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Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are prescribed for individuals with high cardiovascular (CV) risk; however, persistent cough limits the use of ACEIs in a large number of patients. The current study aimed to identify the genetic variants in the SLCO1B1 gene that might be associated with ACEI-related cough in a Pakistani hypertensive population. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. A total of 74 patients who had been treated with ACEIs were recruited through a convenient sampling method. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board & Ethics Committee of the Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad. Patients provided 2 ml of blood for sequencing after signing informed consent. Partial gene sequencing of SLCO1B1 was carried out to find single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes. Results: It was found, through a structured questionnaire, that thirty-eight (38) patients experienced cough within 2 weeks of ACEI administration and were considered as a case group (cough), and thirty-six (36) patients were considered as a control group (no cough). The incidence of cough was 51%. We found six different SNPs and 9 haplotypes in the partial gene sequences of SLCO1B1. Haplotype H4 was associated significantly with cough after adjusting for sex and smoking status. Other SNPs and haplotypes were not significantly associated with ACE-Is-induced cough. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the significance of SLCO1B1 genetic variants, specifically H4, as a potential predictor of ACEI-induced cough. It could be included in clinical practice as a possible risk factor for ACEI-induced cough once confirmed in larger clinical trials with bigger sample sizes. The replication of these findings in larger and more diverse populations is likely to contribute to the therapeutic use of ACEIs by predicting ACEI-induced cough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potentially poisonous elements (PPEs) water pollution has become one of the key issues in the field of water treatment. In recent years, it has threatened ecosystems as well as human health. This study aims to remove PPEs such as chromium (Cr6+), copper (Cu2+), lead (Pb2+), and Zinc (Zn2+) from both vehicle wash wastewater and aqueous solutions through batch experiments utilising carbonaceous adsorbents. Carbonaceous adsorbents were prepared from waste polyethylene terephthalate (wPET) and waste polystyrene (wPS) by carbonisation under a N2 atmosphere followed by chemical activation with 1 M KOH and 1 M HCl. The carbonaceous adsorbents were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, surface area analysis, as well as scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, except for Cr6+, the adsorption of PPEs from aqueous solutions is highly dependent on pH, and the highest removal rate was recorded at pH 6.0. However, the largest Cr6+ adsorption was noted at pH 3.0. Using 0.2 g of adsorbent, the adsorption reached equilibrium after 90 min. Results demonstrated that highest removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cr6+, and Zn2+ from aqueous solution achieved over wPET-AC adsorbent was 98.40%, 97.60%, 96.80% and 99.90%, respectively, whereas that of wPS-AC adsorbent was 96.30%, 95.64%, 94.22% and 97.60%, respectively. Root mean square error (RMSE) was also calculated for the validation of data. Isotherms as well as kinetics models are used to evaluate the adsorption capacity of carbonaceous adsorbents for PPEs. The experimental results have shown that the pseudo-second-order as well as Langmuir models are the most suitable for the data. Thermodynamic studies have shown that the adsorption of PPEs is spontaneous as well as endothermic in nature. This study shows that the novel carbonaceous adsorbent wPET-AC and wPS-AC has great potential to remove PPEs from vehicle wash wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C12H15NO4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.4325(3) Å, b = 7.5171(3) Å, c = 23.7377(9) Å, α = 87.780(3)°, β = 89.105(3)°, γ = 61.299(4)°, V = 1162.42(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0566, wRref(F2) = 0.1652, T = 100(2) K.

One homoleptic (1) and three heteroleptic (2–4) palladium(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by various physicochemical techniques, i.e., elemental analysis, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR. Compound 1 was also confirmed by single crystal XRD, showing a slightly distorted square planar geometry. The antibacterial results obtained via the agar-well diffusion method for compound 1 were maximum among the screen compounds. All the compounds have shown good to significant antibacterial results against the tested bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus, except 2 against Klebsiella pneumonia. Similarly, the molecular docking study of compound 3 has shown the best affinity with binding energy scores of −8.6569, −6.5716, and −7.6966 kcal/mol against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Compound 2 has exhibited the highest activity (3.67 µM), followed by compound 3 (4.57 µM), 1 (6.94 µM), and 4 (21.7 µM) against the DU145 human prostate cancer cell line using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method as compared to cisplatin (>200 µM). The highest docking score was obtained for compounds 2 (−7.5148 kcal/mol) and 3 (−7.0343 kcal/mol). Compound 2 shows that the Cl atom of the compound acts as a chain side acceptor for the DR5 receptor residue Asp B218 and the pyridine ring is involved in interaction with the Tyr A50 residue via arene-H, while Compound 3 interacts with the Asp B218 residue via the Cl atom. The physicochemical parameters determined by the SwissADME webserver revealed that no blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation is predicted for all four compounds, while gastrointestinal absorption is low for compound 1 and high for the rest of the compounds (2–4). As concluding remarks based on the obtained in vitro biological results, the evaluated compounds after in vivo studies might be a good choice for future antibiotics and anticancer agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu(II) complexes of substituted Guanidines having common formula [κ2(O, N)-C6H5CONHC(NHR1)NR2]2Cu(II), in which R1 = C6H5– and R2 = C(CH3)3 (1), CH2CH2CH3 (2), CH(CH3)2 (3), 2, 6-Cl2C6H3 (4) and 4-CH3C6H4 (5) were synthesized and their structural and chemical characteristics were examined by CHN analyzer, FTIR, NMR Spectrometer (including 1H and 13C) and magnetic susceptibility balance. Two of the guanidine ligands and their Cu(II) complexes were also analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that majority of the studied guanidine ligands were stable due to intermolecular and intra-molecular hydrogen bonding. The synthesized compounds are mononuclear having pseudo square planar geometry, whereas guanidine ligands attached to the metal center via oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The metallodrugs demonstrated better urease inhibition action than their parent guanidine ligands and also have shown fairly good score regarding the potato disk bioassay in comparison with the vincristine, employed as a standard drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study reports the adsorption of aluminum (Al3+) from aqueous solutions through batch experiments using eucalyptus wood waste-derived biochar (EWB). The EWB morphology and structure were observed by surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, as well as Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy. A thorough analysis of the variables influencing adsorption performance was conducted. The adsorption process was examined using the Freundlich, Langmuir, pseudo-second-order models as well as pseudo-first-order. The EWB showed a high adsorption rate in low concentration Al3+ solutions. The adsorption of Al3+ was exothermic and spontaneous. The prepared EWB are very promising as an alternative adsorbent for Al3+ due to their porous structure and high adsorption capacity (>90%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]