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The presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment poses great concerns because of their impacts on water quality, aquatic organisms and human health. The current study aimed to detect the residues of antibiotics including amoxicillin (AMO), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV) seasonally in the muscles and liver of Planiliza abu fish and indicating their effects on some health aspects of fish during November 2020 through August 2021 in two selected stations from Shatt Al-Arab, Basra, Iraq. The samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The current study is the first in Iraq to indicate the presence of antibiotic residues in fish. The study recorded high levels of antibiotics in the muscles and liver of fish, and the concentrations were higher in the second station than in the first one. The antibiotic AMO occupied the highest concentration in the muscles and liver of fish in the second station during the spring exhibiting 8.7 and 6.2 mg kg-1, respectively. The lowest values ​​of CIP were recorded in fish muscles in the first station during the autumn, amounting to 2.8 mg kg-1. The lowest values ​​of LEV were recorded in fish livers in the first station during the autumn amounting to 1.3 mg kg-1. In this study, the accumulation of antibiotics in the liver and muscles of fish exhibited negative effects on the health standards. The presence of antibiotic residues in fish samples in these high concentrations is a source of great concern as it is a major source of human food. The study emphasized the need to conduct more studies to detect this type of pollution and know its negative effects on the health aspects of other types of fish.

The current study examines the effects of different levels of marjoram Origanum majorana extract (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 %) on growth performance and haematological parameters in diets of common carp Cyprinus carpio. Four units of the Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) were used. Each unit had three plastic tanks (30×30×60 cm), representing four treatments with three replicates, each tank containing ten fish with an average weight of 16.31 + 0.02g - 16.48 + 0.10. Fingerlings were fed at a rate of 3% of the total fish weight. All diets contained an average of 33.89 ± 0.067 % crude protein and about 20.32±0.16 (kJ/g) of gross energy. Fish are fed twice daily, six days a week. The study lasted eight weeks (56 days) during November and December 2021. According to our findings, a group of fish fed 1.5% marjoram extract had the highest rate of final body weight, daily weight increase, relative growth rate, specific growth rate, food conversion ratio, and feed conversion efficiency. The 1.5 % marjoram extract treatment had the highest rate of total protein +5.68 0.84 g/dl, albumin +4.48 0.48 g/dl, globulin +1.17 0.54 g/dl and 3.82 + 0.51% albumin/ globulin. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the use of 1.5 % O. majorana extract was best for growth, and blood profile. The results suggest that the inclusion of O. majorana can improve the nutrient efficiency, growth performance, and haematological parameter of C. carpio fingerlings without negative effects on the fish.

The presence of Antibacterial in the aquatic environment is a major concern because of the effect of Antibacterial on water quality, aquatic organisms and human health. The current study aims to detect Antibacterial (Amoxicillin, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin) seasonally in water, sediments, muscles and liver of Nile tilapia fish during the period from November 2020 to August 2021 in two selected stations in Shatt Al-Arab, Basrah, Iraq. The samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), High concentrations of the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (CIP) were recorded in each of the water, sediment and fish muscle samples during the spring season at the second station, reaching the 24.9 mg l1-, 24.5 mg. kg1-, 7.4 mg. kg1-, respectively, while the high concentration of Amoxicillin )AMO( Antibacterial was 4.1 mg.kg-1 in liver of fish in spring season in the second station. The presence of Antibacterial in the aquatic environment in such high concentrations is a source of great concern. The study recommends conducting more studies to measure Antibacterial contamination in other areas of the Shatt al-Arab and the Iraqi marshes.

The paper reviews all the reports concerning the parasitic fauna of the three species of carps cultured in Al-Furat fish farm, Babylon province, mid Iraq. These fishes included the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as well as the mullet (Liza abu) found in the same farm. The parasitic fauna included 60 valid parasite species: ten protozoans, three myxozoans, 29 monogeneans, one trematode, five cestodes, three nematodes, two acanthocephalans, six crustaceans and one mollusc. The common carp was found to harbour 56 species of parasites, the grass carp 25 species, the silver carp 25 species and the mullet six species. The parasitic species were revised and some were synonymised in accordance with latest internet taxonomical accounts. A host- parasite list was prepared for each host species which included all documented literature concerned with this farm.

Effect of prebiotic, bay laurel’s (Laurus nobilis) leaf extract, on growth, food conversion and survival of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied in the laboratory. Three concentrations (1% T1, 2% T2 and 3% T3) in addition to control (0%) were used in eight aquaria with two replicates. Experiment was conducted between 1 February to 4 May, 2016 including 21 days for acclimation. Results appeared that highest weight increment (7.63 g) achieved by T2 compared with the lowest (5.42 g) that achieved by control. Results also appeared that no fish mortalities occurred during experiment. Better food conversion (4.56) achieved by T2 compared with 6.59, 5.46 and 5.2 for control, T1 and T3 respectively. Highest daily growth rate (0.099 g/day) was achieved by T2 comparing with (0.07, 0.078 and 0.081) g/day achieved by control, T1 and T3 respectively. Highest specific growth rate (0.975 %/day) was achieved by T2 comparing with other treatments. It was concluded that better results achieved by T2 that 2% of laurel leaf extract was added to fish food.

The aim of this study is describe the case of ulcer and hemorrhaging (red-sore disease) in a common carp (C. carpio) that is cultivated in floating cages at Al-Hilla river and to finding efficient antibiotic treatments. A total of 144 specimens of the common carp were examined for ulcer with hemorrhaging during the period from December 2017 till the end of November 2018. In this study, red-sore disease was found in 45 specimens. This disease is caused by the infection of Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS). Aeromonas hydrophila, A. sobria and A. veronii were isolated from the skin, gills and intestine of common carp. Aeromonas species were identified with a different percentage in common carp as the follows: A. hydrophila (58.76%), A. sobria (31.83%) and A. veronii (43.3%). Antibiotic susceptibility test of 12 antibiotics (Piperacillin/ Tazobactan, Amikacin, Cefazolin, Gentamicin, Cefoxitin, Ciprofloxacin, Ceftazidime, Levofloxacin, Cefepime, Tigecycline, Imipenem and Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazoleby) showed variable resistances for Aeromonas species. Aeromonas species were identified and examined for antibiotic susceptibility using the VITEK 2 system.

Total bacterial load, total coliforms and faecal coliforms in ponds water and sediments, intestine of common carp Cyprinus carpio and birds faeces were investigated monthly over a period of one year from May 2007 to April 2008. Fish were collected randomly by a cast net from ponds of University of Basra. Total viable bacterial counts were ranging from 2.8،ہ1.9 x 101 to 7.0،ہ2.2 x 103 cfu ml -1 in ponds water, 4.2،ہ2.2 x 104 to 3.8،ہ2.5 x 106 cfu g -1 in ponds sediments, 9.2،ہ2.6 x 104 to 10.9،ہ2.5 x 106 cfu g -1 fish intestine and 2.0،ہ1.4x 106 to 10.7،ہ1.2 x 108 cfu g-l in birds faeces. The most probable number (MPN) of faecal coliforms ranged from 94،ہ5 to ،ـ920،ہ0 100 ml-1 in ponds water; while MPN ranges in sediment, common carp intestine and birds faeces were 63،ہ18 to ،ـ540،ہ0 g-l, 43،ہ5 to ،ـ540،ہ0 g-l and 240،ہ22 to ،ـ540،ہ0 g-l respectively. The abundance of normal bacteria coliforms was greater in the warm months than in the cold months. There were no sources of human faecal matter in the ponds. So, it is clear that faecal coliforms from water birds faeces significantly contaminated (P< 0.05) the ponds and common carp intestines.