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8. Theoretical insight into stabilities and optoelectronic properties of RbZnX3 (X=Cl, Br) halide perovskites for energy conversion applications.

Author

Khan, Naimat Ullah, Ghani, Usman, khan, Arshad, Khan, Asif Nawaz, Ullah, Khadim, Ali, Roshan, and Fadhali, Mohammed M.

Abstract

Owing to the interesting physical characteristics of perovskites, herein, we investigate RbZnX3 (X = Cl, Br) halide perovskites for sustainable green energy applications. All the given structures were made relaxed and minimum energy was attained by employing Birch-Muranghan equation of state. The electronic band structure of the under study materials were calculated through modified-Beck-Johnson potential. Our results showed that all the investigated RbZnX3 (X = Cl, Br) perovskites are semiconductors with band gaps of 1.34, and 0.12 eV, respectively. The calculated tolerance factors, formation energies, Born-Hung criteria, phonon spectra and ab initio molecular dynamic (AIMD) simulations demonstrated that the given compounds exhibit geometrical, thermodynamic, mechanical, dynamic and thermal stabilities. Findings of elastic investigation revealed an elastic, anisotropic, and ductile nature of our predicted compounds. Moreover, all the studied materials revealed strong absorption – 104 cm−1 in the visible and ultraviolet spectrum and the device absorption efficiency (%) was found comparable to other known reported materials. Overall, this study demonstrates that our simulated perovskites are suitable candidates for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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9. Evaluating prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic techniques for Cryptosporidium infection in goats and surrounding water sources.

Author

Rafiq, Manahil, Khan, Naimat Ullah, Khan, Imad, Ahmad, Mansoor, Bibi, Aiman, Ben Said, Mourad, Belkahia, Hanène, Tariq, Muhammad, Saeed, Silwat, Abdel-Maksoud, Mostafa A., El-Tayeb, Mohamed A., Fatima, Sabiha, Kiani, Bushra Hafeez, Alfuraydi, Akram A., and Badshah, Farhad

Subjects
CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS, WATER sampling, AGE groups, WATER pollution, CRYPTOSPORIDIUM, FECAL analysis, GOAT milk
Abstract

Background: Cryptosporidium spp. are protozoan parasites that infect the gastrointestinal tract of various animals, including goats, and can also contaminate water sources, posing a significant public health risk. Detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in fecal and water samples is critical for understanding the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and implementing appropriate control measures. Various staining methods, such as the Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Kenyon's Acid-Fast (KAF) staining techniques, are employed to identify these oocysts. This study compared the effectiveness of these two staining methods in detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in goat feces and water samples across different geographic regions in district of Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, and other factors such as genders, age groups, diarrheal statuses, and feeding regimes. Methods: A total of 300 fecal and 300 water samples were collected from goats and water sources in four geographic regions: Tehsil Katlang, Tehsil Takhtbhai, Tehsil Mardan, and Tehsil Lundkhwarh. Samples were categorized based on gender, age group (<1 year, 1–2 years, and >2 years), diarrheal status, and feeding regime (stall feeding, grazing). The two staining methods, ZN and KAF staining, were employed to detect Cryptosporidium oocysts. The detection rates were calculated, and statistical analyses were performed to compare the effectiveness of the two methods across different categories. Results: The overall detection rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts for fecal samples were 61.00% (95% CI: 55.22–66.55%) using the ZN method and 63.33% (95% CI: 57.60–68.79%) using KAF method, with no significant difference (p > 0.05). The highest detection rate was observed in Tehsil Katlang (70.66%) with the ZN method and in both Tehsil Katlang and Takhtbhai (66.66%) with the KAF staining method, having no significant difference (p > 0.05). Gender-wise analysis in fecal samples showed similar detection rates for males and females, with no significant differences. Age-wise, the highest detection rates were found in the youngest age group (<1 year) using the ZN method, and in the oldest age group (>2 years) using KAF staining, with no significant differences between age groups. Diarrheal status analysis indicated higher detection rates in diarrheic goats for both methods, with the highest detection rate in the diarrheic group of Tehsil Katlang (84.61%) using the ZN method. Feeding regime analysis showed no significant differences between stall-fed and grazing goats. For water samples, the detection rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts were significantly different between the two methods. The ZN technique had a significantly higher overall detection rate of 16.00% (95% CI: 12.03–20.64%) compared to 1.00% (95% CI: 0.20–2.89%) for KAF staining (p < 0.001). The performance of the two staining methods for the detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in contaminated water samples from different geographic regions was also presented. Conclusion: Both ZN and KAF staining methods are effective for detecting Cryptosporidium oocysts in goat feces. However, in water samples, the ZN method showed a significantly higher detection rate compared to KAF staining method, suggesting its suitability for environmental surveillance. These findings highlight the importance of integrating reliable diagnostic techniques with public health interventions to mitigate the zoonotic risks of cryptosporidiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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10. Cryptosporidium from sheep herds around water tributaries of the Malakand region of Pakistan.

Author

Ali, Umar, Khan, Naimat Ullah, Ullah, Kamran, Usman, Tahir, Khattak, Irfan, and Karanis, Panagiotis

Subjects
*SHEEP breeds, *CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *ANIMAL young, *SHEEP
Abstract

This study was designed to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections in sheep herds around tributaries in Pakistan and to evaluate the influence of potential risk factors. In total, 448 samples from 26 sheep herds were screened microscopically and then confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 18S SSU rRNA gene. Our result revealed that, out of 448 samples, 107 were found positive by microscopy and 77 positive by PCR, with prevalence rates of 23.88% and 17.18% in different breeds of sheep. A high statistical difference exists between the p-value (p,0.05) when comparing diarrheic and non-diarrheic sheep, breeds, ages, genders, and seasons. The highest infection rate was found in the Australian breed (8.25%); season-wise, the highest prevalence was recorded in summer. Furthermore, sheep-secreting diarrheal faces were 41% young sheep and lambs. This reveals that young animals are more susceptible to infection than adults, and cryptosporidial infection decreases with increasing age of the animal. This report is the first on the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in sheep sampled near the tributaries in Pakistan. The implications of this study’s findings are clear; immediate action is necessary to prevent further spread and potentially devasting harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potentials of Punica granatum Peel Extracts in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats.

Author

Awan, Aamir Khan, Sultana, Nighat, Khan, Rahmat Ali, Sultana, Rifhat, Umm-e-Kalsoom, Sahibzada, Fayaz Ahmed, Khan, Rifat Ullah, Khan, Naimat Ullah, Khan, Nazir Ahmad, Zaman, Syed Haider, Shah, Mir Sadiq, and Shah, Assar Ali

Abstract

The peel/rind of Punica granatum is approximately 60% of the total fruit weight which is generally wasted every year, although, it is known to have a variety of medicinal benefits. The present study was conducted to find the antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potentials of P. granatum peels extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats. The diabetes was induced in albino rats using alloxan at the concentration of 150 mg kg-1 body weight. After 15 days, the treated groups with glabinclemide and different varieties of methanolic and aqueous extracts showed a significant (P<0.05) decrease in the blood glucose level as compared to diabetic control while slight differences were seen in body weight. The total cholesterol, triglycerides, and lowdensity lipoprotein, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, serum creatinine and total proteins were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in response to oral dosing of three varieties of P. granatum peel methanolic and aqueous extracts which were comparable to healthy control. Moreover, the aqueous extracts and wild P. grantaum were more effective than methanolic extracts and other species against hyperglycemia and biochemical profiles of treated rats. It was concluded that the extracts of peels of P. granatum possess significant antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic potentials due to presence of phytochemical and have no side effects. Based on the outcome of the study it can be recommended that the peel of P. granatum can be further used for the development of antidiabetic drugs or in folk medicines traditionally to treat the diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Dividend policy and the stock market reaction to dividend announcements in Pakistan

Author

Khan, Naimat Ullah, Burton, Bruce, and Power, David

Subjects
332.64
Abstract

Dividends are payments made to the shareholders (owners) out of firms? earnings. Numerous academics, adopting either a behavioural or empirical approach, have provided rationales to address the issue of why companies pay dividends and whether the market response to the announcements can be predicted. However, these endeavours have failed to achieve unanimity on either issue. Moreover, most of these studies have been conducted in countries with developed markets; relatively little research has been conducted in the emerging stock markets of (Southern) Asia, such as Pakistan. This thesis tries to fill the gap in the literature by investigating both the impact of dividend announcements on the share prices of Pakistani firms and the behavioural determinants of dividend policy. The Pakistani market was characterised by a unique tax system, with capital gains totally exempted from taxation before June 2010. This unique feature provides an additional motivation for the researcher to explore the reasons why Pakistani firms pay dividends despite the tax penalty associated with such disbursements. For the purposes of the research, a mixed-methods approach was employed involving, firstly, an event study to calculate any unexpected share returns around dividend announcements for a sample of 639 dividend events across 202 firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) over the period 2005-09. Secondly, interviews were conducted with 23 company executives to ascertain their views about the determinants of dividend policy and its perceived impact on share prices. To gain an alternative – investor – perspective on the signalling impact of dividends, 16 financial analysts were also interviewed. The results of the event study indicate that dividend announcements do not convey information about Pakistani firms to the stock market; insignificant unexpected returns are documented for the announcement date. Nonetheless, the disaggregated results of the event study showed significant unexpected returns for the dividend increase and no-change sub-groups – usually before the actual dividend announcement date. However, consistent with results for developed countries with diverse shareholdings, this research suggests that earnings are the dominant signal in Pakistan, in the context of an interaction effect where earnings and dividends signals re-enforce each other. The results of the interviews indicated that Pakistani executives primarily base their dividend decisions on earnings, followed by liquidity. However, Pakistani firms do not appear have target payout ratios or employ a constant speed-of-adjustment to decide on payout levels. Indeed, most of the firms indicated that they decided the current payout ratio on an ad hoc basis. More importantly, both sets of interviewees (company officials and financial analysts) believed in the signalling effect, where dividends were sometimes used by investors as a signal of future earnings.

Published
2011

21. The prevalence, risk factors analysis and evaluation of two diagnostic techniques for the detection of Cryptosporidium infection in diarrheic sheep from Pakistan

Author

Khan, Naimat Ullah, primary, Usman, Tahir, additional, Sarwar, Mian Saeed, additional, Ali, Hazrat, additional, Gohar, Ali, additional, Asif, Muhammad, additional, Rabbani, Fazli, additional, Khan, Rifat Ullah, additional, Sultana, Nighat, additional, Khan, Nazir Ahmad, additional, Mobashar, Muhammad, additional, Shah, Assar Ali, additional, and Wanapat, Metha, additional

Published
2022
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25. Antimicrobial Usage and Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus : Methicillin- and Tetracycline-Resistant Strains in Raw Milk of Lactating Dairy Cattle.

Author

Lubna, Hussain, Tahir, Shami, Ashwag, Rafiq, Naseem, Khan, Shehryar, Kabir, Muhammad, Khan, Naimat Ullah, Khattak, Irfan, Kamal, Mustafa, and Usman, Tahir

Subjects
METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, RAW milk, DAIRY cattle, FOOD poisoning, CATTLE, MICROCOCCACEAE, FOODBORNE diseases
Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent cause of food-borne diseases worldwide. Enterotoxigenic strains of this bacteria are frequently found in raw milk, and some of these strains are resistant to antimicrobials, posing a risk to consumers. The main objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of S. aureus in raw milk and to detect the presence of mecA and tetK genes in it. A total of 150 milk samples were obtained aseptically from lactating cattle, including Holstein Friesian, Achai, and Jersey breeds, maintained at different dairy farms. The milk samples were checked for the presence of S. aureus, and it was detected in 55 (37%) of them. The presence of S. aureus was verified by culturing on selective media, gram staining, and performing coagulase and catalase tests. Further confirmation was performed through PCR with a species-specific thermonuclease (nuc) gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the confirmed S. aureus was then determined by using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion technique. Out of the 55 confirmed S. aureus isolates, 11 were determined to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). The highest resistance was found to penicillin (100%) and oxacillin (100%), followed by tetracycline (72.72%), amikacin (27.27%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (18.18%), tobramycin (18.18%), and gentamycin (9.09%). Amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin were found to be susceptible (100%). Out of 11 MDR S. aureus isolates, the methicillin resistance gene (mecA) was detected in 9 isolates, while the tetracycline resistance gene (tetK) was found in 7 isolates. The presence of these methicillin- and tetracycline-resistant strains in raw milk poses a major risk to public health, as they can cause food poisoning outbreaks that can spread rapidly through populations. Our study concludes that out of nine empirically used antibiotics, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin were highly effective against S. aureus compared to penicillin, oxacillin, and tetracycline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. First-principles investigation on the structural, electronic, mechanical and optical properties of silver based perovskite AgXCl3(X= Ca, Sr)

Author

Khan, Umar Ayaz, Khan, Naimat Ullah, Abdullah, Alghtani, Abdulaziz H., Tirth, Vineet, Ahmed, Sara J., Sajjad, Muhammad, Algahtani, Ali, Shaheed, Tahir, and Zaman, Abid

Abstract

Structural, electronic, optical and elastic properties of Silver based Perovskite AgXCl3(X = Ca, Sr) are studied by utilizing wien2k package with in DFT. The structural investigation reveals their stability and shows that these compounds are cubic with space group pm-3m 221. For electronic properties the band structure and density of states are computed which indicates the semiconducting nature of both compounds. Elastic constants, Pugh’s ratio, bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratio and anisotropy factor are studied for the analysis of elastic characteristic. The Pugh’s ratio describes the ductile nature of the compounds and ionic nature is determined from the evaluated Cauchy pressure. Optical parameters such as dielectric function, extinction coefficient, refractive index, absorption coefficient, reflectivity and optical conductivity are calculated in the energy range of 0 eV–35 eV. The thermal stability is conformed from the thermal property. The study of these compounds reveals that they can be potential candidates for optoelectronic devices.

Published
2022
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39. Migration Impact on Remittances Special Focus on Gulf Countries: A Case Study of Pakistan

Author

Nadeem, Muhammad Asif, Abidi, Syed Muhammad Raza, Khan, Naimat Ullah, and Liting Zhu

Abstract

Introduction Migration is a form of geographic or spatial mobility involving a change of usual residence between clearly defined geographic units (Edmonston & Michalowski, 2004). Migration is intertwined with geopolitics, trade and cultural exchange, and provides opportunities for States, businesses and communities to benefit enormously.International migration is a complex phenomenon that touches on a multiplicity of economic, social and security aspects affecting our daily lives in an increasingly interconnected world (McAuliffe & Ruhs, 2017). The United Nations Recommendations on Statistics of International Migration defines an international migrant as any person who has changed his or her country of usual residence, distinguishing between “short-term migrants” (those who have changed their country of usual residence for at least three months, but less than one year) and “long-term migrants” (those who have done so for at least one year) (DESA, 1998). Obviously, migrationhas bothpositive and negative impact on the migrants, their families,and also the sendingand receiving countries.The world is facing huge challenges of property development and the billions of individual’s still flat ligneous financial condition and are empty a lifetime of pleasure. Particularly, youth unemployment may be a major concern. Like other less developed countries, Pakistan is facing with issues of large financial condition and speedy increase in its labor migration(Kamrava & Babar, 2012) 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Published
2019
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40. Financial Pattern of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Pakistan.

Author

Khan, Naimat Ullah, Sultan, Wajid, and Khan, Rahman Ullah

Subjects
SMALL business, FINANCIAL management, SNOWBALL sampling, STOCKS (Finance)
Abstract

The study explores the financial pattern of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Financial pattern including overall management of sources of financing, the obstacles in financing and to identify the most lucrative sources of financing. The data is gathered through 200 questionnaires distributed in four districts, namely, Peshawar, Mardan, Swat and Haripur of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using the snowball sampling technique. The reason for choosing KP province is that it has a meager proportion of about 5% in total 3.2 million SMEs in Pakistan. The research explores the financial reasons for such a low number of SMEs in KP. The results of the study show that major problem to SMEs is an access to formal financing sector including high interest rate, high collateral requirements and the complex documentation process to get loans. The major source of financing in KP is equity capital and re-invested profit made by business. The findings also indicate that majority of managers and owners of SMEs are dissatisfied from the banks and policies of Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA). The study suggests that SMEDA should have clear and transparent policies and vision to fulfill the financial needs of SMEs from the formal financial Institutions. Similarly, banks should tailor their products and services according to the needs of SMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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48. Relationship between Social Media Marketing and Consumer Buying Behavior

Author

Ather, Syed Muhammad, Khan, Naimat Ullah, Rehman, Faizan ur, Nazneen, Lubna, Ather, Syed Muhammad, Khan, Naimat Ullah, Rehman, Faizan ur, and Nazneen, Lubna

Abstract

The social media has become an integral part of our lives with the introduction of 3G, 4G technology in Pakistan it has become possible for people to stay connected from anywhere any time. The purpose of this study is to find out that if any relationship between social media marketing and consumer buying behavior exist if their existence affected each other in any significant way. For this purpose an online survey was conducted and 100 people responded who were active users of social media in the region of Peshawar an unstructured/ structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from the respondents. The research findings and results confirms that there is a positive relationship between social media marketing and consumer buying behavior as well as that social media can be used as an effective marketing tool in region of Peshawar.

Published
2019

50. Epidemiology of Subclinical Mastitis in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) of Two Distinct Agro-Ecological Zones of Pakistan

Author

Ali, Mahboob, primary, Avais, Muhammad, additional, Ijaz, Muhammad, additional, Chaudhary, Memoona, additional, Hussain, Riaz, additional, Aqib, Amjad Islam, additional, Khan, Naimat Ullah, additional, Sohail, Muhammad Luqman, additional, Khan, Madiha, additional, Khan, Mumtaz Ali, additional, Ahmad, Mehtab, additional, Hasni, Muhammad Sajid, additional, Qaiser, Imran, additional, Rashid, Ghazanfar, additional, Haq, Ikramul, additional, and Khan, Ikramullah, additional

Published
2019
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