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يستعرض البحث حلقة رئيسية من حياة الرئيس السادس للولايات المتحدة الامريكية ، وهو الرئيس جون كوينسي ادمز ، وتحديدا حياته بعد خسارته انتخابات عام 1828، اذ تناولت حياته الاجتماعية وحياته السياسة واخيرا صراعه مع المرض والذي ادى الى وفاته عام 1848، وفي ثنايا الدراسة تناولنا دور الرئيس جون كوينسي ادمز في متابعة مشكلة موضوع الرقيق ، فضلا عن دوره في جلسات مجلس النواب الامريكي الفيدرالي (الكونغرس)، ممثلا عن ولاية مساتشوستس، ودفاعه عن حقوق ابناء شعبه.

Background Radiation exposure from patients treated with radioactive iodine (131I) represents a radiation hazard to children and adolescents, representing the most vulnerable group of household contacts. Our aim was to calculate the cumulative radiation exposure (CRE) figures to children and adolescents sharing the same home with outpatients treated with low-dose 131I. The secondary aim was to study the demographic and educational factors that may significantly affect radiation exposure to them. Results The whole number of household contacts less than 18 years was 99, out of them 49 ≤ 12 years. CRE level to children and adolescents ranged from 79 to 934 uSv. The mean, median, and 75th percentile figures were 284 ± 178 uSv, 215 uSv, and 334 uSv, respectively. The compliance of this group of contacts to radiation exposure constraint (1 mSv) was 100%. All CRE values were below this figure with 75% of them below half of this constraint. Thirteen adolescents from 12 to 18 years and 17 mothers of 23 household contacts ≤ 12 years got radiation safety instructions (RSI) directly from a radiation safety officer (RSO). This group had a significantly lower mean CRE value (184 ± 93 uSv) compared to those who got RSI from the patient or from other family members (298 ± 185 uSv) with a significant p value. Conclusion The compliance of adolescents and children to the 1-mSv radiation exposure constraint is 100%. It is advised for adolescents and mothers of children in contact with 131I-treated patients to get direct RSI from the RSO, which is the only factor associated with significantly lower radiation exposure figures.

In the midst of the rise of nationalist movements in Europe during the second half of the nineteenth century, the Balkan countries, which had been under Ottoman administration for centuries, were not isolated from this constant movement. One of the most important Balkan countries that experienced a rise in national mobility was Albania, although it was a multi- But it was able to unite its forces and voice in all areas and forums, all thanks to the presence of a group of national Albanians who demanded national and national rights all regardless of religion and nationalism, led by Sami Farashri, who contributed with his colleagues in the statement and the consolidation of milk rights for the To achieve full independence. For these and other reasons, Sami Frashri was the focus of this study, which came under the title (Sami Frashri and his role in the Albanian national renaissance).

Summary Background Influenza vaccination of healthcare workers (HCWs) is essential for patient safety, their own safety, and hospital operation. However, despite its strong recommendation, studies indicates a low rate of vaccine uptake. Aim To assess rates of, and factors affecting, influenza vaccine uptake among HCWs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out during October 1 st to 16 th , 2015, among HCWs in King Abdullah Medical City in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire was distributed to HCWs; this included questions on demographic characteristics, vaccine uptake, and knowledge, beliefs, attitude, and concern about influenza vaccine. Findings Out of 500 HCWs approached, 447 returned valid self-reported questionnaires with response rate 89.4%. Overall, 88.3% of the participants reported receiving vaccination during the 2014/15 season, higher than during the 2013/14 (61.2%) and 2012/13 (54.5%) seasons. Self-protection (81.5%) was the main reason for vaccination, whereas 73.4% of HCWs reported vaccination to protect patients. The main reasons for vaccination avoidance were misconception that the vaccine causes influenza (38.5%) and concern about vaccine efficacy (32.7%). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the following were independently associated with vaccine receipt among HCWs: awareness of vaccine guidelines; intention to receive the vaccine next season; nurses and other HCWs compared to physicians; longer practice; and age >40 years. Conclusion A good uptake of influenza vaccine was achieved during the 2014/15 season following adoption of mandatory vaccination policy. Awareness programmes are needed to correct HCWs' misconceptions about the vaccine. Efforts need to focus especially on physicians, younger staff and new recruits.

Bezoars, and to lesser extent phytobezoars, are among the rare causes of small bowel obstruction. A bezoar generally describes retained concretions of indigestible foreign material that accumulate and conglomerate in the gastrointestinal tract, most commonly in the stomach. We present an unusual case of phytobezoar-induced sub-acute small bowel obstruction originating from unfamiliar plant material in a 74-year-old woman. The past history was insignificant regarding comorbidities other than depression. Presenting complaints were history of abdominal pain and vomiting. Imaging studies and physical examination suggested small bowel obstruction. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy after 1 day of conservative treatment. We found a 4.5 cm obstructing phytobezoar intraoperatively. The undigested plant material caused the obstruction. Postoperatively, the plant was identified as Scorzonera papposa. The patient was discharged uneventfully. The elderly patients should avoid semi-cooked vegetables, plants of unknown origin and high-fibre diet.

Radiation exposure from patients treated with radioactive iodine (The whole number of household contacts less than 18 years was 99, out of them 49 ≤ 12 years. CRE level to children and adolescents ranged from 79 to 934 uSv. The mean, median, and 75th percentile figures were 284 ± 178 uSv, 215 uSv, and 334 uSv, respectively. The compliance of this group of contacts to radiation exposure constraint (1 mSv) was 100%. All CRE values were below this figure with 75% of them below half of this constraint. Thirteen adolescents from 12 to 18 years and 17 mothers of 23 household contacts ≤ 12 years got radiation safety instructions (RSI) directly from a radiation safety officer (RSO). This group had a significantly lower mean CRE value (184 ± 93 uSv) compared to those who got RSI from the patient or from other family members (298 ± 185 uSv) with a significant p value.The compliance of adolescents and children to the 1-mSv radiation exposure constraint is 100%. It is advised for adolescents and mothers of children in contact with

The aim of this study was to assess ablation outcome after a second ablation dose and compare the ablation rate after low and high reablation doses of iodine-131 ((131)I) after failure of the first ablation with 3700 MBq.The study included 81 patients with papillary thyroid cancer; they failed to achieve complete ablation after a first ablative dose of 3700 MBq. Their first follow-up (131)I whole-body scan carried out 6-9 months after ablation showed small residual functioning tissue in the thyroid bed, with no functioning metastases. This is associated with unsuppressed serum thyroglobulin level (Tg) higher than 2 ng/ml. The patients received a second ablation dose, which was low (1110 MBq) in 37 patients and high in the remaining 44 patients (2960 MBq in 36 patients and 3700 MBq in eight patients). A whole-body scan and Tg level assessment were carried out 6-9 months later. The criteria for complete ablation included absence of residual functioning thyroid tissue and a Tg level lower than 2 ng/ml.The overall successful complete ablation rate after the second reablation dose was 75%. This was achieved in 27 of 37 patients (73%) who received a low reablation dose and in 34 of 44 patients (77%) who received a high reablation dose; no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (P0.05).In patients with papillary thyroid cancer who failed to achieve complete ablation after the first ablation dose of 3700 MBq, the overall complete ablation rate after both a low and a high second (131)I dose was 75%, with no statistically significant difference in ablation rate between low (1110 MBq) and high (2960 and 3700 MBq) doses (73 and 77%, respectively).

Vitamin D status affects musculoskeletal health. More recently, the nonmusculoskeletal actions of vitamin D have become increasingly documented including endocrine effect on kidneys and intestine, local autocrine effects on cell differentiation, proliferation and immune modulation, and cell membrane effects including promotion of the intestinal absorption of calcium and the secretion of insulin.This article discusses the actions, sources and measurement of vitamin D, and the treatment of established deficiency. It explores what is known about vitamin D, what remains to be discovered, and how clinicians should manage their patients in the interim.Vitamin D is produced by the same solar radiation that causes skin cancer and aging. Levels in breast milk are low in vitamin depleted breastfeeding women. Despite these realities, there is an opportunity to use existing public health messages to treat the widespread deficiency of vitamin D.