-thuy.doan@chimieparistech.psl.euJolanda SpadavecchiaCNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratoire de Chimie, Structures et Propriétés de Biomatériaux et d’Agents Thérapeutiques, Sorbonne Paris Nord University, 1 rue chablis, Bobigny, 93000, FranceEmail jolanda.spadavecchia@gmail.comIntroduction: In this paper, we have designed and formulated, a novel synthesis of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded bimetallic gold nanorods in which gold salt (HAuCl4) is chelated with anthracycline (DOX), diacid polyethylene-glycol (PEG-COOH) and gadolinium salt (GdCl3 * 6 H2O) to form DOX IN-Gd-AuNRs compared with DOX ON-Gd-AuNRs in which the drug was grafted onto the bimetallic pegylated nanoparticle surface by electrostatic adsorption.Material and Method: The physical and chemical evaluation was performed by spectroscopic analytical techniques (Raman spectroscopy, UV-Visible and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)). Magnetic features at 7T were also measured. Photothermal abilities were assessed. Cytotoxicity studies on MIA PaCa-2, human pancreatic carcinoma and TIB-75 hepatocytes cell lines were carried out to evaluate their biocompatibility and showed a 320 fold higher efficiency for DOX after encapsulation.Results: Exhaustive physicochemical characterization studies were conducted showing a mid size of 20 to 40 nm diameters obtained with low polydispersity, efficient synthesis using seed mediated synthesis with chelation reaction with high scale-up, long duration stability, specific doxorubicin release with acidic pH, strong photothermal abilities at 808 nm in the NIR transparency window, strong magnetic r1 relaxivities for positive MRI, well adapted for image guided therapy and therapeutical purpose in biological tissues.Conclusion: In this paper, we have developed a novel theranostic nanoparticle composed of gadolinium complexes to gold ions, with a PEG biopolymer matrix conjugated with antitumoral doxorubicin, providing multifunctional therapeutic features. Particularly, these nano conjugates enhanced the cytotoxicity toward tumoral MIAPaCa-2 cells by a factor of 320 compared to doxorubicin alone. Moreover, MRI T1 features at 7T enables interesting positive contrast for bioimaging and their adapted size for potential passive targeting to tumors by Enhanced Permeability Retention. Given these encouraging antitumoral and imaging properties, this bimetallic theranostic nanomaterial system represents a veritable promise as a therapeutic entity in the field of medicinal applications.Keywords: hybrid nanorods, doxorubicin, MRI, MIAPaCa-2 cells, hyperthermia
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- 2021
28. Therapeutic Potentials of Colocasia affinis Leaf Extract for the Alleviation of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Complications: In vivo and in silico-Based Studies
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Shill MC, Bepari AK, Khan M, Tasneem Z, Ahmed T, Hasan MA, Alam MJ, Hossain M, Rahman MA, Sharker SM, Shahriar M, Rahman GMS, and Reza HM
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diabetes mellitus ,colocasia affinis ,antidiabetic potentials ,vital organs protection ,oxidative stress markers. ,Pathology ,RB1-214 ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 - Abstract
Manik Chandra Shill,1 Asim Kumar Bepari,1 Mahi Khan,1 Zarin Tasneem,1 Tania Ahmed,1 Md Asif Hasan,1 Md Jahir Alam,1 Murad Hossain,1 Md Ashrafur Rahman,1 Shazid Md Sharker,1 Masum Shahriar,2 Ghazi Muhammad Sayedur Rahman,1 Hasan Mahmud Reza1 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh; 2Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, BangladeshCorrespondence: Manik Chandra Shill; Hasan Mahmud RezaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, BangladeshEmail manik.shill@northsouth.edu; hasan.reza@northsouth.eduIntroduction: Hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) correlates with hepatic impairment, nephropathy, lipid abnormalities, and oxidative stress and subsequently complicates the disease pathogenesis. Medicinal plants have been used for the management of diabetes since ancient times. In this study, we explored the potentials of Colocasia affinis (CA), a plant known to possess anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities, as a remedy for diabetes and related complications.Methods: We induced diabetes in rats using a single intraperitoneal dose (65 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ). We next treated the rats with an ethanolic extract of leaves of CA to reveal its antidiabetic and organ-protective potentials. Biomarkers of diabetes, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured using biochemical and histopathological analysis. We also performed molecular docking for three major phytochemicals (kaempferol, myricetin, and rosmarinic acid) of CA.Results: Oral administration of the CA leaves extract at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg doses decreased blood glucose level significantly (p< 0.05) in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The extract also considerably attenuated plasma HbA1c levels and normalized blood lipids, glycogen, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Additionally, treatment with the extract improved kidney complications by decreasing serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Furthermore, CA leaves extract normalized nitric oxide (NO) and advance oxidative protein products (AOPP) in diabetic rats. The extract also showed significant improvement of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione dismutase (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at a dose of 500 mg/kg. Besides, histological investigation demonstrated attenuation of inflammation of the vital organs, including the liver and the kidney. In silico studies revealed that three major phytochemicals (kaempferol, myricetin, and rosmarinic acid) of the ethanolic extract of leaves of CA can inhibit several molecular targets of diabetes and inflammation.Conclusion: Collectively, our results demonstrated the therapeutic potentials of CA for the mitigation of diabetes and diabetic complications.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Colocasia affinis, antidiabetic potentials, vital organs protection, oxidative stress markers
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- 2021
29. Author Correction: Isolation of dissolved organic matter from aqueous solution by precipitation with FeCl3: mechanisms and significance in environmental perspectives
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Jie Zhang, Khan M. G. Mostofa, Xuemei Yang, Mohammad Mohinuzzaman, Cong‑Qiang Liu, Nicola Senesi, Giorgio S. Senesi, Donald L. Sparks, H. Henry Teng, Longlong Li, Jie Yuan, and Si‑Liang Li
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Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2023
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30. Characterizations and analysis of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and dye reduction ability of green synthesized silver nanoparticles
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Riaz Muhammad, Ismail Muhammad, Ahmad Bashir, Zahid Nafeesa, Jabbour Ghassan, Khan Muhammad Shafiq, Mutreja Vishal, Sareen Shweta, Rafiq Aftab, Faheem Muhammad, Shah Muhammad Musaddiq, Khan M. I., Bukhari Syed Ali Imran, and Park Jeongwon
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green synthesis ,silver nanoparticles ,plant extract ,antibacterial activity ,agar well diffusion ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the potential of ginger rhizome extract (Zingiber officinale) for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the green method and its mitigating activity against pathogenic bacterial strains. AgNPs were synthesized through a simple one-step approach and characterized by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDS). PXRD and TEM results of AgNPs showed the face central cubic structures and predominantly spherical structures with a size of 6.5 nm. EDS analysis confirms the elemental silver in nanoparticles. Moreover, the impact of the pH, as well as temperature, during the synthesis of AgNPs has also been investigated. At 25°C and pH 5, there was no significant peak for AgNPs in the absorption spectra. However, with an increase in temperature from 25°C to 85°C and pH 5 to pH 11, particles started attaining the spherical shape of different sizes due to an increase in the reduction rate. The AgNPs displayed effective results against selected pathogenic strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 424), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 43300), and fungus Candida albicans (KACC 30003). The prepared AgNPs exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and catalytic reduction of methyl orange with the pseudo-first-order rate constant of 3.9 × 10−3.
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- 2020
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31. Design and Synthesis of Gold-Gadolinium-Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent: a Smart Way to Future Nanomaterials for Nanomedicine Applications [Retraction]
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Aouidat F, Boumati S, Khan M, Tielens F, Doan BT, and Spadavecchia J
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gd-gold complex ,theoretical study ,mri ,relaxivity ,biodistribution. ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Aouidat F, Boumati S, Khan M, Tielens F, Doan BT, Spadavecchia J. Int J Nanomedicine. 2019;14:9309–9324. The Editor and Publisher of International Journal of Nanomedicine wish to retract the published article. The authors raised concerns regarding errors that had been made during the calculation of the size of the nanostructures shown in Figure 2. The sizes reported in the histograms of Figure 2; a1, a2 and a3 were incorrect due to miscalculations that occurred during analysis of the gold core and polymer shells of the spherical nanostructures represented in TEM images of Figure 2A. The authors provided the editor with data from the original study and requested to remove the incorrect histograms and replace them. However, the Editor determined that this part of the article was integral to the study and the admission of these errors, because of the miscalculation, meant the data was unreliable and would not accept the correction proposed by the authors. The Editor requested for the article to be retracted and the authors were notified but do not agree with this decision. Our decision-making was informed by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retraction. The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.
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- 2022
32. Mechanical Loading and Tribological Studies on Boron Carbide (B4C) and Lead (Pb) Particles Dispersed Epoxy-Based Multilayered Composites
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S. Vignesh, J. T. Winowlin Jappes, Khan M. Adam, and Temal Varol
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Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
The study aims in the development of functionally graded epoxy-based layered composites dispersed with B4C and lead particles. The development route adopted for the composites is a novel route called layered molding and curing. Various compositions of single and trilayered composites were prepared through the abovementioned route. The samples prepared were subjected to mechanical and tribological studies, and the results were reported in this article. It is found that the mechanical properties of the single-layered composites consisting of 20% lead and 20% B4C show superior characteristics than those of the samples with increased addition of lead. However, the trilayered samples with lead core showcased excellent mechanical properties. On the other hand, the wear rate and mass loss of the trilayered samples with B4C cladding show minimum wear rate than the samples with lead cladding. Furthermore, the coefficient of friction of the samples also showcases the better performance of single-layered samples with 20% lead. The worn surface analysis done through scanning electron microscopy and stereo zoom microscopy reveals the reason for the low specific wear rate of 20% lead sample as the self-hindrance of wear debris evolved during the wear study.
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- 2022
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33. Deep Learning Based Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavity Fault Classification at Jefferson Laboratory
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Lasitha Vidyaratne, Adam Carpenter, Tom Powers, Chris Tennant, Khan M. Iftekharuddin, Md Monibor Rahman, and Anna S. Shabalina
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time-series classification ,fault identification ,superconducting radio-frequency cavities ,particle accelerator ,LINAC ,deep recurrent learning ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 - Abstract
This work investigates the efficacy of deep learning (DL) for classifying C100 superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity faults in the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. CEBAF is a large, high-power continuous wave recirculating linac that utilizes 418 SRF cavities to accelerate electrons up to 12 GeV. Recent upgrades to CEBAF include installation of 11 new cryomodules (88 cavities) equipped with a low-level RF system that records RF time-series data from each cavity at the onset of an RF failure. Typically, subject matter experts (SME) analyze this data to determine the fault type and identify the cavity of origin. This information is subsequently utilized to identify failure trends and to implement corrective measures on the offending cavity. Manual inspection of large-scale, time-series data, generated by frequent system failures is tedious and time consuming, and thereby motivates the use of machine learning (ML) to automate the task. This study extends work on a previously developed system based on traditional ML methods (Tennant and Carpenter and Powers and Shabalina Solopova and Vidyaratne and Iftekharuddin, Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams, 2020, 23, 114601), and investigates the effectiveness of deep learning approaches. The transition to a DL model is driven by the goal of developing a system with sufficiently fast inference that it could be used to predict a fault event and take actionable information before the onset (on the order of a few hundred milliseconds). Because features are learned, rather than explicitly computed, DL offers a potential advantage over traditional ML. Specifically, two seminal DL architecture types are explored: deep recurrent neural networks (RNN) and deep convolutional neural networks (CNN). We provide a detailed analysis on the performance of individual models using an RF waveform dataset built from past operational runs of CEBAF. In particular, the performance of RNN models incorporating long short-term memory (LSTM) are analyzed along with the CNN performance. Furthermore, comparing these DL models with a state-of-the-art fault ML model shows that DL architectures obtain similar performance for cavity identification, do not perform quite as well for fault classification, but provide an advantage in inference speed.
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- 2022
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34. Modeling & Evaluating the Performance of Convolutional Neural Networks for Classifying Steel Surface Defects
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Chaudhry, Nadeem Jabbar, Khan, M. Bilal, Iqbal, M. Javaid, and Yasir, Siddiqui Muhammad
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Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Recently, outstanding identification rates in image classification tasks were achieved by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). to use such skills, selective CNNs trained on a dataset of well-known images of metal surface defects captured with an RGB camera. Defects must be detected early to take timely corrective action due to production concerns. For image classification up till now, a model-based method has been utilized, which indicated the predicted reflection characteristics of surface defects in comparison to flaw-free surfaces. The problem of detecting steel surface defects has grown in importance as a result of the vast range of steel applications in end-product sectors such as automobiles, households, construction, etc. The manual processes for detections are time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. Different strategies have been used to automate manual processes, but CNN models have proven to be the most effective rather than image processing and machine learning techniques. By using different CNN models with fine-tuning, easily compare their performance and select the best-performing model for the same kinds of tasks. However, it is important that using different CNN models either from fine tuning can be computationally expensive and time-consuming. Therefore, our study helps the upcoming researchers to choose the CNN without considering the issues of model complexity, performance, and computational resources. In this article, the performance of various CNN models with transfer learning techniques are evaluated. These models were chosen based on their popularity and impact in the field of computer vision research, as well as their performance on benchmark datasets. According to the outcomes, DenseNet201 outperformed the other CNN models and had the greatest detection rate on the NEU dataset, falling in at 98.37 percent.
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- 2024
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35. A Python Program for Computation of Transition Probabilities, Oscillator Strengths for Li-like ions
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Zaheer, M. Hani, Khan, M. Bilal, Iqbal, S M Zeeshan, and Uddin, Zaheer
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Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
The available software to study the spectroscopic characteristics of atoms, ions, and molecules runs on a server, e.g., the general-purpose atomic structure package (GRASP) and R-matrix method. A Python program has been developed to compute Transition Probabilities, oscillator strengths, Line strengths, matrix elements, and radii of the orbit for lithium and its iso-electronic sequence. The program is straightforward, easily applicable without installation, and uses built-in Python libraries. It can be run on personal computers core I3 and above. The effective charge, effective quantum numbers, and energies of upper and lower levels serve as input parameters for computing the spectral quantities mentioned above. As a case study, we implemented our program on Li I, F VII, Na IX, Al XI, Mg X, and Fe XXIV to calculate transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, and line strengths. The results are compared and found to align with the corresponding values in the NIST data., Comment: The Program can be obtained from the authors
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- 2024
36. Tuning the Electronic and Optical Properties of Impurity-Engineered Two-Dimensional Graphullerene Half-Semiconductors
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Khan, M. A., Atif, Madeeha, and Leuenberger, Michael N.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
A novel material consisting of a monolayer of C$_{60}$ buckyballs with hexagonal symmetry has recently been observed experimentally, named graphullerene. In this study, we present a comprehensive \textit{ab-initio} theoretical analysis of the electronic and optical properties of both pristine and impurity-engineered monolayer graphullerene using spin-dependent density functional theory (spin-DFT). Our findings reveal that graphullerene is a direct band gap semiconductor with a band gap of approximately 1.5 eV at the $\Gamma$ point, agreeing well with experimental data. Notably, we demonstrate that by adding impurities, in particular substitutional nitrogen, substitutional boron, or adsorbent hydrogen, to graphullerene results in the formation of spin-dependent deep donor and deep acceptor levels, thereby giving rise to a variety of half-semiconductors. All the impurities exhibit a magnetic moment of approximately $\mu_B$ per impurity. This impurity engineering enables the tuning of spin-polarized exciton properties in graphullerene, with spin-dependent band gap energies ranging from 0.43 eV ($\lambda \sim$ 2.9 $\mu$m) to 1.5 eV ($\lambda \sim$ 820 nm), covering the near-infrared (NIR) and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) regimes. Our results suggest that both pristine and impurity-engineered graphullerene have significant potential for the development of carbon-based 2D semiconductor spintronic and opto-spintronic devices., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures
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- 2024
37. Constraints on bulk viscosity in $f(Q,T)$ gravity from H(z)/Pantheon+ data
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Koussour, M., Errehymy, Abdelghani, Donmez, O., Myrzakulov, K., Khan, M. A., Çil, B., and Güdekli, E.
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
In this study, we investigate the role of bulk viscosity in $f(Q,T)$ gravity in explaining late-time cosmic acceleration. This model, an extension of symmetric teleparallel gravity, introduces viscosity into cosmic matter dynamics for a more realistic representation. Specifically, we consider the linear form of $f (Q, T) =\alpha Q + \beta T$, where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are free model parameters. To assess the model, we derive its exact solution and use Hubble parameter $H(z)$ data and Pantheon + SNe Ia data for parameter estimation. We employ the $\chi^2$ minimization technique alongside the MCMC random sampling method to determine the best-fit parameters. Then, we analyze the behavior of key cosmological parameters, including the deceleration parameter, bulk viscous matter-dominated universe density, effective pressure, and the effective EoS parameter, accounting for the viscous type fluid. We observe a transition in the deceleration parameter from a positive (decelerating) to a negative (accelerating) phase at transition redshift $z_t$. The matter density shows the expected positive behavior, while the pressure, influenced by viscosity, exhibits negative behavior, indicative of accelerating expansion. Furthermore, we investigate the energy conditions and find that while the NEC and DEC meet positivity criteria, the SEC is violated in the present and future epochs. The $Om(z)$ diagnostic suggests that our model aligns with quintessence behavior. Finally, our $f(Q,T)$ cosmological model, incorporating bulk viscosity effects, provides a compelling explanation for late-time cosmic behavior, consistent with observational data., Comment: Physics of the Dark Universe accepted version
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- 2024
38. Cryptanalysis of the SIMON Cypher Using Neo4j
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Cook, Jonathan, Rehman, Sabih ur, and Khan, M. Arif
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms ,Computer Science - Information Retrieval - Abstract
The exponential growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has seen the introduction of several Lightweight Encryption Algorithms (LEA). While LEAs are designed to enhance the integrity, privacy and security of data collected and transmitted by IoT devices, it is hazardous to assume that all LEAs are secure and exhibit similar levels of protection. To improve encryption strength, cryptanalysts and algorithm designers routinely probe LEAs using various cryptanalysis techniques to identify vulnerabilities and limitations of LEAs. Despite recent improvements in the efficiency of cryptanalysis utilising heuristic methods and a Partial Difference Distribution Table (PDDT), the process remains inefficient, with the random nature of the heuristic inhibiting reproducible results. However, the use of a PDDT presents opportunities to identify relationships between differentials utilising knowledge graphs, leading to the identification of efficient paths throughout the PDDT. This paper introduces the novel use of knowledge graphs to identify intricate relationships between differentials in the SIMON LEA, allowing for the identification of optimal paths throughout the differentials, and increasing the effectiveness of the differential security analyses of SIMON., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 2 algorithms, accepted by the 4th International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET) to be presented in July 2024
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- 2024
39. Lightweight Cryptanalysis of IoT Encryption Algorithms : Is Quota Sampling the Answer?
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Cook, Jonathan, Rehman, Sabih ur, and Khan, M. Arif
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security - Abstract
Rapid growth in the number of small sensor devices known as the Internet of Things (IoT) has seen the development of lightweight encryption algorithms. Two well-known lightweight algorithms are SIMON and SIMECK which have been specifically designed for use on resource-constrained IoT devices. These lightweight encryption algorithms are based on the efficient Feistel block structure which is known to exhibit vulnerabilities to differential cryptanalysis. Consequently, it is necessary to test these algorithms for resilience against such attacks. While existing state-of-the-art research has demonstrated novel heuristic methods of differential cryptanalysis that improve time efficiency on previous techniques, the large state sizes of these encryption algorithms inhibit cryptanalysis time efficiency. In this paper, we introduce Versatile Investigative Sampling Technique for Advanced Cryptanalysis (VISTA-CRYPT) - a time-efficient enhancement of differential cryptanalysis of lightweight encryption algorithms. The proposed technique introduces a simple framework of quota sampling that produces state-of-the-art results with time reductions of up to $76\%$ over existing techniques. Further, we present a preliminary graph-based analysis of the output differentials for the identification of relationships within the data and future research opportunities to further enhance the performance of differential cryptanalysis. The code designed for this work and associated datasets will be available at https://github.com/johncook1979/simon-cryptanalysis., Comment: 24 pages, 21 figures, 7 tables
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- 2024
40. The OxMat dataset: a multimodal resource for the development of AI-driven technologies in maternal and newborn child health
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Khan, M. Jaleed, Duta, Ioana, Albert, Beth, Cooke, William, Vatish, Manu, and Jones, Gabriel Davis
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare presents a unique opportunity for advancements in obstetric care, particularly through the analysis of cardiotocography (CTG) for fetal monitoring. However, the effectiveness of such technologies depends upon the availability of large, high-quality datasets that are suitable for machine learning. This paper introduces the Oxford Maternity (OxMat) dataset, the world's largest curated dataset of CTGs, featuring raw time series CTG data and extensive clinical data for both mothers and babies, which is ideally placed for machine learning. The OxMat dataset addresses the critical gap in women's health data by providing over 177,211 unique CTG recordings from 51,036 pregnancies, carefully curated and reviewed since 1991. The dataset also comprises over 200 antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum clinical variables, ensuring near-complete data for crucial outcomes such as stillbirth and acidaemia. While this dataset also covers the intrapartum stage, around 94% of the constituent CTGS are antepartum. This allows for a unique focus on the underserved antepartum period, in which early detection of at-risk fetuses can significantly improve health outcomes. Our comprehensive review of existing datasets reveals the limitations of current datasets: primarily, their lack of sufficient volume, detailed clinical data and antepartum data. The OxMat dataset lays a foundation for future AI-driven prenatal care, offering a robust resource for developing and testing algorithms aimed at improving maternal and fetal health outcomes.
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- 2024
41. RSSI Estimation for Constrained Indoor Wireless Networks using ANN
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Arif, Samrah, Khan, M. Arif, and Rehman, Sabih Ur
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Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing ,Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Networking and Internet Architecture - Abstract
In the expanding field of the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless channel estimation is a significant challenge. This is specifically true for low-power IoT (LP-IoT) communication, where efficiency and accuracy are extremely important. This research establishes two distinct LP-IoT wireless channel estimation models using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN): a Feature-based ANN model and a Sequence-based ANN model. Both models have been constructed to enhance LP-IoT communication by lowering the estimation error in the LP-IoT wireless channel. The Feature-based model aims to capture complex patterns of measured Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) data using environmental characteristics. The Sequence-based approach utilises predetermined categorisation techniques to estimate the RSSI sequence of specifically selected environment characteristics. The findings demonstrate that our suggested approaches attain remarkable precision in channel estimation, with an improvement in MSE of $88.29\%$ of the Feature-based model and $97.46\%$ of the Sequence-based model over existing research. Additionally, the comparative analysis of these techniques with traditional and other Deep Learning (DL)-based techniques also highlights the superior performance of our developed models and their potential in real-world IoT applications.
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- 2024
42. Performance of Multidimensional Severity Scoring Systems in Patients with Post‐Tuberculosis Bronchiectasis
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AL-Harbi A, AL-Ghamdi M, Khan M, AL-Rajhi S, and AL-Jahdali H
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bronchiectasis ,post-tb bronchectasis bronchiectasis severity index (bsi) ,faced score ,acute exacerbation ,hospitalization ,exacerbation-faced (exa-faced) score ,e-face score ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abdullah AL-Harbi,1– 3 Majed AL-Ghamdi,1– 3 Mohammad Khan,1– 3 Sulaiman AL-Rajhi,1,3,4 Hamdan AL-Jahdali1– 3 1College of Medicine, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Medical Imaging, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Abdullah AL-HarbiDepartment of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, PO Box 22490, MC 1443, Riyadh 11426, Saudi ArabiaEmail harbia7@ngha.med.saObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with post‐tuberculosis (post-TB) bronchiectasis. We also evaluated the performance of various multidimensional severity score systems to predict mortality, future exacerbation, and hospitalization.Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the etiology of bronchiectasis in 301 patients. Patients fell into three groups: post-TB (129 [43%]), idiopathic (76 [25%]), and other (96 [32%]) etiologies of bronchiectasis. Four multidimensional grading scales, including the Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI), the FACED score, and two derivative versions of the FACED score, Exacerbation (Exa-FACED and E-FACED), were calculated and compared for each patient.Results: Patients with post-TB bronchiectasis were predominantly female (61%) with a mean age of 68± 11 years. Moreover, 26% of post-TB bronchiectasis patients were colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At baseline, patients with post-TB bronchiectasis were older, had higher severity scores, and were more likely to have experienced severe exacerbations that required hospitalization compared to patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis or bronchiectasis arising from other causes. During follow-up, 52% of patients required hospitalization, 58% had frequent (≥ 2 per year) acute exacerbations, and the overall 5-year mortality rate was 30%. Five-year survival was efficiently predicted by each of the grading scales. Although the modified variations of the FACED outperformed the original FACED scale in predicting forthcoming frequent acute exacerbations and hospitalization, the BSI outperformed all three systems in this regard.Conclusion: Patients with post-TB bronchiectasis had higher severity scores than patients with idiopathic bronchiectasis or bronchiectasis arising from other causes. In addition, all scoring systems performed adequately in 5-year mortality projections. BSI and the modified versions of the FACED outperformed the FACED in predicting forthcoming exacerbations and hospitalizations.Keywords: bronchiectasis, post-TB bronchiectasis, Bronchiectasis Severity Index, BSI, FACED score, acute exacerbation, hospitalization, Exacerbation-FACED score, Exa-FACED score, E-FACED score
- Published
- 2020
43. Systematic Review of the Management of Retro-Hepatic Inferior Vena Cava Injuries
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Zargaran D, Zargaran A, and Khan M
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trauma ,liver ,hepatic ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
David Zargaran,1 Alexander Zargaran,2 Mansoor Khan3 1Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; 2Department of Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK; 3Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UKCorrespondence: David Zargaran Email david.zargaran@imperial.ac.ukBackground: Retro-hepatic inferior vena cava (RHIVC) injuries resulting from blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma are rare but devastating events that remain a considerable challenge to even the most experienced doctors, which continue to carry a considerable mortality.Aim: To establish a better understanding of the management of RHIVC injuries and to identify any adjuncts or operative methods that were associated with an increased survival.Methods: A systematic review of the MEDLINE database was conducted using Medical Search Headings and exploded keywords and phrases. Studies were screened and subjected to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted in a methodical manner collecting population demographics, morbidity, mortality and operative intervention, where provided. Operative strategies were compared and discussed.Results: An initial search identified 483 articles. Following duplicate removal and abstract screening, 85 full-text articles were assessed with 25 meeting the desired criteria and were, therefore, included in the systematic review. Key operative strategies and complications were identified and discussed.Conclusion: The wide variety of operative interventions in the management of RHIVC liver injuries described attest to the increased efforts to improve outcomes. The overall improvement in mortality can be noted since the earlier descriptions reported mortality approaching 100% compared to the 52% reported in this review. An algorithm has been proposed based on these findings and our experiences for the management of RHIVC injuries.Keywords: trauma, liver, hepatic
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- 2020
44. The SENIEUR protocol and the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination in healthy elderly persons by age, gender, and vaccine route
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Robert Edelman, Meagan E. Deming, Franklin R. Toapanta, Mark D. Heuser, Lisa Chrisley, Robin S. Barnes, Steven S. Wasserman, William C. Blackwelder, Barry S. Handwerger, Marcela Pasetti, Khan M. Siddiqui, and Marcelo B. Sztein
- Subjects
Hepatitis B ,Vaccine ,Aging ,Immunesenescence ,Antibody ,Cellular immunity ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Abstract Background Reduced response to hepatitis B vaccines is associated with aging, confounding and comorbid conditions, as well as inadvertent subcutaneous (SC) inoculation. We hypothesized that the antibody and T cell-mediated immune responses (T-CMI) of elderly adults to a vaccine intended for intramuscular (IM) administration would be attenuated when deposited into SC fat, independent of confounding conditions. Results Fifty-two healthy, community dwelling elderly adults (65–82 years), seronegative for HBV, were enrolled in the SENIEUR protocol as a strictly healthy population. These seniors were randomized to receive a licensed alum-adjuvanted recombinant HBV vaccine either SC or IM, with the inoculum site verified by imaging. The response rates, defined as hepatitis B surface antibodies (HBsAb) ≥10 IU/L, were significantly lower in the elderly than in young adults, a group of 12, healthy, 21–34-year-old volunteers. Moreover, elderly participants who received the vaccine IM were significantly more likely to be responders than those immunized SC (54% versus 16%, p = 0.008). The low seroconversion rate in the IM group progressively declined with increasing age, and responders had significantly lower HBsAb titers and limited isotype responses. Moreover, T-CMI (proliferation and cytokine production) were significantly reduced in both percentage of responders and intensity of the response for both Th1 and Th2 subsets in the elderly. Conclusions Our data demonstrate the blunted immunogenicity of SC inoculation as measured by peak titers and response rates. Further, the qualitative and quantitative deficits in B- and T-CMI responses to primary alum adjuvanted protein antigens persisted even in strictly healthy elderly populations with verified IM placement compared to younger populations. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT04162223 . Registered 14 November 2019. Retrospectively registered.
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- 2020
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45. Nanoscale control of grain boundary potential barrier, dopant density and filled trap state density for higher efficiency perovskite solar cells
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Behzad Bahrami, Sally Mabrouk, Nirmal Adhikari, Hytham Elbohy, Ashim Gurung, Khan M. Reza, Rajesh Pathak, Ashraful H. Chowdhury, Gopalan Saianand, Wenjin Yue, Jiantao Zai, Xuefeng Qian, Mao Liang, and Qiquan Qiao
- Subjects
dopant density ,filled trap state density ,grain boundary potential barrier ,perovskite solar cells ,relative humidity ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Information technology ,T58.5-58.64 - Abstract
Abstract In this work, grain boundary (GB) potential barrier ( Δφ GB), dopant density (Pnet), and filled trap state density (PGB,trap) were manipulated at the nanoscale by exposing the fabricated perovskite films to various relative humidity (RH) environments. Spatial mapping of surface potential in the perovskite film revealed higher positive potential at GBs than inside the grains. The average Δφ GB, Pnet, and PGB,trap in the perovskite films decreased from 0% RH to 25% RH exposure, but increased when the RH increased to 35% RH and 45% RH. This clearly indicated that perovskite solar cells fabricated at 25% RH led to the lowest average GB potential, smallest dopant density, and least filled trap states density. This is consistent with the highest photovoltaic efficiency of 18.16% at 25% RH among the different relative humidities from 0% to 45% RH.
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- 2020
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46. Brevilin A Inhibits STAT3 Signaling and Induces ROS-Dependent Apoptosis, Mitochondrial Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
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Saleem MZ, Nisar MA, Alshwmi M, Din SRU, Gamallat Y, Khan M, and Ma T
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breast cancer ,brevilin a ,apoptosis ,ros ,er stress ,stat3 ,mitochondrial dysfunction. ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Muhammad Zubair Saleem, 1 Muhammad Azhar Nisar, 1 Mohammed Alshwmi, 2 Syed Riaz Ud Din, 1 Yaser Gamallat, 1 Muhammad Khan, 3 Tonghui Ma 1 1College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Punjab 54590, PakistanCorrespondence: Muhammad KhanDepartment of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore, Punjab 54590, PakistanTel +92-42-99231246Email khan_zoologist@ymail.comTonghui MaCollege of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 411 8611 0278Fax +86 411 8611 0378Email tonghuima@dlmedu.edu.cnPurpose: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women across the globe. Despite concerted efforts to improve the prevailing treatment modalities, the overall prognosis of breast cancer remains unsatisfactory. Recently, antiproliferative activity of Brevilin A (Brv-A), a sesquiterpene lactone compound of Centipeda minima, has been unveiled in various cancer types. Here, we have explored anticancer activity of Brv-A in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells by targeting various pathways.Materials and Methods: Cell proliferation rate was determined by CCK-8 and clonogenic assay. Cellular morphological changes were observed under phase contrast microscope while calcein-AM and PI was used for live/dead assay. Cell cycle assay was performed by flow cytometry. Apoptotic cell percentage was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining and flow cytometric analysis. ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured using commercially available kits while protein expression was measured by Western blotting.Results: In our study, Brv-A exerted antiproliferative effect through mitotic arrest at G 2/M phase of cell cycle and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Induction of apoptosis by Brv-A was found to be associated with ROS generation by targeting NOX2 and NOX3, mitochondrial dysfunction (MMP dissipation and Bcl-2 family proteins modulation), DNA fragmentation, JNK and p38 MAPK activation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing Bip/GRP78, ATF4 and CHOP protein expressions and inhibition of STAT3 activation via decreased phosphorylation of JAK2 and SRC. Pretreatment of NAC, a ROS scavenger, partially reversed the aforesaid cellular events indicating ROS generation as the primary event to modulate cellular targets for induction of apoptosis. Besides, Brv-A has also been documented for inhibition of cell migration via decrease in COX-2 and MMP-2 expression.Conclusion: Taken together, Brv-A induces G 2/M phase arrest, ROS-dependent apoptosis, ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inhibits STAT3 activation in MCF-7 cells signifying it to be one of the potential anticancer therapeutics in future.Keywords: breast cancer, Brevilin A, apoptosis, ROS, ER stress, STAT3, mitochondrial dysfunction
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- 2020
47. Design and Synthesis of Gold-Gadolinium-Core-Shell Nanoparticles as Contrast Agent: a Smart Way to Future Nanomaterials for Nanomedicine Applications
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Aouidat F, Boumati S, Khan M, Tielens F, Doan BT, and Spadavecchia J
- Subjects
gd-gold complex ,theoretical study ,mri ,relaxivity ,biodistribution. ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Fatima Aouidat,1 Sarah Boumati,2 Memona Khan,1 Frederik Tielens,3 Bich-Thuy Doan,2 Jolanda Spadavecchia1 1CNRS, UMR 7244, CSPBAT, Laboratory of Chemistry, Structures and Properties of Biomaterials And Therapeutic Agents University Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France; 2UTCBS – Chimie ParisTech – University Paris Descartes - CNRS UMR 8258 – INSERM U1022 Equipe “Synthesis, Electrochemistry, Imaging and Analytical Systems for Diagnostics” SEISAD, Paris, France; 3General Chemistry (ALGC), Vrije University of Brussel (Free University Brussels-VUB), Brussel, BelgiumCorrespondence: Jolanda Spadavecchia Email jolanda.spadavecchia@univ-paris13.frIntroduction: The development of biopolymers for the synthesis of Gd(III) nanoparticles, as therapeutics, could play a key role in nanomedicine. Biocompatible polymers are not only used for complex monovalent biomolecules, but also for the realization of multivalent active targeting materials as diagnostic and/or therapeutic hybrid nanoparticles. In this article, it was reported for the first time, a novel synthesis of Gd(III)–biopolymer–Au(III) complex, acting as a key ingredient of core-shell gold nanoparticles (Gd(@AuNPs).Material and methods: The physical and chemical evaluation was carried out by spectroscopic analytical techniques (Raman spectroscopy, UV-visible and TEM). The theoretical characterization by DFT (density functional theory) analysis was carried out under specific conditions to investigate the interaction between the Au and the Gd precursors, during the first nucleation step. Magnetic features with relaxivity measurements at 7T were also performed as well as cytotoxicity studies on hepatocyte cell lines for biocompatibility studies. The in vivo detailed dynamic biodistribution studies in mice to characterize the potential applications for biology as MRI contrast agents were then achieved.Results: Physical–chemical evaluation confirms the successful design and reaction supposed. Viabilities of TIB-75 (hepatocytes) cells were evaluated using Alamar blue cytotoxic tests with increasing concentrations of nanoparticles. In vivo biodistribution studies were then accomplished to assess the kinetic behavior of the nanoparticles in mice and characterize their stealthiness property after intravenous injection.Conclusion: We demonstrated that Gd@AuNPs have some advantages to display hepatocytes in the liver. Particularly, these nanoconjugates give a good cellular uptake of several quantities of Gd@NPs into cells, while preserving a T1 contrast inside cells that provide a robust in vivo detection using T1-weighted MR images. These results will strengthen the role of gadolinium as complex to gold in order to tune Gd(@AuNPs) as an innovative diagnostic agent in the field of nanomedicine.Keywords: Gd-gold complex, theoretical study, MRI, relaxivity, biodistribution
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- 2019
48. Joint Modeling of RNAseq and Radiomics Data for Glioma Molecular Characterization and Prediction
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Zeina A. Shboul, Norou Diawara, Arastoo Vossough, James Y. Chen, and Khan M. Iftekharuddin
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RNA sequencing ,radiomics ,radiogenomics ,negative binomial ,molecular mutation ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
RNA sequencing (RNAseq) is a recent technology that profiles gene expression by measuring the relative frequency of the RNAseq reads. RNAseq read counts data is increasingly used in oncologic care and while radiology features (radiomics) have also been gaining utility in radiology practice such as disease diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment planning. However, contemporary literature lacks appropriate RNA-radiomics (henceforth, radiogenomics) joint modeling where RNAseq distribution is adaptive and also preserves the nature of RNAseq read counts data for glioma grading and prediction. The Negative Binomial (NB) distribution may be useful to model RNAseq read counts data that addresses potential shortcomings. In this study, we propose a novel radiogenomics-NB model for glioma grading and prediction. Our radiogenomics-NB model is developed based on differentially expressed RNAseq and selected radiomics/volumetric features which characterize tumor volume and sub-regions. The NB distribution is fitted to RNAseq counts data, and a log-linear regression model is assumed to link between the estimated NB mean and radiomics. Three radiogenomics-NB molecular mutation models (e.g., IDH mutation, 1p/19q codeletion, and ATRX mutation) are investigated. Additionally, we explore gender-specific effects on the radiogenomics-NB models. Finally, we compare the performance of the proposed three mutation prediction radiogenomics-NB models with different well-known methods in the literature: Negative Binomial Linear Discriminant Analysis (NBLDA), differentially expressed RNAseq with Random Forest (RF-genomics), radiomics and differentially expressed RNAseq with Random Forest (RF-radiogenomics), and Voom-based count transformation combined with the nearest shrinkage classifier (VoomNSC). Our analysis shows that the proposed radiogenomics-NB model significantly outperforms (ANOVA test, p < 0.05) for prediction of IDH and ATRX mutations and offers similar performance for prediction of 1p/19q codeletion, when compared to the competing models in the literature, respectively.
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- 2021
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49. Deep Neural Network Analysis of Pathology Images With Integrated Molecular Data for Enhanced Glioma Classification and Grading
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Linmin Pei, Karra A. Jones, Zeina A. Shboul, James Y. Chen, and Khan M. Iftekharuddin
- Subjects
brain tumor classification and grading ,glioma ,central nervous system tumor ,radiomics ,molecular ,deep neural network ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Gliomas are primary brain tumors that originate from glial cells. Classification and grading of these tumors is critical to prognosis and treatment planning. The current criteria for glioma classification in central nervous system (CNS) was introduced by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2016. This criteria for glioma classification requires the integration of histology with genomics. In 2017, the Consortium to Inform Molecular and Practical Approaches to CNS Tumor Taxonomy (cIMPACT-NOW) was established to provide up-to-date recommendations for CNS tumor classification, which in turn the WHO is expected to adopt in its upcoming edition. In this work, we propose a novel glioma analytical method that, for the first time in the literature, integrates a cellularity feature derived from the digital analysis of brain histopathology images integrated with molecular features following the latest WHO criteria. We first propose a novel over-segmentation strategy for region-of-interest (ROI) selection in large histopathology whole slide images (WSIs). A Deep Neural Network (DNN)-based classification method then fuses molecular features with cellularity features to improve tumor classification performance. We evaluate the proposed method with 549 patient cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for evaluation. The cross validated classification accuracies are 93.81% for lower-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG) using a regular DNN, and 73.95% for LGG II and LGG III using a residual neural network (ResNet) DNN, respectively. Our experiments suggest that the type of deep learning has a significant impact on tumor subtype discrimination between LGG II vs. LGG III. These results outperform state-of-the-art methods in classifying LGG II vs. LGG III and offer competitive performance in distinguishing LGG vs. HGG in the literature. In addition, we also investigate molecular subtype classification using pathology images and cellularity information. Finally, for the first time in literature this work shows promise for cellularity quantification to predict brain tumor grading for LGGs with IDH mutations.
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- 2021
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50. Solitary Wave Solution of Nonlinear PDEs Arising in Mathematical Physics
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Rani Attia, Khan Nawab, Ayub Kamran, Khan M. Yaqub, Mahmood-Ul-Hassan Qazi, Ahmed Bilal, and Ashraf Muhammad
- Subjects
exp(−ϕ(ζ ))-expansion technique ,caudrey-dodd-gibbon equation ,pochhammer-chree equation ,homogenous principal ,solitary wave solution ,02.30.hq ,02.30.jr ,02.70.-c ,02.90.+p ,05.45.yv ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The solution of nonlinear mathematical models has much importance and in soliton theory its worth has increased. In the present article, we have investigated the Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon and Pochhammer-Chree equations, to discuss the physics of these equations and to attain soliton solutions. The exp(−ϕ(ζ ))-expansion technique is used to construct solitary wave solutions. A wave transformation is applied to convert the problem into the form of an ordinary differential equation. The drawn-out novel type outcomes play an essential role in the transportation of energy. It is noted that in the study, the approach is extremely reliable and it may be extended to further mathematical models signified mostly in nonlinear differential equations.
- Published
- 2019
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