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Glycoprotein (GP) Ibα shedding mediated by ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) plays an important role in negatively regulating platelet function and thrombus formation. However, the mechanism of GPIbα shedding remains elusive. Here, we show that jasplakinolide (an actin-polymerizing peptide)-induced actin polymerization results in GPIbα shedding and impairs platelet function. Thrombin and A23187-induced GPIbα shedding is increased by jasplakinolide; in contrast, GPIbα shedding is reduced by a depolymerization regent (cytochalasin B). We find that actin polymerization activates calpain leading to filamin A hydrolyzation. We further demonstrate that the interaction of filamin A with the cytoplasmic domain of GPIbα plays a critical role in regulating actin polymerization-induced GPIbα shedding. Taken together, these data demonstrate that actin polymerization regulates ADAM17-mediated GPIbα shedding, suggesting a novel strategy to negatively regulate platelet function.

Underwater wireless sensor networks are gaining popularity since supporting a broad range of applications, both military and civilian. Wireless acoustics is the most widespread technology adopted in underwater networks, the realization of which must face several challenges induced by channel propagation like signal attenuation, multipath and latency. In order to address such issues, the attention of researchers has recently focused on the concept of cooperative communication and networking, borrowed from terrestrial systems and to be conveniently recast in the underwater scenario. In this paper, we present a comprehensive literature review about cooperative underwater wireless sensor networks, investigating how nodes cooperation can be exploited at the different levels of the network protocol stack. Specifically, we review the diversity techniques employable at the physical layer, error and medium access control link layer protocols, and routing strategies defined at the network layer. We also provide numerical results and performance comparisons among the most widespread approaches. Finally, we present the current and future trends in cooperative underwater networks, considering the use of machine learning algorithms to efficiently manage the different aspects of nodes cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the common and feared complications of surgical procedures. There is still ongoing debate regarding the use of closed suction drains in reducing the incidence of surgical site infection. The objective of this study was to compare Surgical Site Infection in dynamic hip screw surgery patients with and without closed suction drain. Materials & Methods: This was a descriptive comparative study conducted in Orthopedic and spine surgery department, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from 24th April, 2022 to 23rd October 2022. One hundred eighty-four consecutive patients who underwent surgery for proximal femoral fractures were included in this study. The data was collected from the two groups i.e. "A" (closed suction drain) and "B" (without drain). Results: Total of 5(2.70%) patients out of 184 developed surgical site infection, 3 patients (3.26%) in group "A" (Drain group) and 2(2.17%) in group "B" (Un drain Group). Conclusion: There is statistically no significant difference in placement of closed suction drain and not putting drains in clean hip surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Keinbock's disease, also known as lunatomalacia or avascular necrosis of the lunate first described by Austrian Robert Keinbock in 1910, is a relatively rare condition affecting the wrist. Its epidemiology varies across different populations and regions, and several factors contribute to its occurrence. Keinbock's disease is considered relatively rare, with an estimated annual incidence of 1-3 cases per 100,000 individuals. Treatment strategies range from lunate-preserving techniques in early stages to salvage procedures in advanced stages. This study focuses on Stage 3 Keinbock's disease patients without osteoarthritic signs, evaluating the efficacy of radial shortening osteotomy in improving patient outcomes. Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in a District Headquarter teaching hospital Bannu, KPK and Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar KPK from January 2023 to June 2023. All the cases were performed by one of the Hand surgery fellows. The study was approved by Hospital ethical committee. Between 2018 and 2022 all the cases of keinbocks disease treated by radial shortening osteotomy meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: There were 12 patients in this study with keinbocks disease. Out of these, 5 were males and 7 were females. Right side was predominantly involved and no patients had bilateral disease. Average follow up was more than 12 months for each case. Physiological and radiological parameters were assessed both preoperatively and post operatively using standardized protocol. Pain improved significantly, which was severe in 7 cases and moderate in 5 cases, postoperatively was present mildly in 2 cases. Grip strength which was 45-60 % preoperatively improved to 80 -90% postoperatively. Similarly, loss of wrist ROM also improved dramatically almost to normal. There was much less effect on the radiology of the patients. Lunate sclerosis remained the same. Only one case developed arthritis after one year of surgery but he had no pain and needed no further treatment. Conclusion: Radial shortening osteotomy for Stage 3 Keinbock's disease appears promising based on our 1-year follow-up results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]