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Introduction: Hemoglobinopathies are the most common single gene disorders. Beta-thalassemia is one of the most common hemoglobinopathies worldwide, and a high prevalence is seen in Mediterranean region, central Asia, India, and Far East countries. Recurrent ischemic insults with parenchymal necrosis can result in hepatic fibrosis, chronic liver disease, and cirrhosis. Liver biopsy has historically been the primary means to evaluate for fibrosis and monitor disease progression, but it has significant limitations. Vibration controlled transient elastrography (VCTE) utilizing fibroscan uses an ultrasound transducer probe to create an elastic shear wave through vibrations of mild amplitude and low frequency (50Hz) which are transmitted through liver tissue. Material & Methods: Hospital based cross sectional study was conducted involving patients under 18 years of age registered for treatment of haemoglobinathies in the Department of Pediatrics, of Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi during June 2021 to June 2022. Result: It was observed that AST, ALT & ALP showed some progressive increase with increase in stage of fibrosis. Higher incidence of liver fibrosis was observed as patients age advances. Conclusion: Fibroscan is a recent technology which could detect the earliest changes in hepatic pathology without invasion, it is a painless technique and correlates well with changes in hepatic enzyme leading to identification of pathologic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L7567 --> 790.21 --> Flavodoxin (Fld) is a small FMN containing protein that is involved in single electron transfer. The long‐chain flavodoxin in Rhodopseudomonas palustris bacteria replaces ferredoxin as a low‐potential electron carrier when iron is scarce. Thus it is proposed to interact with the bifurcating electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) that yields low‐potential electrons. A surface loop on Fld interacts with another of Fld's partner proteins, so we hypothesize that it also mediates Fld's interaction with ETF. To monitor interactions with ETF directly and investigate dynamics in this loop, we are using 19F NMR in solution. 19F is hyperresponsive to changes in its chemical environment with a chemical shift range of >300 ppm. To provide a static reference point and assess structural heterogeneity, we are also exploiting X‐ray crystallography. In this study we selectively fluorinated the five tyrosine residues in Fld. We obtained resonance assignments from 19F spectra of Fld variants in which individual tyrosine residues have been replaced. We obtain well resolved signals for each residue, but the resonances' linewidths indicate dynamics that affects some resonances more than others. Y90 residue displays two resonances demonstrating two different conformations that interconvert slowly on an NMR time scale. Meanwhile the crystal structure solved at 2.1Å resolution reveals two molecules per asymmetric unit providing two perspectives on the details of the structure. The crystal symmetry is monoclinic in contrast to most of the other Flds, which are orthorhombic. Interestingly, the long loop bearing Y121 and Y123 is not well resolved in chain B of the crystal structure, and the NMR line of Y123 is exceptionally broad, both indicating that the loop is dynamic and capable of altering its conformation to accommodate binding to a partner protein. Future directions include monitoring the changes in the 19F NMR of the Fld when titrated with the partner protein, temperature dependence of the NMR spectrum and relaxation studies to evaluate time scales of motions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]