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Central air conditioning systems are employed to regulate air quality to an ideal level. Nevertheless, these systems can consume a significant quantity of energy when tasked with conditioning a sizable area. The aim of this project was to manage the ambient air temperature in the vicinity of a plantation area, and a cooling serpentine copper pipe heat exchanger was established. Furthermore, an analysis of heat transfer and the local air temperature distribution in the surrounding area was carried out. Results indicated that the cooling serpentine heat exchanger effectively lowered indoor local air temperatures below those of ambient air. The local air temperature was notably influenced by the inlet water temperature when the volume flow rate remained constant. The local air temperatures experienced a decrease ranging from 5 °C to 9 °C. Additionally, it is evident that both volume and temperature of water flowing through the system had significant impacts on heat flux, condensation, and convection heat transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SMEs in Thailand use simple paper-based logbooks to record operating data of their equipment and processes such as pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate. However, this data collection method does not help the SMEs in identifying the problems in their day-to-day operations. This study presents examples of installing IoT metering devices in 21 SMEs in Thailand. The digital transformation helps to identify 34 potential energy saving measures. It was estimated that potential energy savings of 3,817 toe (tons of oil equivalent) per year, equal to ∼1,035,091 USD per year could be achieved. However, there are concerns about job security, data privacy and data security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]