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Diabetes is accompanied by inflammation and oxidation. Supplementation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds can prevent the progression of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation of Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae (NOM) on the inflammatory and antioxidant responses in diabetic rats. Sixty male rats were divided into six groups as diabetic and non-diabetic rats receiving 0, 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight of NOM daily for 21 days. Body weight, the serum concentrations of insulin and glucose and the tissue concentrations of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde (MDA), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were assessed. The results showed that induction of diabetes significantly reduced the body weight, the serum concentrations of insulin and the tissue concentrations of SOD, FRAP and GPx while increasing the concentrations of glucose, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB and TNF-α. Daily oral administration of NOM (10 and 20 mg/kg) significantly maintained the body weight, the serum concentrations of insulin and the tissue concentrations of SOD, FRAP and GPx while preventing the increase in the concentrations of glucose, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α. In conclusion, diabetes caused inflammation and oxidation while NOM worked as a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compound.

Introduction and Purpose: Preterm delivery is a common complication during pregnancy periods and imposes a high cost on the healthcare system due to the care needs of premature babies. Sexually transmitted infections are one of the effective factors in the occurrence of preterm delivery and the diagnosis and treatment of these infections are effective in reducing complications and preventing preterm delivery. In this study, the role of Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis [TV]) infection in preterm delivery has been evaluated. Methods: In a prospective case--control study, women with preterm birth were assigned to the case group, and women with full-term delivery on the same day were also assigned randomly to the control group. After receiving the history and physical examination, a sample was taken from the cervix for TV culture. The data were included in the SPSS version 23 software. A significance level of less than 0.05 was considered. Findings: The overall prevalence of this infection was 10%. The prevalence of chlamydial infection was 2% among mothers with full-term delivery and 16.4% among mothers with premature birth, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.021). The logistic regression analysis to determine the effect of Trichomonas infection on premature birth showed that there was the probability of the occurrence of premature delivery increases in mothers with trichomoniasis infection with lower age, higher body mass index, the presence of underlying disease, lower educational level, housewives, lower parity and gravity and having a history of fetus abortion more than 13 times with its occurrence probability occurs in mothers without Trichomonas infection (P = 0.046, Exp (β) =13.266). Conclusion: According to the present results, TV screening for pregnant women, especially in high-risk groups, is emphasized to reduce the incidence of preterm delivery and related complications, especially neonatal complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity has become a significant health concern in recent decades, characterized by increased body fat. This study aimed to compare the effects of circuit and traditional resistance training on serum calprotectin levels in obese men. Methods: A pre-test-post-test design was used with thirty-three sedentary young obese men (age 21.33±2.49 years, weight 92.23±14.39 kg and BMI 30.71±4.63 kg/m²) who were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group underwent a 12-week periodized resistance training program consisting of three sessions per week, gradually increasing in intensity from 50% to 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM) using a wave pattern. Resting serum calprotectin levels were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired sample t-tests, with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Results: Both periodized circuit and traditional resistance training resulted in increased plasma levels of calprotectin compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Additionally, the periodized circuit resistance training group demonstrated a greater increase in plasma levels of calprotectin than the traditional resistance training and control groups (p = 0.01). Conclusion: These findings suggest that twelve-week periodized circuit and traditional resistance training programs can effectively increase calprotectin levels in obese men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is one of the most serious health problems associated with inflammation. It has been found that functional and resistance physical activities improve obesity and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect High-intensity Functional training (HIFT) and Circuit resistance training (CRT) on serum levels of the pro-inflammatory factor interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in obese women. Methods: Thirty-six obese women of Semnan city (age: 32.66 ± 3.91, weight: 86.97 ±9.08 and BMI> 30) were selected and divided into three groups of HIIF (n =12), CRT (n = 12) and control (n = 12) were divided. HIIF was performed in the form of cross-fit exercises and Circuit exercises in the form of weight training for 6 weeks. Finally, the IFN-γ was measured using the Human IFN-g Elisa kit 96t-zellbio. To examine the data, one-way analysis of variance and dependent t-test at the level of p≤0.05 were used and all calculations were performed using SPSS software version 24. Results: The results showed that there was no significant change in IFN-γ level in training groups compared to before training (P>0.05). Also, the results between groups did not show a significant difference in serum IFN-γ between HIIF and CRT (P>0.05). Conclusion: Therefore, it seems that of exercise does not affect the dependent variable of serum interferon gamma levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. HDL exerts various protective functions on the cardiovascular system including anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing adhesion molecules expression in inflammation-induced endothelial cells. This study was designed to search if the anti-inflammatory capacity of apolipoprotein B-depleted plasma (apoB-depleted plasma) is altered in NAFLD patients. Methods A total of 83 subjects including 42 NAFLD and 41 control subjects were included in this cross-sectional study. Anti-inflammatory function of HDL was determined as the ability of apoB-depleted plasma to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a)-induced expression of adhesion molecules in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results Incubation of inflammation-stimulated HUVECs with the NAFLD patients' apo-B depleted plasma led to higher levels of expression of adhesion molecules compared to the control subjects' plasma samples, reflecting an impaired anti-inflammatory capacity of apoBdepleted plasma in the NAFLD patients. Impaired anti-inflammatory capacity of apoBdepleted plasma was correlated with fatty liver and obesity indices. After adjustment with obesity indices, the association of anti-inflammatory capacity of apoB-depleted plasma with NAFLD remained significant. Conclusion Impaired anti-inflammatory activity of apoB-depleted plasma was independently associated with NAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A thiophosphoric triamide (SPT) ligand P(S)[NH‐2Py]3 was synthesized and utilized as a ligand to make novel binuclear and mononuclear Co2+ and Cd2+ complexes. The compounds are the first examples of discrete chelate SPT complexes with a [N]3P(S)‐based backbone in which the SPT acts as a flexible tridentate N,N,N‐donor or N,N,O‐donor ligand. The metal cation features a hexacoordinate environment M(N)3(Cl)3/M(N)4(O)2 adopting a distorted octahedral geometry. Hirshfeld surface analysis affirms that the pyridinyl nitrogen is a more dominant H‐bond acceptor than the thiophosphoryl sulfur atom. The inhibitory activity against the MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cell line in vitro indicated a good inhibitory effect for all compounds. The mononuclear Co2+ complex showed a stronger inhibitory activity against cancer cells than other studied compounds with an IC50 of 62 ± 1.4 nM. Antioxidant and antihemolytic activity of the compounds showed appreciable performance with the highest activities for the Cd2+ complex. A computational DNA binding study by molecular docking indicated a good affinity of the compounds with the DNA receptor by a mixed mode of interactions. Docking was also performed on SARS‐CoV‐2 and monkeypox (Mpox), resulting in binding energies (−5.5 to −8.9 kcal/mol) that are competitive with current effective drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]