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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ethical leadership on moral motivation of teachers in the schools of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: Scenario-based experimental design was used to collect data (N = 174 teachers) from 25 schools in the city of Islamabad. Participants included 156 females and 18 males aged 23-37 years. Ethical leadership was measured at both construct and component levels (moral person and moral manager). Findings: The results found that the moral person component of ethical leadership style heightens the moral identity (internalization)-based moral motivation, while the moral manager component and ethical leadership at construct level style increases moral identity (symbolization)-based moral motivation. Interestingly, in the absence of reward, only the moral person component of ethical leadership style maintained participants' moral motivation. Originality/value: The originality of this study lies in highlighting the divergence in ethical leadership style at component level that explains the differences in moral motivation of the teachers.

Objective: To determine the association between hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome Study Design: Observational cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected from Medical unit and Department of Pathology, Pakistan Railways Hospital, Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi and Capital Hospital Islamabad from April 2017 to April 2018. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty adult subjects participated in this study. Hundred hypothyroid subjects were recruited as cases on the basis of laboratory findings of raised serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and low serum free thyroxine (FT4) level. Newly diagnosed/ untreated cases of Hypothyroidism and adults of either sex were included. After an overnight fasting, participants were tested for various components of metabolic syndrome. Fifty euthyroid subjects were taken as controls. Data was analyzed by SPSS-21. Results: Among 150 total recruited subjects, 25% hypothyroid cases and 10% euthyroid controls were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. These results were statistically significant with p value 0.030. Mean serum triglycerides 183 ±26 and 153±26 mg/dl and mean fasting blood glucose 100 ±30 and 96 ±18 mg/dl respectively among hypothyroid and euthyroid patients were significant with p-value 0.001. Whereas, waist circumference, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood pressure measurement of hypothyroid and euthyroid individuals were not significant. Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is associated with various components of metabolic syndrome.

Bilateral simultaneous external auditory canal (EAC) stenosis with bilateral cholesteatoma is a rare presentation. We present a case report of surgical and audiological management of an elderly male who presented with bilateral EAC stenosis, bilateral cholesteatoma, right-sided inner ear erosion, and bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non typhoidal Salmonella typhimurium is a major food borne pathogen associated with the intestinal tract of food-producing animals. Salmonella is frequently detected in poultry meat; thus, contaminated poultry products are a significant source of human salmonellosis. The present study was conducted to study the dynamics of antibiotic resistance patterns among non typhoidal Salmonella isolated from chicken cecum in Bhopal and to select an effective antimicrobial agent for controlling Salmonella in poultry birds. A total of 80 Salmonella strains isolated from cecum belonging to Typhimurium serovar were screened for their antimicrobial resistance pattern using20 antimicrobial agents falling under 8 different antibiotic classes. The antibiogram testing revealed differential multidrug resistance among Salmonella isolates in poultry samples. All the isolates were resistant to Tobramycin, Moxifloxacin, Sparfloxacin, Co-Trimoxazole, Nalidixic acid, Augmentin, Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Amikacin and Ticarcillin, indicating high level of resistance among the bacteria associated with poultry. Conclusively, finding of this study provides new information regarding the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance and Salmonella serovar diversity in retail markets of Bhopal city. The detection of zoonotic potential MDR Salmonella typhimurium in poultry presents a major threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, care must be taken in the use of antibiotics in farm animals to reduce the selection of multidrug resistant bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the different specialty career choices of undergraduate medical students and to identify the factors influencing their career choices. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Islamic International Medical College in April 2013. Materials and Methods: Final year students were selected through convenience sampling for this study.A 20 items questionnaire with one open ended and 19 Likert scale based close- ended questions was handed to 100 final year MBBS students, in order to explore their preferred career choices and reasons behind them. Non parametric data analysis was done through SPSS 20. Results: Response rate of students was 82% of which 49 (60%) were female and 33 (40%) were male. Medicine, surgery and gynecology were the top career choices among students. Family practice was the least chosen specialty. The top 3 reasons to choose a specialty were natural aptitude, better subject comprehension and work enjoyment. Parents in the same field, easy career progression and specialty related illness in the family were the least chosen reasons. Conclusion: Choice of specialty career in health professions has an impact on the healthcare needs of the country. 'Family practice' is a forgotten domain and its importance needs to be stressed. Medical curricula should emphasize on the importance of family practice as a career choice.