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Desulfurization as a pre-treatment technique, of the transportation fuel is peremptory both for upgrading fuel quality for commercial exploitation and reducing the outflow of poisonous sulfur compounds for environmental remediation. This article encompasses the applications of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for the desulfurization of transportation fuels. This composite membrane system synergizes viable processability of the polymers and enhanced selectivity of different incorporated fillers. Hence it offers increased thermal stability, mechanical strength, excellent separation, and purification performance over traditional polymeric and inorganic membranes. These composite materials are widely studied for their potential applications in sensing, catalysis, water purification, gas separation, and adsorption. Herein, different types of MMMs with respect to fillers, chemical compositions and fabrication methods are focused and then systematically compiled and discussed the recent trend for the desulfurization of transportation fuels with profound scientific rationale. Finally, future prospects and room for further advancements in the wider spectrum of MMMs are discussed for better applications and adoptability in the processing of fuel oils. This review will assist the researchers working on the large-scale processing of transportation fuels with a single-point source of knowledge and will save ample amount of time as well as contribute into key future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English Loanwords Adaptation and Substitution Process in Lasi Asad Ullah Aliani 1 Zahid Ali2 Sami Ullah Khan3 1MS scholar, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan 3Assistant Professor, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan Abstract Loanwords often go under the adaptation process with native words. In the loanwords adaptation phonology has a vital role. The loanword phonology highlights more features in a particular language. The phonological pattern of loanword phonology is novel. It is the reflection of native phonology. The English loanwords are adapted in the Lasi. This paper addresses the questions: Which sounds are substituted in Lasi? and How substitutions with English loanwords occur in Lasi? The data are collected through observation and interviews. Optimality Theory is used for data analysis and presentation. It is the most used framework in current era. Optimality Theory is used by Ito and Mester (1995, 1999), Davidson and Noyer (1996) Broselow (2004) and other constraint-based approaches by Paradis and LaCharité (1997), LaCharité and Paradis (2005) as well as Crawford (2007). Towards the end, it has been seen that an English loanword and its Lasi counterpart have different structure, they are adopted and used by Lasi speakers in different ways, in their own style. Lasi natives prefer one feature changing rule for the ease of pronunciation. In English, loanwords adaptation terminal devoicing, continuant feature, retroflexion and palatalization are common. Lasi natives prefer unmarked constraints in adaptation. These words are pronounced according to Lasi phonological pattern. It can be claimed on the base of the inputs and outputs that Lasi adapts English loanwords according to it is own pattern. The substitution processes take place while changing one feature. Substitutions have been occurred from marked to unmarked. The preference of distinct feature is given to the unmarked features. So, the process of lenition occurs in Lasi English loanwords. It is common that languages always prefer unmarked as compared to markedness. So, the same rule has been followed by Lasi.

Herein, Tin-impregnated graphene oxide (Sn/GO) composite was designed and tested for the catalytic removal of sulfides from the simulated and real commercial oils in the hydrogen peroxide and formic acid (HCOOH/H2O2) oxidation system. The prepared GO and Sn/GO were characterized in terms of surface morphology and other catalytic properties, which confirmed that the Sn/GO catalyst has a large surface area and more surface functional groups than GO. The desulfurization activity of the Sn/GO-HCOOH/H2O2 system was analyzed for the model dibenzothiophene (DBT) and real commercial oil at different substrate concentrations, time, temperature, pH, and oxidant and catalyst doses. The results showed that the Sn/GO-HCOOH/H2O2 system removed 97% DBT from the model oil and accumulative sulfur of 90%, 69%, and 61%, respectively, from gasoline, diesel, and kerosene oil employing 0.03 g/10 mL catalyst, 2 mL of H2O2/HCOOH in 50 min at 50°C, and pH 3. Sn/GO could be recycled up to five consecutive runs retaining more than 57% efficiency. Due to its environmental greenness, ease of preparation, and cost-effectiveness, this unique catalyst-oxidant system can be envisioned for the oxidation of sulfides from real oils. Research Highlights Pristine and Sn-loaded GO composite were synthesized and characterized. The Sn/GO-HCOOH/H2O2 system oxidized 97 and 90 % DBT from the model and real oil. O2− radicals generated due to synergism between Sn/GO and HCOOH/H2O2 species. The Sn/GO-HCOOH/H2O2 system remained active for five successive reuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric disorders are complex mental conditions that cause significant emotional distress and impairment in a person’s ability to function normally. Globally, there is an alarming rise in the prevalence of psychiatric conditions. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathophysiology of these disorders, but molecular underpinnings are still elusive. Cholinergic dysregulation is one of the etiology of psychiatric disorders. This study was aimed to assess the status of hydrolyzing enzyme of the cholinergic neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from blood and investigate the possible association of a single nucleotide polymorphism (rs17228602) in the 3'UTR region of the ACHE gene with a predisposition to psychiatric disorder. Ninety-five confirmed psychiatric and one hundred thirty healthy individuals were recruited for the study with due consent. AChE was determined by Elman’s method. SNP was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method and Sanger sequencing of DNA samples. The results showed notably reduced AChE levels in psychiatric cohorts with statistical significance (p≤0.05). Genotype and allelic association of the examined SNP revealed a risk of the psychiatric condition in patients. It is concluded that AChE activity and the ACHE gene’s 3′-UTR variant have a significant role in developing psychiatric disorders. Further studies will open a new direction of the investigation and therapeutic interventions for psychiatric disorders. However, further study with more study participants of homogenous composition in terms of psychiatric disorder is recommended to conclusively understand the role of ACHE gene variants in the development of psychiatric diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juvenile is the term used for children under the age of 18 years and delinquency is a term that is defined by the law for criminal behavior which is often the result of extreme problematic behavior. Generally better the peer group better would be the children environment. Similarly, peer groups have a positive and negative role in children's socialization. The present study was conducted to find out the impact of peer groups on juvenile delinquency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data were collected from 222 law-breaking youths who were imprisoned in three jails in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In the context of Peer groups, the result showed a significant association of juvenile delinquency with the company of peer groups have negatively affected the juvenile, the association between peer groups fulfils the need of the family, and involvement in deviant peer groups leads to delinquencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]