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This study investigated the effect of nightmare on sleep disturbance and emotional dysregulation among University Students.The sample size comprised of 300 students which include 150 males and 150 females. Data was taken from the different departments of Government Post Graduate College for boys and University of Haripur by using the purposive sampling technique. Three instruments were used to take the responses of the participants including Nightmare Experience Scale,Sleep Quality Scale and Difficulty in Emotion Regulation .The findings revealed that there is significant role of nightmare on sleep quality and emotional dysregulation. Findings indicates that there is significant mean difference between males and females on sleep disturbance and emotional dysregulation. Results proved that Rural area participants differ significantly on Sleep Disturbance and Emotional Dysregulation as compared to urban area participants. Outcomes of this research will be helpful in finding further aspects of nightmare on these variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women are one of the most prevalent infections occurring at various stages of life. UTI represents one of the most common, challenging and widely misunderstood infectious diseases among women as outpatient and nosocomial infections leading to morbidity. Aim: The objective of our study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of urinary tract infection among Pakistani diabetic females and create awareness regarding its preventive measures. Study type, settings & duration: This observational study was carried out at South East Hospital and Research Center, Islamabad over a period of six month from February to August 2022. Methodology: The non probability convenient sampling method technique was used. Data was collected through pre-structured proforma and entered in SPSS version 25.0. Questionnaire written in English and local language was handed over to each diabetic patient. All the responses were collected and the same was entered in the software for analysis. Results: The mean age of patients was 52 years, Weight 70kg, mean duration of diabetes 8 years and random blood glucose level was 268.63 mg/dL. Total of 36.3% diabetic females had knowledge that they are at increased risk of developing UTI. Only 24.7% knew that interrupted urinary stream can be a symptom of UTI, 27.9% knew about fever and 12.4% knew about abdominal pain. Only 7.1% diabetic females knew that incontinence of urine can be its symptom. Almost 60% of the patients knew about the importance of timely treatment of UTI. Conclusion: Urinary tract infection is a common infection among diabetic females in Pakistan. Our study concluded that most of the educated women had adequate knowledge regarding UTI and they also had a positive attitude towards the symptoms and management of UTI. We need to design awareness programs for uneducated females regarding UTI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the outcomes of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting having reduced ejection fraction. Study Design: Retrospective Observational study. Setting: Peshawar Institute of Cardiology. Period: August 2021 to May 2022. Material & Methods: We included a number of (n=120) patients who were undergone for CABG with mild to severe left ventricular dysfunction. Data was extracted from electronic medical record (EMR) and entered in SPSS version 25.00. Ethical approval was taken from hospital ethical review board committee. Results: Mean age of patients were (57.40±9.311), mean cross clamp time (71.88±26.765) mean bypass time (109.77±43.763), mean hospital stay (4.63±.879) and mean ICU stays (41.60±16.385). 46.7% patients were in CCS III, 41.7% CCS II and 6.7% in CCS IV. In NYHA class 43% were with NYHA II & III and 6.7% with NYHA IV. 21.7% patients were with mild LV dysfunction, 43.3% with moderate and 35% severe LV dysfunction. Association of left ventricular dysfunction towards post-operative outcomes and clinical history has significant association at p <0.05. Conclusion: Coronary artery bypasses grafting extensively used for the treatment of patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Although medical management are also widely use and acceptable for moderate to severe LV dysfunction. Our study suggested that left ventricular dysfunction are strongly associated with post-operative out comes and clinical presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) refers to the employment of the Internet of Things in industrial management, where a substantial number of machines and devices are linked and synchronized with the help of software programs and third platforms to improve the overall productivity. The acquisition of the industrial IoT provides benefits that range from automation and optimization to eliminating manual processes and improving overall efficiencies, but security remains to be forethought. The absence of reliable security mechanisms and the magnitude of security features are significant obstacles to enhancing IIoT security. Over the last few years, alarming attacks have been witnessed utilizing the vulnerabilities of the IIoT network devices. Moreover, the attackers can also sink deep into the network by using the relationships amidst the vulnerabilities. Such network security threats cause industries and businesses to suffer financial losses, reputational damage, and theft of important information. This paper proposes an SDN-based framework using machine learning techniques for intrusion detection in an industrial IoT environment. SDN is an approach that enables the network to be centrally and intelligently controlled through software applications. In our framework, the SDN controller employs a machine-learning algorithm to monitor the behavior of industrial IoT devices and networks by analyzing traffic flow data and ultimately determining the flow rules for SDN switches. We use SVM and Decision Tree classification models to analyze our framework's network intrusion and attack detection performance. The results indicate that the proposed framework can detect attacks in industrial IoT networks and devices with an accuracy of 99.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the occurrence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction among hypertensive patients on echocardiography. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: South East Hospital and Research Center, Islamabad. Period: August 2021 to January 2022. Material & Methods: By using non probability convenient sampling method technique through pre-structured Performa. We enrolled a two hundred (n=200) patients in our study. Ethical consideration was taken from hospital ethical review board committee. Result: Thirty Six percent respondents were at the age of < 60 years and 64% were at the of > 60 years. Detection of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction shows, 44% had grade I, 40% grade II and 16% grade III. Association of variables towards detection of diastolic dysfunction, Systolic BP, duration of hypertension, EF%, Left ventricular hypertrophy and co-morbidities shows good association towards the detection of diastolic dysfunction at (p-value≤0.01). Conclusion: It is concluded that, Diastolic dysfunction is most common left ventricular functional abnormality in hypertensive patients. Doppler echocardiography is the most important investigational method for the detection of LV diastolic dysfunction. Not only more than 60 years old patients detect left ventricular diastolic dysfunction but less than 60 years old can also develop diastolic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the effect of Remedisvir, its safety Profile, and efficacy among COVID-19 patients. Study Design: Retrospective Observational study. Setting: South East Hospital and Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan. Period: December 2020 to July 2021. Material & Methods: 100 patients were included in this study who received Remedisvir infusion, day 5, 7, and 10 after admitting the hospital with COVID-19 symptoms. We infuse 200mg I/V Remedisvir in 100cc N/S followed by 100mg I/V daily into 100cc N/S. After infusion, all patients were monitored strictly. Results: The mean age of the patients was (51. 89±15.441). The outcome of Remedisvir showed that 14% improved their condition, 42% discharged with oxygen, 27% discharged without oxygen, and only 17% expired). Remedisvir showed a positive effect at (p≤0.001) among laboratory values and oxygen support category. Conclusion: When patient suffering from COVID-19 symptoms and low oxygen saturation show good clinical outcome treated with Remedisvir. According to the results of our study, it is concluded that, at present Remedisvir remains a good drug, it shows a positive effect on oxygen saturation and length of hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Caesarean section rate is increasing throughout the world, which increases the risk of complications in subsequent pregnancy with increased maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. There is risk of uterine rupture in subsequent pregnancy with trial of labour after caesarean section (TOLAC). Therefore, accurate prediction of uterine rupture can be of significant value during the management of subsequent pregnancies after previous caesarean delivery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of prenatal transabdominal sonography in determining the lower uterine segment thickness in women with previous caesarean section, to document relevant risk factors in the obstetric history of subjects predisposing to uterine scar rupture and to define a cut-off value of uterine thickness for prediction of uterine rupture. Methods: This cross-sectional validation study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from May to October 2017.Transabdominal ultrasound was carried out in all patients before labour for the measurement of uterine scar thickness. Patients were followed till caesarean section and intraoperative findings were recorded. Results: A total of 117 patients were enrolled. Out of these 33% had thin or dehiscence/rupture scar. At the cut-off value of ≤5 mm the sensitivity was 76.9%, specificity 48.7% and accuracy was 58.12%. No significant association was found between clinical features and scar dehiscence/rupture. Conclusion: No definite USG cut-off limit could be established to provide guidance regarding the clinical decision of opting for VBAC or repeat caesarean/section; scar thicknesses ≤5.0 mm should be judged cautiously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]