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Present study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two Unani compound drugs namely Majun-e-Suranjan and Habb-e-Azraqi in cases of gout on modern scientific parameters viz., clinical, biochemical and haematological. This work was conducted at Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine (RRIUM), Aligarh, during 2014-2019. 71 people were chosen from the pool of patients visiting the outpatient department (OPD). Patients received the Unani medicines Majun-e-Suranjan in a dose of 5.0 g and Habb-e-Azraqi in a dose of 1 pill (250 mg) twice daily after meals for a period of 56-days. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for the analysis of data, and the statistical significance of the findings was determined by Dennett's test. The study reveals that the two Unani medicines are safe, non-toxic, and significantly relieve the symptoms of gouty arthritis. It is suggested to conduct more research among a large population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global health menace with significant morbidity and mortality besides huge socioeconomic implications. Despite the approval of few vaccines for the prevention of the disease, the discovery of safe and effective countermeasures especially from natural sources is of paramount importance, as the number of cases continues escalating. Arq Ajīb has long been used for various diseases and its ingredients have been reported for antiviral, antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of phytocompound of Arq Ajīb on potential drug targets of SARS-CoV-2. The structures of phytocompounds present in Arq Ajīb were retrieved from PubChem database and some were illustrated using Marvin Sketch. SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein (PDB ID: 6LZG) and 3CLpro (PDB ID: 7BQY) were selected as the target protein. Dock Prep module in UCSF Chimera software was used for receptor structure processing. AutoDock Vina was used to calculate the binding affinities between the protein and ligands and to predict most promising compounds with best scores. Molecular docking results predicted that the phytocompounds of Arq Ajīb had good binding affinity and interaction with S glycoprotein and 3CLpro. Quercetin and Isorhoifolin from Mentha arvensis were identified as promising candidates with the potential to interact with 3CLpro and spike glycoprotein and inhibit the viral replication and its entry into the host. Arq Ajīb may prove valuable for developing novel therapeutic candidate for COVID-19; however, it has to be substantiated further with in-vitro and in-vivo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension is predominant condition throughout the world. In Unani (Greek Medicine) hypertension is associated with the Damwi (Sanguine) Temperament. Oxidative stress is implicated in pathogenesis of the hypertension. Hence, GSTT1, GSTM1 and eNOS gene polymorphisms and antioxidant activity were examined in Hypertensive patients’ and healthy controls with Damwi temperament. The eNOS genotyping was done by PCR and RFLP method whereas GST-M1 and GST-T1 genotyping were analyzed by multiplex PCR. In serum samples oxidants and antioxidants were measured by ELISA in 200 Sanguine subjects. The GT genotype of eNOS, GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequency was found to be high in hypertensive patients (21%,36%,28%) compared to control samples GT (13%, 10%, 04%), respectively. GR, GST and MDA are significantly in correlation with each other. The results of the study indicate reduced antioxidant activity and increased oxidative stress in hypertensive patients with significantly high GSTM1, GSTT1 null genotypes and serum glutathione transferase. Therefore, balancing of antioxidants could be useful in the management of essential hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to discuss the impact of air quality on human health, measures to achieve the goal of good indoor air quality and proposed benefits of interventions of Unani Medicine with an evidence-based approach. The significance of air quality on the health of the community cannot be denied. Recent evidences from WHO illustrated data on severe air pollutants and their impacts on human health ranges from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory ailments including lung carcinoma and heart disease associated with premature mortality and reduced life expectancy. In Unani Medicine, air has been included in the list of factors, which are six in number and play the central role in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Air is considered as the medium of most of the extrinsic factors such as chemical and biological pollutants affecting health and their exposure results in short and long-term health issues. The literature of Unani Medicine proposes many simple and effective measures, which help to improve indoor and outdoor air quality. The goal of outdoor clean air is achieved through implementation of measures to tackle the source of pollution, while indoor clean air is attained through various means e.g., fumigation with herbal drugs. Hence, an extensive literature survey on Unani reserve was conducted to collect information about the concept of air discussed under the heading of six essential factors and its implication in prevention of diseases and maintenance of health. Further, research databases such as Pub Med, Google Scholar, and Science-Direct were broadly searched for evidence on the efficacy of herbals mentioned in Unani literature for the indoor air purification and subsequent air quality improvement. Recent studies showed good air quality leads to decrease in mortality, particularly of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths whereas poor air quality results in a variety of diseases. Unani scholars prescribed several regimens such as Bukhoor (Fumigation), Sa'oot (Nasal instillation) and use of Abeer (Perfumes) and Nadd (Incense) for the improvement of air quality. Likewise various herbal fumigants and sprays containing drugs like mī'a sā'ila (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.), mastagi (Pistacia lentiscus L.), mushk (Moschus moschiferus L.), loban (Styrax benzoides W. G. Craib), ābnoos (Diospyros ebenum J. Koenig ex Retz), zā'fran (Crocus sativus L.) and sirka (vinegar) etc. has been well explained and used exclusively for air purification and improvement of AQI. Therefore, in the present scenario of altered air quality, we forward certain measures described in Unani system of medicine for health promotion and protection. Scientific evidence on several drugs reveal the presence of a number of pharmacologically active substances, which may provide a new approach into the purification of air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of detergent-action drugs in traditional Unani therapeutic intervention has been a long-standing Unani medicinal practice. The key aim of the article is to provide thorough information on the novel, unexplored idea of Unani Jali (detergent/cleansers) drugs for the treatment of skin ailments, as well as to identify medicinal plants that have detergent action and correlate these findings with scientific studies that may support evidence for the drug's detergent effect. The ethnobotanical classical literature of Unani medicine was investigated in order to have a comprehensive insight of Unani detergents/cleansers. Scientific studies were carried from databases including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and google Scholar, among others. More than fifty exclusive plant, mineral, and animal-based detergents are found specifically for skin disorders in Unani therapy. These drugs basically evacuate impurities from the body's excretory system and and have been found to have keratolytic and debris-peeling effects, as well as the ability to maintain skin tone consistency. Unani Jali drugs have also been found to have anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, analgesic, and tonic properties, suggesting its usefulness holistically. Based on phyto constituents, prospective therapeutic response, and scientific data, this review proposes that Unani Jali drugs could be a safe and promising therapeutic option for dermatological illnesses such as vitiligo, acne, dermatitis, psoriasis, and skin sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver plays a major role in metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics. Liver dysfunction is a major health problem that challenges health care professionals, pharmaceutical industry and drug regulatory agencies. The most common symptoms are fatigue and discomfort in abdomen while in patients who are obese with BMI > 25, about one third have metabolic syndromes. The present clinical research was conducted in Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Aligarh. The patients under trial were selected from GOPD of institute for obesity and it was observed that out of total registered patients' approx 28% have elevated liver enzymes from its normal range without any sign and symptom of hepatitis etc. Total 23 patients were selected from the study whose liver enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP) were high at the baseline. Unani pharmacopoeial drug Jawārish bisbāsā 7 g daily was prescribed with lukewarm water in the morning and evening empty stomach for 8 weeks. At the end of study the result were compared with base line. It was observed that Jawārish bisbāsā significantly reduced the liver enzymes, e.g. SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline Phosphatase in comparison to baseline values. It may be concluded that Jawārish bisbāsā showed hepatoprotective effect in this clinical study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tristeza disease is caused by citrus tristeza virus (CTV) expresses salient symptoms like stem pitting, yellowing of leaves, stunted growth of large, small lateral branches and twigs. The study was carried out to quantify the spatial and temporal distribution of CTV disease in major citrus growing areas of Sargodha district (Sargodha, Kot Momin, and Bhalwal). The samples from the declined orchards were collected based on symptomology and confirmed through ELISA. CTV was detected in 3 varieties viz., Kinnow (Citrus reticulate), Mosambi (Citrus sinensis) and Feutrell's early (Citrus reticulate cv feutrell's early). The maximum disease incidence was recorded in Mosambi (90%), followed by Feutral's early (74%) and Kinnow (57%). Mosambi was the most susceptible within the range of OD values (0.82-2.35) followed by Feutrell's early (0.45-0.64) and Kinnow (0.25-0.56). The disease severity was recorded only on Mosambi as it was more affected than Feutral's early and Kinnow. The rating scale to observe the severity of tristeza disease was based on percentage of pits in the 1 sq. inch piece of bark at bud union of infected tree. This rating scale has been developed for the first time to record the tristeza disease severity. The maximum disease severity was recorded in Kot Momin (62%) followed by Bhalwal (56%) and Sargodha (50%). The study concluded that CTV is one of the most promising factors playing role in the citrus decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the prominent causes for disability and lowered quality of life worldwide in elderly population. It has fostered immense burden to AD patients, families and society. Burgeoning progress in the field of pathogenesis over last two decades has persuaded the investigation of novel pharmacological therapeutics that focuses towards the pathophysiological events of AD. Miscellaneous clinical trials, development and testing of interventions aimed at various targets, such as anti‐tau and anti‐amyloid interventions, neurotransmitter modification, neuroprotection and anti‐neuroinflammation interventions, cognitive enhancement and interventions to palliate behavioural symptoms have been carried out. Despite massive efforts to find disease‐modifying therapies, there lingers a vital need for continuing the advancement in progress of the AD research. This review features the new developments of small molecule compounds that will be beneficial in evolution of new AD therapies. In particular, this review briefly describes summary of mechanistic causes chiefly associated with AD and focuses on medicinal approach via small molecule inhibitors that can manage cognitive impairment and dysfunction and may combat Alzheimer's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Regardless of amazing advancements in contemporary science & technology, it is not possible to provide everyone access to high-quality healthcare. Traditional medicine, in particular Ayurveda and Unani medicine, is regarded as a major global provider of healthcare. This manuscript is aimed to provide the promulgation of Unani Medicine in contemporary healthcare system. Methods: A in-depth literature analysis was successfully carried out from year 2006 to 2021 to collate the information on the advancement, growth and development of the Unani System of Medicine (USM). The search strategy was performed with recent surveys, articles and the numerous initiatives undertaken by the Ministry of AYUSH, Centre council in research in unani medicine (CCRUM) & other institutions on Unani education and research. Additionally, the updated market analysis (2020-2022) comprises import, export and trade data on Unani medicines is also described. From what we know, this review is the first of a kind to describe the domestic and global perspective of Unani medicine with and its global development. Results: The multi-disciplinary, multi-centric research initiatives of the Ministry of AYUSH have resulted in an increase in medical facilities and education in the Unani System of Medicine. With 1748 Unani dispensaries and 3947 beds in Unani hospitals, the number of these facilities has grown at a 2.4% annual pace between 2011 and 2021. Conclusion: There is tremendous growth in Unani as well as in herbal industry. Unani Medicines have shown their potential and need for better drugs and remedies against various diseases. The knowledge on import and export and the information on research and education enable to work more in this domain. These initiatives favour the World Health Organisation advocating Unani medicine as a better alternative system against various diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study aimed to establish the effectiveness of Unani add-on regimen by comparing theduration required for change in disease status from COVID-19 positive asymptomatic / mildto moderate symptomatic patients to asymptomatic negative. Methods: This single-centric, randomized, twin arm, controlled, clinical trial was carried out on a totalnumber of 62 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients. The Intervention group (IG) receivedUnani Regimen (Khameera Marwareed and Unani Joshanda) in addition to the conventional management, while the Control group (CG) received only conventional management. Results: It was observed that 16 (51.6%) patients in Intervention Group and 3 (9.4%) patients incontrol group became negative for COVID-19 at day 7 and remaining 13 out of 15 (93.5%) patients in Intervention Group and 20 out of 28 (74.1%) patients in control group becamenegative for COVID-19 at day 14. This effect of the Unani Regimen in comparison to thecontrol group was statistically significant (p =0.003). Conclusions: It can be concluded that the change of COVID-19 positive asymptomatic / mild to moderate symptomatic patients to RT-PCR negative was much earlier in the add-on Unani regimen group as compared to control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]