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Abstract Objectives The aims of this study were to suggest patient-adjusted optical spectral transmission (OST) cut-off values for the first time and to develop clinical models that predict the probability of an early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) diagnosis based on OST findings and the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria as a reference standard. Methods OST examinations were performed in newly diagnosed RA patients and healthy controls by the HandScan device. Moreover, RA patients underwent a full clinical [tender/swollen joint counts (TJC/SJC), disease activity score-28 (DAS28)] and laboratory evaluation. OST confounding factors were examined via logistic multivariate regression analyses and patient-adjusted OST-cut-offs were subsequently determined. Furthermore, statistical models to calculate the probability of an RA diagnosis, based on the measured OST values and the presence of OST influencing factors, were developed. Finally, correlations of OST with RA activity parameters were assessed. Results 1.584 joints of 72 early RA patients were examined via OST and compared to 2.200 joints of 100 healthy controls and 1.166 joints of 53 patients with non-inflammatory arthralgia (NIA), respectively. Overall OST diagnostic performance was excellent in the whole cohort between RA- and healthy control-group [Area-Under-the-Curve (AUC): 0.810 (95%CI: 0.746–0.873); p

This work presents an analysis and design of the two barrier-quantum well asymmetric spacer tunnel layer (QW-ASPAT) diodes for implantable rectenna circuits application. The RF and DC characteristic of a 10×10μm2 QW-ASPAT devices based on GaAs and In0.53Ga0.47As platform was simulated and extracted by using SILVACO atlas software. The highest extracted curvature coefficient, kv value of the both QW-ASPAT devices at zero bias was about 33V-1 compared with the standard structure GaAs/InGaAs was about 13V-1. The effects of changing in the thickness of the thin AlAs-barrier, the well width, and the spacer layer are fully investigated on the non-linear relationship between current and voltage of these diodes. A CV simulation was carried out, and it was found that the addition of the quantum-well layer between spacers and barrier reduced the junction capacitance of the QW-ASPAT device when compared with standard devices. The cut-off frequency of the proposed QW-GaAs and QW-InGaAs devices are 26GHz and 46GHz respectively. Finally, we conclude that the QW-ASPAT device is the best structure and can be used for microwave rectifiers in the miniaturized integrated rectenna systems.

Abstract Intussusception is a common surgical emergency in children. Clinical suspicion and radiological evaluation confirm the diagnosis of the disease. Enema reduction is the first line of management. This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with enema reduction failure. A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with intussusception at three different hospitals in different countries from January 2016 to December 2022. Data collected included demographics, presenting symptoms, duration of symptoms, management, outcomes, and follow-ups. A total of 290 cases of intussusception were included in the study. Ages ranged from 1 to 36 months, with a median age of 15 months. All children underwent an enema reduction which was successful in 92.4%. Failure of reduction was seen in 16.7% of females compared to 6.4% of males, and it was significantly seen in children below the age of 1 year compared to older children. Failure of reduction significantly increases with the duration of symptoms and in children who present with bilious vomiting and currant jelly stool. In conclusion, Failure of enema reduction was more prevalent in females, in children below the age of 1 year and who present late, as well as children who had bilious vomiting and currant jelly stool. This study identified several risk factors associated with failed enema reduction in children with intussusception. Recognizing the risk factors can help guide clinicians in the management and anticipation of outcomes.

This paper presents a significant contribution in the form of a new general equation, namely the $ \mathfrak{q} $-deformed equation or the $ \mathfrak{q} $-deformed tanh-Gordon equation. The introduction of this novel equation opens up new possibilities for modeling physical systems that exhibit violated symmetries. By employing the $ (G'/G) $ expansion method, we have successfully derived solitary wave solutions for the newly defined $ \mathfrak{q} $-deformed equation under specific parameter regimes. These solutions provide valuable insights into the behavior of the system and its dynamics. To further validate the obtained analytical results, the numerical solution of the $ \mathfrak{q} $-deformed equation has been constructed by using the finite difference method. This numerical approach ensures the accuracy and reliability of the findings. To facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the results, we have included two- and three-dimensional tables and figures, which provide visual representations and comparisons between the analytical and numerical solutions. These graphical illustrations enhance the clarity and interpretation of the obtained data. The significance of the $ \mathfrak{q} $-deformation lies in its ability to model physical systems that exhibit deviations from standard symmetry properties, such as extensivity. This type of modeling is increasingly relevant in various fields, as it allows for a more accurate representation of real-world phenomena.

In this work, we explore the generalized discrete wave equation, which utilizes a specific irregular space interval. The introduction of this irregular space interval is motivated by its connection to the q-addition, a mathematical operation that arises in the nonextensive entropy theory. By taking the continuous limit, we obtain the wave equation with q-deformation, which captures the effects of the q-addition. To solve the generalized q-deformed wave equation, we investigate three different methods: the separation method, the reduced differential transform method, and the finite difference method. These methods offer distinct approaches for finding solutions to the equation. By comparing the results obtained from each method, we can evaluate their effectiveness and identify their respective strengths and limitations in solving the generalized q-deformed wave equation. The solutions obtained from this newly defined equation have potential applications in modeling physical systems with violated symmetries. The inclusion of the q-deformation allows for a more comprehensive description of such systems, which may exhibit nonextensive behavior or possess irregularities in their spatial intervals. By incorporating these features into the wave equation, we can improve our understanding and modeling capabilities of complex physical phenomena.

The two-dimensional conformal time-fractional generalized qq-deformed sinh-Gordon equation has been used to model a variety of physical systems, including soliton propagation in asymmetric media, nonlinear waves in optical fibers, quantum field theory, and condensed matter physics. The equation is able to capture the complex dynamics of these systems and has been shown to be a powerful tool for studying them. This article discusses the two-dimensional conformal time-fractional generalized qq-deformed sinh-Gordon equation both analytically and numerically using Kudryashov’s approach and the finite difference method. In addition, the stability analysis and local truncation error of the equation are discussed. A number of illustrations are also included to show the various solitons propagation patterns. The proposed equation has opened up new possibilities for modeling asymmetric physical systems.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the existence and uniqueness of a solution to a coupled system of infinite-delay fractional q integro-differential equations. The equation that will be the focus of this paper's analysis is noteworthy and innovative since it combines fractional differentiation with fractional q integration and has numerous applications to real-world occurrences. The existence of the solution is established using the Schauder fixed-point theorem. The uniqueness of a solution will be evaluated using Banach's fixed-point theorem. The definitions of the Riemann fractional q integral and the Caputo fractional derivative are used to arrive at a numerical solution to the coupled system. Then, the merge of the trapezoidal finite difference methodology is integrated. The finite difference approach is used for the first and second derivative components, whereas the trapezoidal method is used for the integral components. As a result, a set of straightforward algebraic equations will be produced, from which we can deduce the solution. Some applications are provided to illustrate our main conclusions.

In this research, we explore the solution of the fractional Generalized Quintic Complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (GQCGLE) using the Controlled Picard Transform Method. We solve the equation by incorporating the Laplace transform (LT) and the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative (CF). The fractional GQCGLE is a complex-valued equation that exhibits intricate dynamics and plays a significant role in various physical phenomena, particularly in the realm of nonlinear optics. The suggested method can efficiently address a wide variety of differential equations, encompassing both integer and fractional-order equations. This is achieved by integrating an extra parameter that enhances convergence, making it especially suitable for non-linear differential equations. To confirm the precision and convergence of our approach, we validate it by comparing it with other methods, presenting graphical representations to clarify the effects of different parameters on the solution behaviour, and confirming its precision and convergence. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions are also examined.

Abstract Objective To study the feasibility of using poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) filament and fused deposition modeling (FDM) to manufacture denture bases via the development of a study that considers both conventional and additive‐based manufacturing techniques. Materials and Methods Five sample groups were compared: heat and cold cured acrylic resins, CAD/CAM milled PMMA, 3D‐printed PMMA (via FDM), and 3D‐printed methacrylate resin (via stereolithography, SLA). All groups were subjected to mechanical testing (flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness), water sorption and solubility tests, a tooth bonding test, microbiological assessment, and accuracy of fit measurements. The performance of sample groups was referred to ISO 20795‐1 and ISO/TS 19736. The data was analyzed using one‐way ANOVA. Results Samples manufactured using FDM performed within ISO specifications for mechanical testing, water sorption, and solubility tests. However, the FDM group failed to achieve the ISO requirements for the tooth bonding test. FDM samples presented a rough surface finish which could ultimately encourage an undesirable high level of microbial adhesion. For accuracy of fit, FDM samples showed a lower degree of accuracy than existing materials. Conclusions Although FDM samples were a cost‐effective option and were able to be quickly manufactured in a reproducible manner, the results demonstrated that current recommended testing regimes for conventionally manufactured denture‐based polymers are not directly applicable to additive‐manufactured denture base polymers. Therefore, new standards should be developed to ensure the correct implementation of additive manufacturing techniques within denture‐based fabrication workflow.

Organizational justice is influenced by interpersonal relationships in the workplace. This study investigates the moderating role of ethical leadership on the relationship between justice dimensions (distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice, and informational justice) and employees’ ethical behavior. We identified a sample of 545 supervisor–subordinate dyads from the banking industry in Saudi Arabia and found that ethical leadership positively and significantly moderates the relationship between organizational justice and employees’ ethical behavior. Nevertheless, the interaction between interpersonal justice and ethical leadership was insignificant. Our findings show the important role played by managerial ethical leadership in increasing the positive impact of organizational justice dimensions on employees’ ethical behavior.

This paper introduces a novel approach called the Controlled Picard technique along with ρ-Laplace transform for simulating the solutions of the fractional Kundu–Eckhaus equation (FKEE) and time-fractional massive Thirring model (FMTM). Significant applications of these equations can be found in nonlinear optics, weakly dynamic dispersive waves of water, and the study of quantum fields. Our proposed approach merges the Controlled Picard technique with the ρ-Laplace transform, resulting in an elegant framework that effectively solves nonlinear fractional equations without the need for Lagrange multipliers or Adomian polynomials. The inclusion of a small parameter h enhances convergence and is particularly advantageous for nonlinear differential equations. We demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of our method by comparing it with other analytical approaches. In addition, we offer graphical depictions of the numerical results to demonstrate the effectiveness as well as reliability of our suggested methodology. Overall, our approach is highly efficient, accurate, and straightforward to implement.

In this work, we study the Lane–Emden–Fowler equation which has a wide range of applications in astrophysics, classical and quantum mechanics. Firstly, we convert this nonlinear differential equation into an equivalent integral equation. We employ the powerful Adomian decomposition method to derive an analytical solution that will also lead to numerical solutions. Moreover, we exhibit two theorems to ensure the uniqueness of the solution of the problem and to confirm the convergence of the proposed scheme. In addition, we use quartic trigonometric B-spline as a powerful numerical method to achieve numerical solutions. Finally we present a comparison between the proposed methods to show their accuracy performance. Proper graphs are also provided to illustrate the obtained solutions.

Abstract Background In recent era, digitalization in the dental sciences has been observed in wide ranges. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess knowledge and practice of additive manufacturing (AM) in dentistry among university teaching faculty in Saudi Arabia. Methods A questionnaire was prepared and validated to distribute to the different dental colleges in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: demographic information, knowledge and practices of AM among the dental teaching faculty. After receiving all the responses, descriptive statistics were used for the frequency distribution of all the responses. Results A total of 367 responses were received from the different faculty members. Most of the participants were male (67.30%), holding assistant professor (52.50%) positions in the field of prosthodontics (23.40%). In terms of knowledge, even though most of the participants were aware of AM (64.30%); however, do not understand the AM techniques (33.50). Moreover, 71.90% of the participants had no experience working with AM and only 13.60% of participants used AM in their respective dental colleges. Conclusion AM techniques are not commonly used in the field of dentistry in Saudi Arabia; therefore, more platforms should have created to enhance the knowledge and practice of AM in the current population.

Construction sector spending makes a significant contribution to the global economy, with approximately ${\$}$ 10 trillion being spent on building and construction activities annually. However, the construction industry has traditionally been perceived as slow to adapt to new technologies compared to other sectors. Recently, the construction industry has experienced a substantial shift towards Digital Transformation. As new technologies have emerged, the construction industry has begun to realize the importance of Digital Transformation in the pre-construction, construction, and facility management phases. A high degree of Digital Transformation has been seen regarding site monitoring, wearables, sensors, and identifying hazards. This paper intends to sketch a global picture of digital technologies implemented in the construction industry throughout the entire project lifecycle. By fully analyzing more than 200 papers, the paper finds that various aspects of the construction industry, including technologies, policies, regulations, and infrastructures, are still in the early stages of Digital Transformation. The findings from this review will help researchers and practitioners in the construction industry understand the global picture of digital technology implementation and where the construction industry stands in the Digital Transformation process. This paper also serves as a starting point for future work on Digital Transformation in the construction industry. The research paper is limited to vertical aspects in building projects and does not include horizontal integration. Finally, this study will give a guideline with successful examples of which technologies are being used in specific phases, so future researchers can get a holistic view of the use of digital technology in the entire building environment.

Abstract In the realm of nonlinear dynamics, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction system has long held the fascination of researchers. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky system continues to be an active area of research, offering insights into the fundamental principles of nonlinear dynamics in complex systems. To deepen our understanding of this intricate system, we introduce a pioneering approach to tackle the time fractional Belousov-Zhabotinsky system, employing the Caputo and Atangana-Baleanu Caputo fractional derivatives with the double Laplace method. The solution we obtained is in the form of series which helps in investigating the accuracy of the proposed method. The primary advantage of the proposed technique lies in the low amount of calculations required and produce high degree of precision in the solutions. Furthermore, the existence and uniqueness of the solution are investigated thereby enhancing the overall credibility of our study. To visually represent our results, we present a series of 2D and 3D graphical representations that vividly illustrate the behavior of the model and the impact of changing the fractional order derivative and the time on the obtained solutions.

This research investigates the time fractional Ivancevic option pricing model and presents two distinct solution methods: the invariant subspace method for obtaining exact solutions and the residual power series method for generating approximate solutions. In the invariant subspace method, we employ an algebraic approach to solve the time fractional Ivancevic option pricing model. By constructing an appropriate invariant subspace, we derive a system of fractional ordinary differential equations that characterizes the exact solution. This method provides a rigorous and efficient technique for generating various exact solutions. We also propose the residual power series method for obtaining approximate solutions. This method involves expressing the solution as an expansion of power functions and iteratively solving the residual equation to refine the approximation. By truncating the series expansion, we obtain an approximate solution that captures the essential features of the model while balancing computational efficiency and accuracy. Different graphs in 2-dimensions and 3-dimensions are presented to pioneer the obtained solutions. Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the invariant subspace method in generating exact solutions and shedding light on the model's dynamics. The residual power series method, on the other hand, provides a flexible and computationally efficient approach for obtaining reliable approximate solutions. The integration of exact and approximate methodologies presents a thorough structure for evaluating and valuing options in the time fractional Ivancevic option pricing model. This comprehensive approach yields valuable understandings for financial professionals and researchers alike.

Construction projects play a vital role in the global economy. However, the construction industry still lags in the adoption of digital technologies which have the potential to alleviate inefficiencies. There is also a lack of construction professionals with skills to implement digital technologies, and the industry is plagued by inadequate research and development (R&D) and low productivity. This paper applies the Digital Transformation Readiness Level Index in Building Construction (DTRLIIBC) to investigate digital transformation in the construction industry, and specifically in the construction phase, by identifying technologies, alternatives, policy incentives to ensure best practices, and infrastructure needed to smoothly implement digital technologies. A survey was distributed to executive managers, department managers, project managers, senior engineers, and supervisors in the construction industry. Interviews were also conducted with 13 experts with more than 20 years of experience, using the Delphi method to ensure the validity and reliability of the factors identified as significant based on their experience and perspectives. This study thus assessed potential factors related to digital transformation, along with identifying factors enabling the use of the DTRLIIBC itself. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to identify causal relationships among the variables while minimizing measurement errors, as SEM was considered a multiple regression analysis to improve the efficiency of the model. To ascertain the model’s robustness and stability, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted that included tests for multivariate normality conformance, validity and reliability assessments, and accuracy evaluations to improve overall performance in the construction industry. The benefit of implementing SEM is its ability to provide a clear decision-making alternative as well as a potential vision for construction industry firms to improve efficiency and productivity in construction projects.

Digital transformation (DT) is revolutionizing building facility management (FM) by streamlining operations, maximizing resources, and increasing performance. FM firms prioritize DT to stay competitive as speed and efficiency become more crucial in the corporate context. Traditional FM methods like manual record-keeping and reactive maintenance cannot meet recent corporate needs. Modern technologies such as IoT, AI, digital twins, and data analytics enable real-time building asset monitoring and optimization. This paper evaluates the digital transformation readiness level index of building facility management (DTRLIBFM), which includes critical success factors for DT development, using structural equation modeling (SEM). DTRLIBFM model determines the importance of key factors that contribute to the success of digital transformation initiatives, specifically focusing on the DT readiness level index of building facility management. Expert interviews and an intensive literature review were employed to identify the critical success factors for the DTRLIFMB. The Delphi technique was employed to validate these factors with 13 highly experienced professionals, and they were subsequently appraised for significance through an online questionnaire that was circulated to industry experts. To quantitatively evaluate the interconnectedness of different elements of DTRLIFMB and establish the impact of each construct on the overall digital transformation, data from 220 participants from around the world were analyzed using (SEM). The evaluation included reliability, validity, hypothesis testing, multivariate normality, and goodness-of-fit indexes. The DTRLIBFM model, with 20 indicators in three constructs, explains how DT readiness affects a building’s digitalization importance level. The research provides governments, organizations, contractors, consultants, suppliers, subcontractors, and facility managers with a current DT index and DT roadmap for building facility management.

The current study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM fabricated hybrid ceramic restorative materials. The current study assessed the mechanical properties of additively and subtractively manufactured CAD/CAM fabricated hybrid ceramic by conducting flexure strength test, compressive strength test, and Vickers hardness test. Flexural samples were subjected to a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine until the samples showed fracture. Moreover, samples for the compressive strength test were subjected to compression tests using a universal testing machine until samples were fractured. Samples for the Vickers hardness was tested using the Vickers hardness testing machine to determine the sample’s hardness values. There were significant differences (p = 0.0001) were observed among the additive and subtractive groups in terms of flexure strength and compressive strength test. Regarding the Vickers hardness test, significant differences (p = 0.0001) were observed between the polished and unpolished groups in additive manufacturing. However, no significant (p = 0.681) differences were observed in the subtractive manufacturing technique. The subtractive group achieved ISO specifications in terms of flexural strength and was superior to additive groups in hardness while exhibiting lower performance in compressive strength. Moreover, printing orientation had a significant influence on the performance of additive groups. Flexural strength and hardness were improved when the printing orientation was in alignment with the direction of load (90°) while compressive strength was improved when the printing orientation was perpendicular to the direction of load (0°).

Our objective in this paper is to investigate the sinh-Gordon equation’s generalization using a q-calculus. This equation explains systems with broken symmetries. The q-deformed sinh-Gordon equation adds noncommutativity and non-linearity, expanding on its original form. We compare two methods for solving this equation: RqDTM and VIM. RqDTM is a modified differential transform technique for q-deformed equations, whereas VIM utilizes an iterative approach. We give numerical results and compare the accuracy and efficiency of the solutions achieved using these approaches. This analysis evaluates the merits and disadvantages of each strategy for solving the q-deformed sinh-Gordon equation, offering insights into their applicability and performance.

This paper is about the conformable non-linear space–time fractional Telegraph and the non-linear space–time fractional Kolmogorov–Petrovskii–Piskunov (KPP) equations. To construct some real and analytical wave solutions of both equations the simplest equation method is applied. As a consequence, a series of analytical wave solutions are obtained as well as verify these solutions by using Mathematica software. These solutions denote that this method is useful and straightforward. We show some graphs in 2-D and 3-D of our solution to illustrate the behaviour of waves. Finally, we introduce the numerical solutions for the conformable non-linear space–time fractional Telegraph and the non-linear space–time fractional KPP equations using the finite difference method and make comparisons with analytical solutions.