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2. Global 30-Day Morbidity and Mortality of Primary Bariatric Surgery Combined with Another Procedure: The BLEND Study

Author

Martinino, Alessandro, Nanayakkara, Kushan D. L., Madhok, Brij, Wong, Geoffrey Yuet Mun, Abouelazayem, Mohamed, Pereira, Juan Pablo Scarano, Wazir, Ishaan, Balasubaramaniam, Vignesh, Said, Amira, Marques, Cláudia, Abdelbaeth, Amr, Al-Shami, Khayry, Albashari, Muna, Alkaseek, Akram, Almayouf, Mohammad Abdullah, Aloulou, Mohammad, Alqahtan, Awadh Robaan, Askari, Alan, Attia, Meena Faiez Assad, Awad, Ahmed K., Aykota, Muhammed Rasid, Bacalbasa, Nicolae, Barrera-Rodriguez, Francisco J., Benavoli, Domenico, Billa, Srikar, Borrelli, Vincenzo, Çalıkoğlu, İsmail, Campanelli, Michela, Carbajo, Miguel A., Chowdhury, Sharfuddin, Cristin, Luca, Dapri, Giovanni, Dong, Zhiyong, Elfawal, Mohamad Hayssam, Elgazar, Amr, Elhadi, Muhammed, Gentileschi, Paolo, Graham, Yitka, Haj, Bassel, Johnson, Joseph Andrew, Kalmoush, Abd-Elfattah Morsi, Kamal, Ayman, Kamocka, Anna, Khamees, Almu’atasim, Lisi, Giorgio, Hernandez, Edgard Efren Lozada, Marinari, Giuseppe M., Martines, Gennaro, Meric, Serhat, Mier, Fernando, Ali, Ahmed Mohamed, Mohammed, Diyaaldeen, Mohamed, Karim Mostafa, Mulita, Francesk, Musella, Mario, O’Malley, William Edward, Olmi, Stefano, Omarov, Taryel, Osama, Omnya, Perera, HMinali R., Piscitelli, Giovanni, Poghosyan, Tigran, Ramírez, David, Rezvani, Masoud, Ribeiro, Rui, Sabbota, Aaron, Sakran, Nasser, Sawaftah, Khaled Ahmad, Schiavone, Kaci, Şen, Ozan, Sotiropoulou, Maria, Tartaglia, Nicola, Tokocin, Merve, Trotta, Manuela, Türkçapar, Ahmet Gökhan, Uccelli, Matteo, Vargas, Cesar, Verras, Georgios -Ioannis, Wang, Cunchuan, Wei, Zhuoqi, Yang, Wah, Zerrweck, Carlos, Owen, Eloise, Gkoutos, Georgios V., Cardoso, Victor Roth, Singhal, Rishi, and Mahawar, Kamal

Published
2024
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4. Global 30-day morbidity and mortality of surgery for perforated peptic ulcer: GRACE study

Author

Abouelazayem, Mohamed, Jain, Rajesh, Wilson, Michael S. J., Martinino, Alessandro, Balasubaramaniam, Vignesh, Biffl, Walter, Coccolini, Federico, Riera, Manel, Wadhawan, Himanshu, Wazir, Ishaan, Abderaouf, Bettahar, Abramov, Daniil, Abu Jayyab, Mustafa A., Al-Shami, Khayry, Alfarwan, Ahmad, Alhajami, Faris M., Alkaseek, Akram, Alozairi, Ous, Ammar, Ahmed Siddique, Atar, Burak, Baatarjav, Gan-Erdene, Bains, Lovenish, Bakri, Ashraf, Bayramov, Nuru, Bhojwani, Rajesh, Brachini, Gioia, Calini, Giacomo, Campanelli, Michela, Cheng, Shi Yu, Choudhary, Charan Singh, Chowdhury, Sharfuddin, Colak, Elif, Das, Jayanta Kumar, Dawani, Surrendar, Dönmez, Turgut, Elzayat, Ibrahim, Erdene, Sarnai, Faizi, Tashaba Qaiser, Frountzas, Maximos, Gafsi, Besma, Gentileschi, Paolo, Guler, Mert, Gupta, Gaurav, Harkati, Nour Elhouda, Harris, Matthew, Hasan, Doaa M., Irowa, Omorodion Omoruyi, Jafferi, Salman, Jain, Sumita Agarwal, Jun Han, Lai, Kandiboyina, Satyanarayana Murthy, Karabulut, Mehmetu, Khamees, Almu’atasim, Khan, Shahzeb, Khan, Madiha Masood, Khaw, Cheng Jing, Kisielewski, Michal, Klib, Mohamad, Košir, Jurij A., Krawczyk, Wiktor Jan, Lisi, Giorgio, Makama, Jerry Godfrey, Maqbool, Baila, Marques, Cláudia Neves, Meric, Serhat, Mietła, Mateusz Przemysław, Ads, Alaa Mohamed, Muhumuza, Joshua, Mulita, Francesk, Mustafayeva, Matanat, Omar, Mohammed A., Omarov, Taryel, Pathak, Akshant Anil, Paul, Ratnadeep, Pavone, Giovanna, Podda, Mauro, Raja Ram, Novinth Kumar, Rauf, Fatima, Rauf, Sidra, Safy, Ahmed Mohamed, Sandag, Erdene, Şanlı, Ahmet Necati, Siddiqui, Adeela Z., Sotiropoulou, Maria, Talib, Vikash, Tatar, Cihad, Thota, Anuroop, Tokocin, Merve, Tolat, Aditya, Uchikov, Petar Angelov, Valenzuela, José I., Venkatappa, Sunil Kumar, Verras, Georgios-Ioannis, Vlahović, Ivan, Zreeg, Dafer Abdulhakim S., Cardoso, Victor Roth, Gkoutos, Georgios V., Singhal, Rishi, and Mahawar, Kamal

Published
2024
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11. The effectiveness of simulation-based education on nurses’ performance in pediatric basic life support: An interventional study

Author

Karrar Muhaisen and Khamees Obaid

Subjects
effectiveness, simulation-based education, nurses, pediatrics, basic life support, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract

Background: Mastering basic life support (BLS) algorithms is essential for effectively responding to emergencies and saving lives. However, research indicates that learners often retain BLS skills poorly, even immediately after completing educational courses. These deficiencies are attributed to the quantity and type of training received. Additionally, studies present inconsistent findings regarding the effectiveness of simulation-based BLS training.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of simulation-based education on nurses’ performance in Pediatric Basic Life Support (PBLS).Methods: An interventional pretest-posttest study was conducted with 50 nurses from pediatric wards in two general hospitals in Al-Najaf City, Iraq, from September 16, 2023, to January 20, 2024. A convenience sample of 50 nurses was randomly assigned to two groups of 25, designated as the intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in a simulation-based educational program, while the control group received no intervention. Both groups' PBLS skills were assessed before the intervention and one month after its conclusion. Data were collected using a socio-demographic information sheet and a PBLS skills assessment checklist. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t- test, independent t-test, Fisher’s exact test, chi-square tests, and ANOVA with SPSS software.Results: At baseline, only 16% of nurses in the intervention group demonstrated proficient BLS skills. By the end of the study, this figure increased to 80% in the same group. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the performance of the control group. A significant difference (P0.05).Conclusion: The simulation-based training program significantly improved nurses' PBLS skills, equipping them to effectively resuscitate children experiencing cardiac arrest. It is recommended that simulation be utilized as an active approach to enhance nurses' PBLS competencies.

Published
2024
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15. Optimal Distributed Voltage Control via Primal Dual Gradient Dynamics

Author

Khamees, Mohammed N., Liu, Yang, and Sun, Kai

Subjects
Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

The rapidly increasing penetration of inverter-based resources into a power transmission network requires more sophisticated voltage control strategies considering their inherent output variabilities. In addition, faults and load variations affect the voltage profile over the power network. This paper proposes a Primal Dual Gradient Dynamics based optimal distributed voltage control approach that optimizes outputs of distributed reactive power sources to maintain an acceptable voltage profile while preserving operational limits. Case studies of this new approach on IEEE test systems have verified its effectiveness.

Published
2023

16. Towards a More Resilient Healthcare Sector in Post-COVID-19 Pandemic in Jordan

Author

Omar Mowafi, Melina Al-Hasan, Basheer A. Khamees, Rima AL Hasan, Zu'bi M.F. Al-Zu'bi, and Barween Al Kurdi

Subjects
COVID-19 Pandemic, Governance, Health Care Sector, Jordan, Communication, Management. Industrial management, HD28-70, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

This study explores the desirable conditions for the Health Sector Governance in post-COVID-19 pandemic Jordan. A primary qualitative approach was used with semi-structured interviews carried out with eighteen public sector doctors and hospital managers in Jordan. The results of the study indicate that there is a need for the health care sector of Jordan to be improved through governance change. Moreover, there is a need for rapid communication between stakeholders, fast financial decision-making processes, establishment of pandemic-specific emergency rooms, more coordination between public and private health sectors, a national health care database, and a system for emergency classification in hospitals. This would help in ensuring that immediate measures are taken which are focused on the providing immediate care to patients.

Published
2024
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19. The Association between Free Radicals and the Ovarian Functions: A Review

Author

Sabea Khamees Abed, Husam Hadi Jasim, Mohammed Ali Shahooth, and Mustafa A. Saud

Subjects
Agriculture, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Metabolites of oxygen are called reactive oxygen species (ROS). They are constantly synthesized by healthy cells are a consequence of aerobic respiration and are necessary for proper cellular function. These species (ROS) cause oxidative stress as a result of generation exceeding the capabilities of the antioxidant system to neutralize it. It is a bifurcating factor in controlling the reproductive system of females, as it can influence various physiological activities or contribute to infertility in females. The current review notes that several ovarian function processes, including reactive oxygen species, have a major impact on follicular formation, ovulation, and corpus luteum function. Scavenging mechanisms also occur. However, the review concentrates on the detrimental impact that elevated ROS production has on the female reproductive system. This review concludes that free radicals play a variety of roles in ovarian function and that excess has negative effects on the female reproductive system.

Published
2024
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20. Predicting Reservoir or Non-Reservoir Formations by Calculating Permeability and Porosity in an Iraqi Oil Field

Author

Luay Ahmed Khamees, Farah Nabeel Abdulrazzaq, and Jasim Humadi

Subjects
effective porosity, identifying reservoir formations, permeability, southern iraq, yamama formation, Polymers and polymer manufacture, TP1080-1185, Chemical engineering, TP155-156
Abstract

This study is focused on identifying the formations, whether are they reservoir formations or not. The effective porosity and permeability evaluating of the oil reservoir is the most important methods to recognize the formations. In this study, the effective porosity and permeability of the Yamama formation in an oil field of southern Iraq can be calculated by applying, the neutron-density and the sonic logs. The calculated effective porosity of the formation ranged between (6% - 17%), and the porosity in the joints was less than (0.04). The permeability in Yamama Formation calculated by three methods: Timur, Morris Biggs oil, and Schlumberger methods. By comparing the values of the permeability calculated by these methods, it was found that the methods of Timor and Schlumberger gave the same results, and also when the permeability calculated by these methods compared with the permeability of the cores, the method of Timur and Schlumberger closer than the results of the cores. So, the Schlumberger and Timor method is the one used in calculating the permeability. The permeability values for most of Yamama formation range from: 0.1 -10 md, and the permeability in the joints was less than 0.001 md.

Published
2024
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21. Implementing Cyclical Learning Rates in Deep Learning Models for Data Classification

Author

Al-Khamees, Hussein A. A., Manaa, Mehdi Ebady, Obaid, Zahraa Hazim, Mohammedali, Noor Abdalkarem, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Rasheed, Jawad, editor, Abu-Mahfouz, Adnan M., editor, and Fahim, Muhammad, editor

Published
2024
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25. VOXEL Video Streaming Over Wireless Networks

Author

Estabraq Makiyah and Nassr N. Khamees

Subjects
Streaming, Point cloud, volumetric video, compression, web service, http/2, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

High-density point clouds expressing attractive 3D images are attracting attention. These gigantic media require large bandwidth allocations, making them problematic to stream to resource-constrained hand-held devices. This paper proposes a method for point cloud compression and streaming of large point clouds using a web server. Storing large point cloud videos on a web server allows users to publish data sets without using additional applications or sending large amounts of data ahead of time. HTTP/2 improves transfer efficiency by compressing headers into binary format and reduces latency by sending many multiplexed requests using a single TCP session. The large size of the point cloud data and the current limitations of wireless channels demand point cloud compression methods. MATLAB is used for the purpose of analysis, at results show an average compression ratio of 30:1. Our proposed system achieves lower average latency between successive frames resulting in an increased frame rate to 72.46 fps when streaming 4M points, and 82.51 fps in the case of streaming 800K points compared to much lower rates in conventional work.

Published
2024
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26. Influence of B, Si, Ge, and As impurities on the electronic properties of graphene quantum dot: A density functional theory study

Author

Salam K. Khamees, Fouad N. Ajeel, Kareem H. Mohsin, and Mohammed N. Mutier

Subjects
Graphene quantum dots, Metalloid impurities, DFT, Electronic properties, B3LYP, Technology
Abstract

The electronic features of chemically functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The fabrication of nanoscale devices needs to enhance- the electronic performance of customized GQDs, which is crucial in many applications. GQDs can be used as a model with the molecule C24H12. We investigated the effects of adding metalloid impurities) boron B, silicon Si, germanium Ge, and arsenic As) on the structure and electronic properties of the dots at the B3LYP/6–31 level using the Gaussian 09 program package. The obtained results show efficient adding impurities B, Si, Ge, and As on the structure and electronic properties of GQDs, where it is noted that the energy gap change with -3.085, -12.340, -13.907, and -66.846 %, respectively.These results not only advance our knowledge of the mechanisms behind chemical doping, which may change the electronic features of quantum dots, but they also provide support for the development of nanodevices that have better electronic performance. As observed with As/GQD, it is anticipated that this system, which has the lowest possible chemical hardness values, will function as an effective corrosion inhibitor.

Published
2024
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27. Experimental Study of Punching Shear on Reinforced Concrete Waffle Slabs Strengthened by CFRP Sheets

Author

Ridha S. Khamees and Mohammed S. Abd Ali

Subjects
Waffle slab, CFRP Sheets, Reinforced concrete, Punching shear, Retrofitting, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

For the last five decades, researchers have been studying the punching shear of two-way reinforced slabs at column supports in structural testing laboratories. Limited tests are available on retrofitted waffle slab punching behavior. These are necessary since they establish a baseline against which punching shear design provisions can be created, calibrated, and evaluated. This work presents an experimental approach to investigate the punching shear of reinforced concrete waffle slabs strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) sheets. Retrofitted waffle slabs were tested under concentric monotonic loading. A series of tests on construction materials were also conducted. The testing program was divided into two categories (IWS1 and IWS2), with a total of ten specimens: solid sections (275 × 275) and (515 × 515) mm, respectively. The IWS1 category consisted of eight slabs; one slab was without strengthening as a reference slab, and the remaining slabs were strengthened. While IWS2 consisted of only two slabs. However, the waffle slabs’ observed punching failure mechanism was like flat slabs. All waffle slabs were punctured in a sudden position. Research showed that the CFRP retrofitting process enhanced the ultimate punching shear performance by 47.1% and the initial cracking load by 67.02%, respectively. When the solid size regions were increased, the ultimate punching load increased by 41.5 %, and the initial cracking load increased by 40.8%, respectively. Significant enhancements were documented in the proposed retrofitting mechanism.

Published
2024
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28. Automatic Temperature Control System Using African vultures optimization algorithm

Author

Muntadher Khamees, Mostafa Abdulghafoor Mohammed, and Dina Hassan Abbas

Subjects
Temperature Control, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

One of the most important tasks in control engineering is tuning a PID controller for maximum efficiency. However, without a great deal of practice, manual adjustment of PID settings might result in erroneous results. Using met heuristic algorithms is one method for tweaking the PID controller. These algorithms, which are inspired by the laws of nature, can effectively find the sweet spot for the PID settings. Therefore, instead of manually tweaking the PID controller, using met heuristic methods can greatly enhance the system's performance while decreasing the related expenses. A reliable temperature control system is crucial to the production of a wide variety of industrial goods. The fact that it uses less energy than rivals makes it a hot commodity. The console is the most effective way to monitor this procedure. The air conditioning in the room is managed by a whole new model built on metaheuristic algorithms. The temperature regulation is processed using a PID controller based on the AVOA algorithm. Overshot, settling, and rising times have all been shortened. along with other methods from the literature, such the Ziegler-Nichols and PSO Optimizer algorithm. Efficiency was evaluated in terms of percent overrun, reaction time, settling time, and steady state error. Integral Time Squared Error (ITSE), Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE), Integral Absolute Error (IAE), and Integral Squared Error (ISE) are used to compare the empirical data.

Published
2024
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33. Stroke in critically ill patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19: Disparities between low-middle and high-income countries

Author

Al-Dabbous, Tala, Alfoudri, Huda, Shamsah, Mohammed, Alfroukh, Khadeejeh, Bairmani, Zinah Aqeel Abdulzahra, Khalid, Khalid Jehad, Abukhalaf, Salsabeel M.A., Hadhoud, Mohammed Maher, Abdrabo, Mohamed Fouad, Fathi, Mohamed, Alhouri, Hasan, Shahla, Dr Hamza, Alhadad, Qamrah, Hanan, Matly, Elapavaluru, Subbarao, Berg, Ashley, Horn, Christina, Abdelhalim, Ahmed Reda Mohamed Elsayed, Amer, Amro Essam, Elnaggar, Cinderella Omar Rageh, Hassan, Ahmed Ayman, Abdelaziz, Ali, Abdelhalim, Mohamed, Orabi, Yehia Samir Shaaban Aly, Alaraji, Zinah A., Muhaisen, Mo'nes R., Almasri, Lana, Mustafa, Dana, Hamdan, Shaher, Al-Saba'a, Yousef, Dalloul, Zaina, Alkahlout, Mohammed, Jaber, Hamza, Aldabbourosama, Osama, Abdalhadi, Alaa Abdalfattah, Hussein, Aliae AR Mohamed, Emad, Zarief Kamel, Khaled, Sarah, Mohamed, Nouralsabah, Hassanin, Ebtisam, Hamdi, Abdelhafeez, Gamal, May, Emad, Ahmed, Ragab, Abdelrahman, Azizeldin, Mohammed G, Hamza, Almthani, Omer, Alsarrah Ali Mohammed, Fadl alla, Asgad Osman Abdalla, Abdallahrs, Asia Atif Abdelrahman, Eltayeb, Aml Ahmed, Alhasan, Maali khalid mohamed abdalla, Abdelgaum, Esraa Hassan, Ahmed, Aya Mustafa, Abdulbaqi, Lamees Adil, Mohammedelhassan, Omer Abdullah, Ahmed, Musaab Mohammed Mohammed, Ali, Maha TagElser Mohammed, Mayasi, Yunis, Schroll, Stephan, Meyer, Dan, Velazco, Jorge, Ploskanych, Ludmyla, Fikes, Wanda, Bagewadi, Rohini, Dao, Marvin, White, Haley, Laviena, Alondra Berrios, Ehlers, Ashley, Shalabi-McGuire, Maysoon, Witt, Trent, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Lorini, Luca, Grandin, E. Wilson, Nunez, Jose, Reyes, Tiago, O'Briain, Diarmuid, Hunter, Stephanie, Ramanan, Mahesh, Affleck, Julia, Veerendra, Hemanth Hurkadli, Rai, Sumeet, Russell-Brown, Josie, Nourse, Mary, Joseph, Mark, Mitchell, Brook, Tenzer, Martha, Abe, Ryuzo, Cho, Hwa Jin, Jeong, In Seok, Rahman, Nadeem, Kakar, Vivek, Tamimi, Ahmed, Zabalawi, Diala, Elhennawi, Mohamed, Ghisulal, Praveen, Malik, Sadaf, Brozzi, Nicolas, Mehkri, Omar, Krishnan, Sudhir, Duggal, Abhijit, Houltham, Stuart, Graf, Jerónimo, Diaz, Roderigo, Orrego, Roderigo, Delgado, Camila, González, Joyce, Sanchez, Maria Soledad, Piagnerelli, Michael, Sarrazin, Josefa Valenzuela, Zabert, Prof. Gustavo, Espinosa, Lucio, Delgado, Paulo, Delgado, Victoria, Rincón, Diego Fernando Bautista, Yanten, Angela Maria Marulanda, Duque, Melissa Bustamante, Brodie, Daniel, Abouelmagd, Khaled, Elhazmi, Alyaa, Al-Hudaib, Abdullah, Javidfar, Jeff, Callahan, Maria, Dong, Andy, D'Orleans, Charles Crepy, Taufik, M. Azhari, Wardoyo, Elizabeth Yasmin, Gunawan, Margaretha, Trisnaningrum, Nurindah S, Irawany, Vera, Rayhan, Muhammad, Panigada, Mauro, Pesenti, Antonio, Zanella, Alberto, Grasselli, Giacomo, Colombo, Sebastiano, Martinet, Chiara, Florio, Gaetano, Antonelli, Massimo, Carelli, Simone, Grieco, Domenico L., Asaki, Motohiro, Hoshino, Kota, Salazar, Leonardo, Monsalve, Mary Alejandra Mendoza, Laffey, John, McNicholas, Bairbre, Cosgrave, David, Atif, Minha, Qutishat, Fadi, Laffey, Caoimhe, Van Der Walt, Michaeal, McCaffrey, Joseph, Bone, Allison, Trickey, Jemma, Horton, Michelle, Pearce, Stephanie, Salerno, Tania, Mohamed, Akram, Alhaddad, Salem, Bakeer, Baliad, Haitam, Shames, Shalabi, Laila, Ahmed, Mohammed Abodina, Hakeem, Yusuff, Winearls, James, Tallott, Mandy, Thomson, David, Joubert, Ivan, Arnold-Day, Christel, Piercy, Jenna, Smit, Richard van Zyl, Miller, Malcom, Seymour, Lisa, van Heyningen, Francois, Teyangesikayi, Gilbert, Fredericks, David, Hssain, Ali Ait, Aliudin, Jeffrey, Alqahtani, Al-Reem, Mohamed, Khoulod, Mohamed, Ahmed, Tan, Darwin, Villanueva, Joy, Zaqout, Ahmed, Labib, Ahmed, Kurtzman, Ethan, Ademi, Arben, Dobrita, Ana, Aoudi, Khadija El, Segura, Juliet, Giwangkancana, Gezy, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Osatnik, Javier, Joosten, Anne, Torres, Antoni, Yang, Minlan, Motos, Ana, Luna, Carlos, Arancibia, Francisco, Williams, Virginie, Noel, Alexandre, Luque, Nestor, Fantini, Marina, García, Ruth Noemi Jorge, Alvarez, Enrique Chicote, Greti, Anna, Ceccato, Adrian, Sanchez, Angel, Vazquez, Ana Loza, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Franch-Llasat, Diego, Tuazon, Divina, Amato, Marcelo, Cassimiro, Luciana, Pola, Flavio, Ribeiro, Francis, Fonseca, Guilherme, Dalton, Heidi, Desai, Mehul, Osborn, Erik, Deeb, Hala, Arcadipane, Antonio, Martucci, Gennaro, Panarello, Giovanna, Vitiello, Stefano, Bianco, Claudia, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Rossetti, Matteo, Cuffaro, Raffaele, Siddig, Nidhal, Cho, Sung-Min, Whitman, Glenn, Sayed, Marwan El, Mokhtar, Walaa, El-Shenawy, Eslam, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Moriyama, Naoki, Kim, Jae-Burm, Kitamura, Nobuya, Gebauer, Johannes, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Buabbas, Sarah, Alamad, Esam, Alawadhi, Fatma, Alawadi, Kalthoum, Khalefa, Mohamed Ahmed, Ajeel, Nourah Ahmad Abdulaziz Al, Aly, Mohammad Fathy, Al-Saleh, Abdullah, Naanouh, Abdullah, Elshourbgy, Alaa Mohammed, Gad, Mohamed Yousef, ElRazaz, Rania Mohamed, Khadadah, Ibrahim, Almumin, Ahmed Mohammed, Altarakma, Hala, Albannay, Hasan, Alsaleh, Mohammed Kh, Radwan, Mahmoud Saad Abdallah, Saadallah, Islam Ahmed, Tanaka, Hiro, Hashimoto, Satoru, Yamazaki, Masaki, Oh, Tak-Hyuck, Epler, Mark, Forney, Cathleen, Kruse, Louise, Feister, Jared, Williamson, Joelle, Grobengieser, Katherine, Gnall, Eric, Golden, Sasha, Caroline, Mara, Shapiro, Timothy, Karaj, Colleen, Thome, Lisa, Sher, Lynn, Vanderland, Mark, Welch, Mary, McDermott, Sherry, Brain, Matthew, Mineall, Sarah, Unwin, Maria, Chen, Lixian, Trezise, Tarnya, McKeon, Laurie, Kimura, Dai, Brazzi, Luca, Sales, Gabriele, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Ogston, Tawnya, Nagpal, Dave, Fischer, Karlee, Lorusso, Roberto, van Bussell, Bas, De Piero, Maria Elena, Mariani, Silvia, Rangappa, Dr Rajavardhan, Shetty, Dr Rajesh Mohan, P, Sujin Rai, Ganesan, Argin, Tharwat, Samar, Esperatti, Mariano, Fuentes, Nora Angélica, Gonzalez, Maria Eugenia, Carton, Edmund G., Sen, Ayan, Palacios, Amanda, Rainey, Deborah, Samoukoviv, Gordan, Campisi, Josie, Durham, Lucia, Neumann, Emily, Seefeldt, Cassandra, Falcucci, Octavio, Emmrich, Amanda, Guy, Jennifer, Johns, Carling, Potzner, Kelly, Zimmermann, Catherine, Espinal, Angelia, Buchtele, Nina, Schwameis, Michael, Korhnfehl, Andrea, Brock, Roman, Staudinger, Thomas, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Barnikel, Michaela, Antón, Sófia, Pawlikowski, Alexandra, Zaaqoq, Akram, Galloway, Lan Anh, Merley, Caitlin, Muftah, Mohamed, Nichol, Alistair, Csete, Marc, Quesada, Luisa, Saba, Isabela, Kasugai, Daisuke, Hiraiwa, Hiroaki, Tanaka, Taku, Marwali, Eva, Purnama, Yoel, Dewayanti, Santi Rahayu, Ardiyan, Juzar, Dafsah Arifa, Siagian, Debby, Chen, Yih-Sharng, Aldhalia, Amer, Ogino, Mark, Nasa, Prashant, Matthew, Christina, Majeed, Nimisha Abdul, Hafez, Wael, Ratsep, Indrek, Post, Andra-Maris, Sillaots, Piret, Krund, Anneli, Lehiste, Merili-Helen, Lepik, Tanel, Manetta, Frank, Mihelis, Effe, Sarmiento, Iam Claire, Narasimhan, Mangala, Varrone, Michael, Komats, Mamoru, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Harmon, Catherine, Satyapriya, S. Veena, Bhatt, Amar, Mokadam, Nahush A., Uribe, Alberto, Gonzalez, Alicia, Shi, Haixia, McKeown, Johnny, Pasek, Joshua, Fiorda, Juan, Echeverria, Marco, Moreno, Rita, Zakhary, Bishoy, Cavana, Marco, Cucino, Alberto, Foti, Giuseppe, Giani, Marco, Fumagalli, Benedetta, Chiumello, Davide, Castagna, Valentina, Dell'Amore, Andrea, Navalesi, Paolo, Shum, Hoi-Ping, Vuysteke, Alain, Usman, Asad, Acker, Andrew, Smood, Benjamin, Mergler, Blake, Sertic, Federico, Subramanian, Madhu, Sperry, Alexandra, Rizer, Nicolas, Burhan, Erlina, Rasmin, Menaldi, Akmal, Ernita, Sitompul, Faya, Lolong, Navy, Naivedh, Bhat, Erickson, Simon, Barrett, Peter, Dean, David, Daugherty, Julia, Loforte, Antonio, Khan, Irfan, Quraishi, Mohammed Abraar, DeSantis, Olivia, Nasrallah, Ahmad, So, Dominic, Kandamby, Darshana, Mandei, Jose M., Natanael, Hans, YudhaLantang, Eka, Lantang, Anastasia, Wijaya, Surya Oto, Jung, Anna, Ng, George, Ng, Wing Yiu, Ng, Pauline Yeung, Fang, Shu, Tabah, Alexis, Ratcliffe, Megan, Duroux, Maree, Alajeeli, Ahmed, Tarhabat, Ali, Adachi, Shingo, Nakao, Shota, Blanco, Pablo, Prieto, Ana, Sánchez, Jesús, Nicholson, Meghan, Butt, Warwick, Serratore, Alyssa, Delzoppo, Carmel, Janin, Pierre, Yarad, Elizabeth, Totaro, Richard, Coles, Jennifer, Pujo, Bambang, Balk, Robert, Vissing, Andy, Kapania, Esha, Hays, James, Fox, Samuel, Yantosh, Garrett, Mishin, Pavel, Adem, Safia, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Santoso, Kohar Hari, Djajalaksana, Susanthy, Fatoni, Arie Zainul, Fukuda, Masahiro, Liu, Keibun, Pelosi, Paolo, Battaglini, Denise, Robba, Chiara, Jiménez, Juan Fernando Masa, Bastos, Diego, Gaião, Sérgio, Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy, Cho, Young-Jae, Lee, Su Hwan, Kawasaki, Tatsuya, Munshi, Laveena, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Nitayavardhana, Prompak, Elagili, Mohamed Bashir, Salem, Talat Ahmed Abu, Seitz, Tamara, Arora, Rakesh, Kent, David, Marino, Daniel, Parwar, Swapnil, Cheng, Andrew, Miller, Jennene, Fujitani, Shigeki, Shimizu, Naoki, Madhok, Jai, Owyang, Clark, Buscher, Hergen, Reynolds, Claire, Abdurraouf, Abusalama, Kredan, Ali Abdulnasir, Haddud, Abdurrahman, Moharam, Saad, Maasikas, Olavi, Beljantsev, Aleksan, Mihnovits, Vladislav, Akimoto, Takako, Aizawa, Mariko, Horibe, Kanako, Onodera, Ryota, Hodgson, Carol, Burrell, Aidan, Young, Meredith, George, Timothy, Shekar, Kiran, McGuinness, Niki, Irvine, Lacey, Flynn, Brigid, Almjersah, Abdulrahman, Bakri, Ashraf, Endo, Tomoyuki, Sugiyama, Kazuhiro, Shimizu, Keiki, Fan, Eddy, Exconde, Kathleen, Ichiba, Shingo, Binnawara, Muhannud, Embarek, Hussein, Lussier, Leslie, Lotz, Gösta, Malfertheiner, Maximilian, Maier, Lars, Dreier, Esther, Kusumastuti, Neurinda Permata, McCloskey, Colin, Dabaliz, Al-Awwab, Elshazly, Tarek B, Smith, Josiah, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty S., Bielański, Piotr, Wille, Keith, Murthy, Srinivas, Parhar, Ken Kuljit S., Fiest, Kirsten M., Codan, Cassidy, Shahid, Anmol, Fayed, Mohamed, Evans, Timothy, Garcia, Rebekah, Gutierrez, Ashley, Song, Tae, Rose, Rebecca, Bennett, Suzanne, Richardson, Denise, Peek, Giles, Arora, Lovkesh, Rappapport, Kristina, Rudolph, Kristina, Sibenaller, Zita, Stout, Lori, Walter, Alicia, Herr, Daniel, Vedadi, Nazli, Bartlett, Robert, Thompson, Shaun, Hoffman, Julie, Ying, Xiaonan, Williams, Bailey, Sanchez, Emely, Akwani, Chika, Kennedy, Ryan, Elhadi, Muhammed, Griffee, Matthew, Mone, Mary, Ciullo, Anna, Kida, Yuri, Roca, Ricard Ferrer, Riera, JordI, Contreras, Sofia, Alegre, Cynthia, Kay, Christy, Fischer, Irene, Renner, Elizabeth, Taniguci, Hayato, Lee, James, Plotkin, Daniel, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Merson, Laura, Hartley, Emma, Lubis, Bastian, Ikeyama, Takanari, Mortada, Alshaymaa, Alhamad, Ameen, Mechi, Ahmed, Nadar, Islam Mohsen Ali Mohamed Hassan, Alyasiri, Mohammed Saleh, Elsaid, Muhammed Zainab Alghali, Bhaskar, Balu, Jung, Jae-Seung, McGuinness, Shay, Eastwood, Glenn, Marta, Sandra Rossi, Guarracino, Fabio, Gerle, Stacy, Coxon, Emily, Claro, Bruno, Aldressi, Wafa, Eleisawy, Mahmoud, Osama, Hasnaa, Loverde, Daniel, Patil, Namrata, Parrini, Vieri, McBride, Angela, Negaard, Kathryn, Ratsch, Angela, Abdelaziz, Ahmad, Uribe, Juan David, Peris, Adriano, Sanders, Mark, Emerson, Dominic, Kamal, Muhammad, Faida, Hamza, Povoa, Pedro, Francis, Roland, Cherif, Ali, Joseph, Sunimol, Nardo, Matteo Di, Heard, Micheal, Kyle, Kimberly, Blackwell, Ray A, OUYAHIA, Amel, Biston, Patrick, Jeong, Hye Won, Smith, Reanna, Prawira, Yogi, Garcia, Arturo Huerta, Salterain, Nahikari, Meyns, Bart, Elnasser, Muhammed, Moreno, Marsha, Walia, Rajat, Mehta, Amit, Schweda, Annette, Williams, Melissa, Amkhatirah, Emad, Kim, Kyung Hoon, Assad, Alexandra, Giraldo, Estefania, Karolak, Wojtek, Balik, Martin, Pocock, Elizabeth, Gajkowski, Evan, Bedair, Mohamed, Masafumi, Kanamoto, Barrett, Nicholas, Takeyama, Yoshihiro, Park, Sunghoon, Amin, Faizan, Andriyani, Fina Meilyana, Sudakevych, Serhii, Schnur, Janos, Vera, Magdalena, Cornejo, Rodrigo, Schwarz, Patrícia, Mardini, Ana Carolina, de Paula, Thais, Neto, Ary Serpa, Villoldo, Andrea, Colafranceschi, Alexandre Siciliano, Iglesias, Alejandro Ubeda, Granjean, Juan, Melro, Lívia Maria Garcia, Romualdo, Giovana Fioravante, Gaia, Diego, Souza, Helmgton, Galas, Filomena, Mendiluce, Rafael Máñez, Sosa, Alejandra, Martinez, Ignacio, Kurosawa, Hiroshi, Almoshantaf, Mohammad Badr, Salgado, Juan, Hugi-Mayr, Beate, Charbonneau, Eric, Barzilai, Vitor Salvatore, Monteiro, Veronica, de Souza, Rodrigo Ribeiro, Harper, Michael, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Adams, Celina, Brieva, Jorge, Khamees, Almu'atasim, Graige, Fadi, Supriatna, Moh, Nyale, George, Eltatar, Faisal Saleem, Fatani, Jihan, Baeissa, Husam, Masri, Ayman AL, Rabie, Ahmed, Hui, Mok Yee, Yamane, Masahiro, Jung, Hanna, Margaret, Ayorinde Mojisola, Nacpil, Newell, Ruck, Katja, Bakken, Rhonda, Jara, Claire, Felton, Tim, Berra, Lorenzo, Shah, Bobby, Chakraborty, Arpan, Cardona, Monika, Capatos, Gerry, Akkanti, Bindu, Orija, Abiodun, Jain, Harsh, Ito, Asami, Housni, Brahim, Low, Sennen, Iihara, Koji, Chavez, Joselito, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Zabert, Gustavo, Naidoo, Krubin, Seppelt, Ian, VanDyk, Marlice, MacDonald, Sarah, McGregor, Randy, Siebenaler, Teka, Flynn, Hannah, Lofton, Kristi, Aokage, Toshiyuki, Kvirkvelia, Bakar, Shigemitsu, Kazuaki, Moscatelli, Andrea, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, Baumgaertel, Matthias, Mba, Serge Eddy, Assy, Jana, Hutahaean, Amelya, Roush, Holly, Sichting, Kay A, Alessandri, Francesco, Burns, Debra, Alkhubouli, Taha Husayn, Salt, Gavin, Garabedian, Carl P., Millar, Jonathan, Sim, Malcolm, Mattke, Adrian, McAuley, Danny, Tadili, Jawad, Frenzel, Tim, Abuleil, Amro, Bar-Lavie, Yaron, Ortiz, Aaron Blandino, Stone, Jackie, Attokaran, Antony, Farquharson, Michael, Patel, Brij, Gunning, Derek, Baillie, Kenneth, Watson, Pia, Tamai, Kenji, Saaid, Ayoub, Anania, Pasquale, Sajinadiyasa, Gede Ketut, Kanyawati, Dyah, Salgado, Marcello, Sassine, Assad, Yudo, Bhirowo, McCaul, Scott, Lee, Bongjin, Lee, Sang Min, Afek, Arnon, Fattouh, Shimaa E, Iwashita, Yoshiaki, Fadlalmola, Hammad, Semedi, Bambang Pujo, Mansour, Noureldin Mohamed, Metiva, Jack, Van Belle, Nicole, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Al-Sadawi, Dr Mohammed, Kirakli, Cenk, Shimaa, Al-Touny, Ivatt, Lenny, Woon, Chia Yew, Kang, Hyun Mi, Smith, Timothy, James, Erskine, Al-Rawas, Nawar, Iwasaki, Yudai, Ashour, Hamza, King-Chung, Kenny Chan, Gudzenko, Vadim, Taccone, Fabio, Perdhana, Fajar, Lamarche, Yoan, Ribeiro, Joao Miguel, Bradic, Nikola, Van den Bossche, Klaartje, Lansink, Oude, Singh, Gurmeet, Debeuckelaere, Gerdy, Stelfox, Henry T., Yi, Cassia, Elia, Jennifer, Tribble, Thomas, Shankar, Shyam, Padmanabhan, Raj, Hallinan, Bill, Paoletti, Luca, Leyva, Yolanda, Fykuda, Tatuma, Badulak, Jenelle, Koch, Jillian, Janowaik, Lisa, Hackman, Amy, Hernandez, Deb, Osofsky, Jennifer, Donadello, Katia, Lawang, Aizah, Fine, Josh, Davidson, Benjamin, Vazquez, Andres Oswaldo Razo, Abdehaleem, Ibrahim, Kelly, Thu-Lan, Fanning, Jonathon, Premraj, Lavienraj, Porto, Diego Bastos, White, Nicole M., Bassi, Gianluigi Li, Suen, Jacky, and Fraser, John F.

Published
2024
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37. A New Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles and Its Application as a Beta-Hematin Inhibitor

Author

Rana Abd Al-Aly Khamees Al-Refaia, Eman Alrikabi, Ahmed Ali Alkarimi, and Rafaela Vasiliadou

Subjects
beta-hematin, cunps, malaria, nanoparticles, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

To prevent the development of drug resistance and unwanted side effects, nanomaterials have been studied for their potential to inhibit beta-hematin, an important protein for the survival of malaria parasites. The use of nanomaterials as a medication against parasites and mosquito vectors has recently shown promising drug therapeutic strategies. One of the newest areas of interest in nanotechnology and nanoscience is the environmentally friendly production of nanoparticles. Green synthesis to produce metal nanoparticles is the most important strategy to overcome the possible dangers of toxic chemicals for a safe and harmless environment. For this study, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized using Iraqi basil leaf extract, demonstrating its novelty in nanosciences. The formation of CuNPs can be seen visually as a color shift from green to brownish. UV-vis absorption spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The surface plasmon resonance property (SPR) of CuNPs is revealed by UV-vis analysis, which shows a distinctive absorption peak at 420–430 nm, whereas SEM reveals the spherical shape of CuNPs with sizes ranging from 30 to 50 nm.

Published
2024
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46. An Efficient Image Denoising Approach Using FPGA Type of PYNQ-Z2

Author

Wesam Hujab Saood and Khamees Khalaf Hasan

Subjects
Denoising, HWT, FPGA, Thresholding, Science
Abstract

Image denoising techniques have become crucial for computer-assisted analysis due to the increasing number of digital images captured in unfavorable conditions. In various fields such as image recognition, medical imaging, robotics, and facial expression analysis, the presence of noise poses significant challenges for denoising algorithms. One of the key difficulties is distinguishing between edges, textures, and noise, all of which contain high-frequency components. Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT) has emerged as a highly effective technique for image denoising. The proposed study focuses on two denoising methods: HWT and HWT-FPGA. Experimental evaluations are conducted to assess the denoising performance of the HWT model and the efficiency of its implementation on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Quantitative metrics, such as Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean Square Error (MSE), are used to measure the denoising quality for ten test images of size 255x255 pixels. Additionally, computational metrics, including processing speed and resource utilization, are analyzed to evaluate the efficiency of the FPGA implementation. The research specifically supports PYNQ, an open-source framework that enables embedded programmers to explore the capabilities of Xilinx ZYNQ SoCs without the need for VHDL programming. In this context, the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA development board, based on the ZYNQ XC7Z020 FPGA, is chosen for the proposed system. The experimental results demonstrate that the HWT and HWT-FPGA approach significantly improve denoising performance compared to traditional methods. The denoised images exhibit higher PSNR values and low MSE scores, indicating better preservation of image details and similarity to the clean images. Furthermore, the FPGA implementation showcases remarkable computational efficiency, enabling real-time denoising capabilities while effectively utilizing FPGA resources.

Published
2024
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47. The prevalence of polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy among middle-aged vs. older patients in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Author

Aymen A. Alqurain, Murtada Albaharnah, Samanah Al Zayer, Luma Ameer, Sherihan Ghosn, Samaher Al-Shaibi, Marwa Algoraini, Amal Aldhafeeri, Danah A. Alyusuf, Afnan Alshnbari, Nida Alsaffar, Jenan Al-Matouq, Mohammed Al Khamees, Bader AlAlwan, and Fadhel A. Alomar

Subjects
older patients, middle-aged patients, medical care unit, polypharmacy (MeSH), hyper-polypharmacy, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

IntroductionPolypharmacy, the use of multiple medications, is a growing concern among middle-aged and older patients, posing potential risks and challenges in healthcare management.AimThis study aimed to identify the prevalence of polypharmacy and hyper-polypharmacy among populations of middle-aged vs. older patients and identify its associated common comorbidities and prescribed medications in Qatif Central Hospital (QCH), Saudi Arabia.MethodsPatients aged 40 years or older who presented to an outpatient medical care clinic at QCH, Saudi Arabia, between 1 January and 31 December 2021 were included, and their comorbidities, prescribed medications, and recent clinical laboratory test results were collected. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) score was calculated to predict the risk of mortality. Logistic regression was used to compute the association between the prevalence of polypharmacy and patient characteristics. The results were presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsA total of 14,081 patients were included; 31% of the cohort comprised older patients, and 66% of the cohort was identified with polypharmacy. The majority of the polymedicated patients were presented to an internal medicine care unit (34%). The prevalence of polypharmacy was positively associated with CCI (OR = 3.4, 95% CI 3.3–3.6), having a disease related to the musculoskeletal system (MSD) (OR = 4.2, 95% CI 3.8–4.7), and alimentary tract and metabolism (ATM) (OR = 3.8, 95% CI 3.4–4.2). Conversely, the prevalence of polypharmacy was negatively associated with age (OR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.89–0.91) and patients with cardiovascular diseases (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–0.7).ConclusionPolypharmacy is still an ongoing concern. Patients, particularly those with diseases related to MSD or ATM, should be considered for reviewing prescriptions by pharmacists to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions and future consequences of polypharmacy.

Published
2024
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48. Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Mycobacterium spp. in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective analysis of 12 years of national antimicrobial resistance surveillance data

Author

Jens Thomsen, Najiba M. Abdulrazzaq, Peter S. Nyasulu, Farida Al Hosani, Maya Habous, Stefan Weber, Fouzia Jabeen, The UAE AMR Surveillance Consortium, Godfred Antony Menezes, Carole Ayoub Moubareck, Abiola Senok, Dean B. Everett, Adnan Alatoom, Agnes Sonnevend-Pal, Ahmed Abdulkareem Al Hammadi, Ahmed Elhag Ahmed, Ahmed F. Yousef, Alaa MM Enshasy, Amal Mubarak Madhi, Amna AlBlooshi, Andreas Podbielski, Anju Nabi, Anup Shashikant Poddar, Arun Kumar Jha, Ayesha Abdulla Al Marzooqi, Bashir Aden, Dean Everett, Deeba Jafri, Duckjin Hong, Emmanuel Fru Nsutebu, Farah Ibrahim Al-Marzooq, Fatima Al Dhaheri, Francis Amirtharaj Selvaraj, Ghada Abdel Wahab, Ghalia Abdul Khader Khoder, Gitanjali Avishkar Patil, Godfred A. Menezes, Muhammad Ghulam Hadayatullah, Hafiz Ahmad, Hala Ahmed Fouad Ismail, Hazim Khalifa, Husein Alzabi, Ibrahim Alsayed Mustafa Alhashami, Imene Lazreg, Irfaan Akthar, John Stelling, Kaltham Ali Kayaf, Kavita Diddi, Krishnaprasad Ramabhadran, Laila Al Dabal, Laura Thomsen, Chamani-Tabriz Leili, Madikay Senghore, Manal Abdel Fattah Ahmed, Moeena Zain, M. Sheek-Hussein Mohamud, Monika Maheshwari, Mubarak Saif Alfaresi, Mushtaq Khan, Najiba Abdulrazzaq, Nehad Nabeel Al Shirawi, Nesrin Helmy, Pamela Fares Murad, Pascal Frey, Peter Nyasulu, Prashant Nasa, T. A. Patil Rajeshwari, Rania El Lababidi, Ratna A. Kurahatti, Riyaz Amirali Husain, Robert Lodu Serafino Wani Swaka, Saeed Hussein, Sameh Soliman, Savitha Mudalagiriyappa, Seema Oommen, Shaikha Ghannam Alkaabi, Simantini Jog, Siobhan O‘Sullivan,, Somansu Basu, Sura Khamees Majeed, Syed Irfan Hussein Rizvi, Tibor Pal, Timothy Anthony Collyns, Yassir Mohammed Eltahir Ali, Yousuf Mustafa Naqvi, Zahir Osman Babiker, and Omar Al Deesi Zulfa

Subjects
TB, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis surveillance, antibiotics, MDR-TB, antimicrobial-resistance, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

IntroductionThe Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (EMRO) region accounts for almost 8% of all global Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) cases, with TB incidence rates ranging from 1 per 100,000 per year in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to 204 per 100,000 in Djibouti. The national surveillance data from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region on the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance trends of TB, including MDR-TB remains scarce.MethodsA retrospective 12-year analysis of N = 8,086 non-duplicate diagnostic Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB complex) isolates from the UAE was conducted. Data were generated through routine patient care during the 2010–2021 years, collected by trained personnel and reported by participating surveillance sites to the UAE National Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Surveillance program. Data analysis was conducted with WHONET, a windows-based microbiology laboratory database management software developed by the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance, Boston, United States (https://whonet.org/).ResultsA total of 8,086 MTB-complex isolates were analyzed. MTB-complex was primarily isolated from respiratory samples (sputum 80.1%, broncho-alveolar lavage 4.6%, pleural fluid 4.1%). Inpatients accounted for 63.2%, including 1.3% from ICU. Nationality was known for 84.3% of patients, including 3.8% Emiratis. Of UAE non-nationals, 80.5% were from 110 countries, most of which were Asian countries. India accounted for 20.8%, Pakistan 13.6%, Philippines 12.7%, and Bangladesh 7.8%. Rifampicin-resistant MTB-complex isolates (RR-TB) were found in 2.8% of the isolates, resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, was 8.9, 6.9, 3.4 and 0.4%, respectively. A slightly increasing trend of resistance among MTB-complex was observed for rifampicin from 2.5% (2010) to 2.8% (2021).ConclusionInfections due to MTB-complex are relatively uncommon in the United Arab Emirates compared to other countries in the MENA region. Most TB patients in the UAE are of Asian origin, mainly from countries with a high prevalence of TB. Resistance to first line anti-tuberculous drugs is generally low, however increasing trends for MDR-TB mainly rifampicin linked resistance is a major concern. MDR-TB was not associated with a higher mortality, admission to ICU, or increased length of hospitalization as compared to non-MDR-TB.

Published
2024
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49. Evaluation the efficacy of NB-UVB treatment alone in comparison with combination therapy of NB-UVB and oral prednisolone in treatment of vitiligo

Author

Yasir Abdullah Khamees Mohammed Al-Sammarraie

Subjects
Vitiligo, NB-UVB, OMP, Prednisolone, Medicine
Abstract

Background: The treatment landscape for vitiligo has witnessed diverse approaches yielding variable outcomes. Objective: To discern the optimal approach in terms of both tolerability and efficacy by comparing Narrow Band Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) phototherapy with adjunctive oral mini pulse (OMP) prednisolone tablets. Patients and Methods: A total of eighty-seven individuals with progressive vitiligo were enrolled in a one-year study, with participants allocated randomly across three study groups through a continuous selection method. Group 1 received a combination of NB-UVB and OMP prednisolone tablets, group 2 underwent NB-UVB treatment only, and group 3 received OMP prednisolone tablets alone. Clinical assessments were conducted at three- and six-month intervals, and statistical analyses were performed utilizing descriptive and bivariate techniques, including the chi-square test, to gauge the significance of differences between the various groups. Results: In Group 1 (NB-UVB + OMP), substantial improvement was observed in 41.4%, accompanied by moderate improvement in 44.8% of patients. Group 2 (NB-UVB) demonstrated marked improvement in 31.0% and moderate improvement in 38.0%. In Group 3 (OMP), a lower proportion experienced marked (13.8%) or moderate (3.4%) improvement. Chi-square test findings indicated that the combination of NB-UVB and OMP correlated significantly with marked and moderate improvement in contrast to OMP alone, with respective values of χ² = 6.434 (p = 0.001) and χ² = 7.831 (p = 0.015) after a six-month follow-up. Conclusion: Through a comprehensive evaluation of three treatment modalities in vitiligo patients, it was established that the sole application of oral mini pulse steroids (OMP) held an adjunctive value, lacking substantial efficacy on its own. Remarkably, the amalgamation of Narrow Band UVB and OMP presented a clear advantage over either treatment administered independently.

Published
2024
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50. Role of Cathepsin G in Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosis and Disease Activity Evaluation

Author

Mays Saleh Khamees and Raad Abdulameer Alasady

Subjects
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Cathepsin G (CTSG), DAS-28 ESR, DAS-28 CRP, Disease activity, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects 1% of the world's population. It causes chronic inflammation of synovial tissue, leading to joint destruction, poor quality of life, and disability. Cathepsin G (CTSG), which acts as a proteolytic enzyme, can be a factor in RA. These proteases belong to the serine protease family and have a role in autoimmune disorders. They can cause bone and cartilage destruction and an immune response in cases of inflammatory arthritis. The objective of this study is to determine if CTSG could serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and evaluation of the activity of RA. Methods: The study involved 132 patients with inflammatory arthritis, and their serum levels of CTSG and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) were measured using ELISA. Other routine biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF), were also measured. Results: The mean of CTSG was significantly lower in RA patients (110.53 pg/ml ± 49.959) than in those with other types of inflammatory arthritis (132.65 pg/ml ± 30.199). According to DAS-28 ESR and DAS-28 CRP, the study found no significant difference in CTSG levels across the four disease activity groups (P = 0.585, P = 0.823, respectively). Additionally, CTSG had a significant negative correlation with diabetes mellitus and treatment intake in newly diagnosed RA (P = 0.009, P = 0.041, respectively). This study is the first to evaluate CTSG as an RA diagnostic tool, showing a sensitivity of 70.1% and a specificity of 60.0% at a cut-off value of ≤133.33 pg/ml. Conclusions: The study results suggest that CTSG has potential as a diagnostic biomarker for RA when used alongside other clinical and laboratory criteria. However, it should not be solely relied upon for evaluating RA activity.

Published
2024
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