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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms. These parasites have a worldwide geographic distribution and pose a serious threat to livestock industry as well as human health in the endemic areas. CE is widely distributed in Pakistan. However, very few reports are available related to the regional transmission of E. granulosus. A retrospective analysis was conducted of surgically confirmed CE patients who were treated at Shoukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan from 2007 – 2018. In total, 536 CE patients were evaluated during the study period. Cases originated from the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (n=336), Punjab (n=147), Baluchistan (n=18), Sindh (n=3), Islamabad (n=2), Gilgit Baltistan (n=1), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (n=1). An additional 28 cases were from Afghanistan. The highest number of CE cases was reported in 2013 (n=90). Females made up a larger proportion of cases (n=310; 57.8 %) than males (n=226; 42.2 %). Most patients were members of the Pashtun (n=197; 36.7 %), Hindku (n=142; 26.5 %), and Punjabi (n=118; 22.0 %) ethnic groups. The largest number of cysts was obtained from the liver (137/536; 25.6 %). This study showed that CE is likely present throughout Pakistan. In order to control the disease, a comprehensive control program and regional surveillance are needed.

The main motive of this paper is to study the Bianchi Type-III cosmological model in the context of f(T) gravity. We construct some f(T) models for expalning the evolutionary behavior of equation of state parameter !DE and energy density DE. These parameters are calculated in terms of T=T0 and redshift z. To solve the field equations of the theory we have used hybrid expansion law which shows a transition from decelerated phase to an accelerated phase in f(T) theory gravity. We discuss these cosmological parameters graphically by taking different values of redshift and EoS parameter. The crossing of phantom divide line can be seen in exponential and combined f(T) models whereas it can not be seen in logarithmic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus is an important fruit produced in the Pakistan. The peel and waste of citrus after juice extraction is mostly wasted which contain important antioxidants and polyphenols. In current study citrus waste after juice extraction was utilized in the production of broiler meat as a feed ingredient, which have positive effects on antioxidant level of the meat. Chicken breast nuggets were prepared from that meat resulting in positive effect on Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DDPH) activity of the nuggets. The pH of the nuggets reduced as the citrus waste supplementation in the feed of the broilers increased, color L* and b* values of the nuggets were reduced, and color a* value was increased as the citrus waste supplementation in the feed of the broilers increased. Texture and water holding capacity of the nuggets have significant effect due to interaction effect of storage and treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperoxaluria and resultant oxalate nephropathy are infrequently reported causes of irreversible renal failure. A rapid decline in renal function in an otherwise insidiously progressive oxalate nephropathy may be triggered by various superimposed insults like the use of nephrotoxic drugs. We present the case of a patient with rapidly progressive renal failure due to oxalate nephropathy that lead to a retrospective diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. This case highlights the importance of timely assessment for enteric hyperoxaluria in patients with unexplained renal failure of tubulointerstitial nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to Electric Motor have required the regular monitoring for higher efficiency, performance, reliability the regular monitoring of an electrical motor is required. This article elaborates the novel approach for air-gap magnetic field analysis of switched reluctance motor in case of rotor cracks and rotor tilt around its shaft axis. The fault diagnosis is illustrated on the basis of a 3-D model of the SRM using of a technique known as finite element analysis (FEA). The flux linkage analytical equations are used for the derivation of inductance expressions. The results obtained from the 3-D FEA of an SRM having 6 stator and 4 rotor poles shows the variation of mutual inductance with the cracked rotor conditions and the tilting of the rotor shaft. The results obtained to explain the usefulness of the detection of cracked rotors and shaft tilting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium is an essential mineral for its crucial role in many physiological function and metabolism. While magnesium should be present in nutritionally important quantities in regular diets, average Bangladeshi diets frequently fail to contain an adequate supply of the element. Thus, the study aims to determine the amount of magnesium in four different dietary items, bananas, vegetables and pulses, locally available in Chittagong, Bangladesh, using Spectrophotometric method. As per the findings, the magnesium concentration for banana contrasts between 0.843 µg/g and 3.654µg/g. Musa cavendishii from Satkania Upazila contains the highest value while, the lowest amount is found in Musa paradisiaca from Lama Upazila. For arums, the amount varies between 0.476 and 21.3456µg/g. The highest amount was found in arums, Colocasia esculenta (Patiya upazila) i.e. 21.3456µg/g and the lowest amount appears from the same species at Boailkhali upazila. In vegetables, the quantity fluctuates between 1.62 and 5.93 µg/g with the maximum amount found in Anowara upazila. Magnesium in pulses was observed in the range 6.5333-28.3208 µg/g. The utmost value is found in Lathyrus sativus and lowest value is in Phaseolus aureus species of Hathazari upazila. Among the four kinds, the highest is found in pulse species, Lathyrus sativus and, the lowest is discovered in Arums species, Colocasia esculenta at Boailkhali upazila of Chittagong, Bangladesh. This analysis will serve as a fundamental research to study the amount of Mg enabling us to take preventive measures from magnesium deficiency diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An evaluation of dermatology patients shielding during the COVID-19 outbreak Retrospective analysis of patient records/pharmacy lists revealed 1071 patients that met the British Association of Dermatologists' criteria for shielding.4 Printed letters were posted to these patients, advising them accordingly. In conclusion, the majority of our highly vulnerable dermatology patients shielded, continued to take their immunosuppressive medication and denied any symptoms of COVID-19. [Extracted from the article]

Background Many cases of post-operative and posttraumatic endophthalmitis are being managed at the Khyber Institute of Ophthalmic Medical Sciences, Peshawar in Pakistan but no study has been done to ascertain the magnitude of the disease and to also evaluate the visual outcome after management. Methods The case notes of 39 patients diagnosed with posttraumatic and postoperative endophthalmitis between May 2006 and April 2007 were analyzed and clinical characteristics obtained were documented and tabulated Results During the study period, 2474 patients were admitted in both the male and female wards. Of these, 39 (1.6%) had endophthalmitis due to surgical and traumatic complications. In all, 6 (12.4%) patients had evisceration, while 21 (53.8%) patients who had topical antibiotics consisting of ofloxacin, 0.1% corticosteroids, fortified cetazoline and 1% atropine along with intravitreal antibiotics, a combination of 0.1mg vancomycin and 0.4mg amikacin, were discharged home with a visual acuity of counting fingers to light perception. Conclusion Endophthalmitis is a serious ocular complication of open globe injury and intraocular surgery. The frequency in this center has been noted to be very high as compared to other places. Its management is very challenging and often leads to devastating structural and functional damage to the eye; causing severe frustration to both the patient and the attending physician. Efforts must be made to prevent the condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]