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2. Effect of fluoxetine treatment on neurotoxicity induced by lysolecithin in male rats

Author

Gholami, Elham, Gholami, Mohammad Reza, Tavakoli, Asadollah, Ahmadi, Mahdie, Rezaian, Jafar, Alipour, Maryam, Chehelcheraghi, Farzaneh, and Khaksarian, Mojtaba

Subjects
Fluoxetine -- Dosage and administration -- Physiological aspects, Demyelinating diseases -- Models -- Drug therapy -- Development and progression, Biological sciences
Abstract

Demyelination disorder is an unusual pathologic event, which occurs in the central nervous system (CNS). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects the CNS, and it is the leading cause of disability in young adults. Lysolecithin (LPC) is one of the best toxin-induced demyelination models. In this study, a suitable model is created, and the effect of fluoxetine treatment is examined on this model. In this case, it was assumed that daily fluoxetine treatment had increased the endogenous remyelination in the LPC model. This study was focused on investigating the influence of the fluoxetine dose of 5 or 10 mg/kg per day for 1 and 4 weeks on LPC-induced neurotoxicity in the corpus callosum region. It was performed as a demyelinating model in male Wistar rats. After 3 days, fluoxetine was injected intraperitoneally (5 or 10 mg/kg per day) for 1 and 4 weeks in each group. After completing the treatment course, the corpus callosum was removed to examine the gene expression and histological analysis was performed. The results of the histopathological study of hematoxylin and eosin staining of the corpus callosum showed that in 1 and 4-week treatment groups, fluoxetine has reduced the level of inflammation at the LPC injection site (5 and 10 mg/kg per day). Fluoxetine treatment in the luxol fast blue (LFB) staining of the corpus callosum has been led to an increase in myelination capacity in all doses and times. The results of the genetic study showed that the fluoxetine has significantly reduced the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-[alpha], nuclear factor [kappa][beta], and induced nitric oxide synthase in comparison with the untreated LPC group. Also, the fluoxetine treatment has enhanced the expression level of the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) gene in comparison with the untreated group. Fluoxetine has increased the expression level of myelination and neurotrophic genes such as myelin basic protein (MBP), oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The outcomes demonstrated that fluoxetine reduces inflammation and strengthens the endogenous myelination in the LPC-induced demyelination model; however, supplementary studies are required for specifying the details of its mechanisms. Key words: fluoxetine, demyelination, lysolecithin. La maladie demyelinisante est un evenement pathologique inhabituel, qui survient dans le systeme nerveux central (SNC). La sclerose en plaques (SP) fait partie des maladies demyelinisantes inflammatoires qui affectent le SNC et elle represente la principale cause d'incapacite chez les jeunes adultes. La lysolecithine (LPC) constitue l'un des meilleurs modeles de demyelinisation engendree par des toxines. Dans cette etude, nous avons realise un modele approprie a partir duquel nous avons examine l'effet de l'administration de fluoxetine. Dans ce cas, on assumait que l'administration quotidienne de fluoxetine avait entraine une augmentation de la remyelinisation endogene dans le modele de lysolecithine. Cette etude etait centree sur l'influence de la fluoxetine a 5/10 mg/kg/jour pendant 1 et 4 semaines de neurotoxicite engendree par la lysolecithine dans la region du corps calleux. Nous l'avons realisee comme modele de demyelinisation chez des rats Wistar males. Apres une attente de trois jours, nous avons injecte de la fluoxetine par voie intraperitoneale (5/10 mg/kg/jour) pendant une ou quatre semaines dans chaque groupe. Une fois la phase d'administration terminee, nous avons preleve le corps calleux en vue d'examiner l'expression genique et de proceder a une etude histologique. Les resultats de l'etude histopathologique avec la coloration a l'hematoxyline-eosine dans le corps calleux ont montre que dans les groupes d'administration sur une et quatre semaines, la fluoxetine permettait de faire diminuer le degre d'inflammation au point d'injection de la lysolecithine (5 et 10 mg/kg/jour). L'administration de fluoxetine sous coloration du corps calleux a l'aide de la coloration au bleu de luxol rapide (LFB) a mene a une augmentation de la capacite de myelinisation a toutes les doses et sur toutes les periodes. Les resultats de l'etude genetique ont montre que la fluoxetine entrainait une diminution des taux d'expression du facteur de necrose tumorale [alpha], du facteur nucleaire kappa beta, et favorisait la production d'oxyde nitrique synthase inductible de facon nettement plus marquee que dans le groupe LPC sans administration du medicament. De plus, l'administration de fluoxetine permettait de faire augmenter les taux d'expression du gene FOXP3 (pour << forkhead box P3 >>) davantage que dans le groupe sans administration du medicament. La fluoxetine entramait une augmentation des taux d'expression de genes de la myelinisation et neurotropes comme la proteine basale de la myeline (MBP), le facteur de transcription des oligodendrocytes 2 (OLIG2) et le facteur neurotrope derive du cerveau (BDNF). Les resultats ont montre que la fluoxetine entrame une diminution de l'inflammation et une amplification de la myelinisation endogene dans le modele de demyelinisation engendree par la lysolecithine. Cependant, des etudes supplementaires seraient necessaires en vue de preciser les details de ses modes d'action. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: fluoxetine, demyelinisation, lysolecithine., Introduction Demyelination disorder is an unusual pathologic event in the central nervous system (CNS), which may result in remyelination. The remyelination leads to the replacement of injured myelin at distances [...]

Published
2022
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5. The global, regional, and national burden of colorectal cancer and its attributable risk factors in 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Safiri, Saeid, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Ikuta, Kevin S, Bisignano, Catherine, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Delavari, Alireza, Ansari, Reza, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Merat, Shahin, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Force, Lisa M, Nixon, Molly R, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Afarideh, Mohsen, Ahmadi, Ayat, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Alahdab, Fares, Ali, Raghib, Alikhani, Mahtab, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almadi, Majid Abdulrahman Hamad, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amini, Saeed, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Arabloo, Jalal, Arefi, Zohreh, Asghari Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Azadmehr, Abbas, Badawi, Alaa, Baheiraei, Nafiseh, Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Basaleem, Huda, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Belayneh, Yaschilal Muche, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Biondi, Antonio, Bjørge, Tone, Borzì, Antonio M, Bosetti, Cristina, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R., Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Félix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Cerin, Ester, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chido-Amajuoyi, Onyema Greg, Daryani, Ahmad, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Desai, Rupak, Dianati nasab, Mostafa, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Sayed, Iman, Elbarazi, Iffat, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Esmaeilzadeh, Firooz, Esteghamati, Alireza, Etemadi, Arash, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroutan, Masoud, Gad, Mohamed M, Gallus, Silvano, Ghaseni-Kebria, Fatemeh, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Gorini, Giuseppe, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hasanpour-Heidari, Susan, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hay, Simon I, Hoang, Chi Linh, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Househ, Mowafa, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islami, Farhad, Jaca, Anelisa, Jafari Balalami, Nader, Jafari delouei, Nastaran, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, James, Spencer L., Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Joukar, Farahnaz, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassaw, Mesfin Wudu, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaee-Pool, Maryam, Khazaei, Salman, Khosravi Shadmani, Fatemeh, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kim, Daniel, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kopec, Jacek A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kuipers, Ernst J., Kumar, Vivek, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lopez, Alan D, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Majeed, Azeem, Majidinia, Maryam, Manafi, Amir, Manafi, Navid, Manda, Ana-Laura, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Mehta, Dhruv, Meier, Toni, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Mendoza, Walter, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miazgowski, Bartosz, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Naser, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradpour, Farhad, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Nahvijou, Azin, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nazari, Javad, Negoi, Ionut, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Pana, Adrian, Pereira, David M., Pirestani, Majid, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Qorbani, Mostafa, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rahmati, Marveh, Rajati, Fatemeh, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Reiner, Robert C, Jr., Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Nima, Rezapour, Aziz, Saad, Anas M, Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Saddik, Basema, Salehi, Farkhonde, Salehi Zahabi, Saleh, Salz, Inbal, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarveazad, Arash, Satpathy, Maheswar, Schneider, Ione J C, Sekerija, Mario, Shaahmadi, Faramarz, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Shamsizadeh, Morteza, Sharafi, Zeinab, Sharif, Mehdi, Sharifi, Amrollah, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Shirkoohi, Reza, Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Sisay, Mekonnen, Smarandache, Catalin-Gabriel, Soofi, Moslem, Soreide, Kjetil, Soshnikov, Sergey, Starodubov, Vladimir I., Subart, Michelle L., Sullman, Mark JM, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Taherkhani, Amir, Tesfay, Berhe etsay, Topor-Madry, Roman, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Ullah, Irfan, Uthman, Olalekan A, Vacante, Marco, Vahedian-Azimi, Amir, Valli, Alessandro, Varavikova, Elena, Vujcic, Isidora S, Westerman, Ronny, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid, Yisma, Engida, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zahirian Moghadam, Telma, Zaki, Leila, Zandian, Hamed, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Murray, Christopher J L, Naghavi, Mohsen, and Malekzadeh, Reza

Published
2019
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11. The efficacy of Crocus sativus (Saffron) versus placebo and Fluoxetine in treating depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Khaksarian,Mojtaba, Behzadifar,Masoud, Behzadifar,Meysam, Alipour,Maryam, Jahanpanah,Firouzeh, Re,Tania Simona, Firenzuoli,Fabio, Zerbetto,Riccardo, and Bragazzi,Nicola Luigi

Subjects
meta-analysis, Saffron, systematic review, Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Fluoxetine, depression, Original Research
Abstract

Mojtaba Khaksarian,1,2 Masoud Behzadifar,1 Meysam Behzadifar,3,4 Maryam Alipour,5 Firouzeh Jahanpanah,3 Tania Simona Re,6–8 Fabio Firenzuoli,6 Riccardo Zerbetto,7 Nicola Luigi Bragazzi7–101Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; 2Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; 3Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; 4Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; 5Faculty of Biological Science & Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 6Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center for Integrative Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; 7Centro Studi Terapia della Gestalt (CSTG), Milan, Italy; 8UNESCO Chair “Health Anthropology Biosphere and Healing Systems”, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; 9Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; 10Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Maternal/Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyBackground: Depression represents a serious public health concern, imposing a high burden, both in epidemiological and clinical terms. Crocus sativus (Saffron) is a herbal remedy that has anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet properties. However, the exact mechanisms of Saffron in treating depression are not yet clear. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Saffron versus placebo and Fluoxetine in the treatment of depressed patients.Methods: Different bibliographic thesauri, namely the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), EMBASE, and ISI/Web of Science (WoS) were searched up to May 2018. Effect sizes were computed as Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). To evaluate the heterogeneity among the studies, I2, test was carried out.Results: Eight studies were included. The SMD was −0.86 (95% CI: −1.73 to 0.00) concerning the comparison of Saffron with placebo. The SMD was found to be 0.11 (95% CI: −0.20 to 0.43) concerning the comparison of Saffron with Fluoxetine. In both sensitivity analyses, the results did not statistically change, confirming the stability of the findings.Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that Saffron administration was well comparable with Fluoxetine and placebo.Keywords: systematic review, meta-analysis, Saffron, Fluoxetine, depression

Published
2019

13. A Comparison of Methylphenidate (MPH) and Combined Methylphenidate with Crocus sativus (Saffron) in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-Group, Clinical Trial

Author

Khaksarian, Mojtaba, primary, Ahangari, Nazanin, additional, Masjedi-Arani, Abbas, additional, Mirr, Iman, additional, Jafari, Hassan, additional, Kordian, Saeed, additional, Nooripour, Roghieh, additional, and Hassanvandi, Saba, additional

Published
2021
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15. Protective Effects of Honey, Apis mellifera Meda Skorikov, on Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Muscle Injury

Author

Gholami, Mohammad Reza, Abbaszadeh, Abolfazl, Anbari, Khatereh, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Shabooni, Fatemeh, Khayat, Zahra Khanipour, Khorramabadi, Reza Mohammadrezaei, and Gharravi, Anneh Mohammad

Subjects
Gastrocnemius Muscle, Ischemia-reperfusion Injury, Lesión por isquemiareperfusión, Rat, Honey, Miel, Músculo gastrocnemio, Rata
Abstract

SUMMARY: Honey is a natural antioxidant that its protective effects have been proven against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Persian Honey, Apis mellifera meda skorikov, on gastrocnemius muscle IR injury. Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were used. They were divided into ten groups (N=8 per group). The ischemia was conducted with a silk suture 6-0 using the slipknot technique. All groups were rendered in ischemic for 3 h, and reperfused for various times of 3 days (3-day reperfusion), 7 days (7-day reperfusion), 14 days (14-day reperfusion), and 28 days (28-day reperfusion). Half of the groups had experimental honey (5 %) treatment immediately after ischemia. After reperfusion, the rats, based on the grouping, were killed with high doses of anesthetic, and the gastrocnemius muscles were removed and fixed. After the tissue processing, the evaluation of edema and mast cells infiltration was performed with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining, respectively. TNF-α was detected with immunohistochemistry method. The amount of TNF-α as an index of acute inflammatory except the 3rd day significantly decreased on the other day of reperfusion (7th, 147th and 287th days). The mast cells infiltration was significantly decreased on 77th and 147th days. The tissue edema was decreased significantly in honey administrated group in the comparison with placebo groups. Honey administration can reduce damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. RESUMEN: La miel es un antioxidante natural; sus efectos protectores han sido probados contra la lesión por isquemiareperfusión (IR). El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de mejora de la miel persa Apis mellifera meda skorikov, en la lesión por IR del músculo gastrocnemio. Se utilizaron 80 ratas Sprague-Dawley macho adultas con un peso entre 250 y 300 g divididas en diez grupos (N = 8 por grupo). La isquemia se realizó con una sutura de seda 6-0 utilizando la técnica slipknot permaneciendo isquémicos durante 3 h. La reperfusión se realizó durante varios tiempos de 3 días, 7 días (reperfusión de 7 días), 14 días (reperfusión de 14 días) y 28 días (28 días reperfusión). La mitad de los grupos recibió tratamiento experimental con miel (5 %) inmediatamente después de la isquemia. Después de la reperfusión, las ratas, fueron sacrificadas con altas dosis de anestésico, y los músculos gastrocnemios fueron removidos y fijados. Después de procesar el tejido, se realizó la evaluación del edema y la infiltración de mastocitos se realizó con tinción de hematoxilina-eosina y azul de toluidina, respectivamente. TNF-α se detectó con el método de inmunohistoquímica. La cantidad de TNF-α como índice de inflamación inflamatoria aguda, excepto en el tercer día, disminuyó significativamente al día siguiente de la reperfusión (7, 14 y 28 días). La infiltración de mastocitos disminuyó significativamente a los 7 y 14 días. El edema tisular disminuyó significativamente en el grupo administrado con miel en comparación con los grupos placebo. El tratamiento con miel puede reducir el daño causado por la isquemia-reperfusión en el músculo gastrocnemio de la rata.

Published
2020

18. The role of vasopressin V1A and oxytocin OTR receptors in protective effects of arginine vasopressin against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in H9C2 cells.

Author

Ghorbanzadeh, Vajihe, Jafarpour, Afsaneh, Pirnia, Afshin, Pajouhi, Naser, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Veiskarami, Saeed, and Nazari, Afshin

Subjects
OXYTOCIN receptors, OXIDATIVE stress, VASOPRESSIN, CELL receptors, CELL death, WESTERN immunoblotting, CELL survival
Abstract

Oxidative stress, has been shown to play an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiac remodelling and heart failure. The aim of study is effect of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on apoptosis of cardiomyocyte via its receptors. The cell viability effect of AVP in H9C2 cardiomyocytes was assayed using the MTT method. The transcription and translation level of apoptosis genes (Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3) were discovered with qRT-PCR and western blotting. The results showed that vasopressin could reduce apoptosis in cardiomyocytes cell line through downregulation of caspase-3, BAX and upregulation of Bcl-2 (p <.001). Also, there was a decrease in anti-apoptosis effect of vasopressin when V1A and OTR receptors were blocked with their antagonists. These results suggest that activation of V1A and OTR receptors in H9C2 cells mediate protective effect of vasopressin via regulating apoptosis marker that lead to cell survival under conditions of stress oxidative. AVP may contribute to the improvement of heart ischaemia through its actions on V1A and OTR receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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24. Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

Author

Kinyoki, Damaris K., Ross, Jennifer M., Lazzar-Atwood, Alice, Munro, Sandra B., Schaeffer, Lauren E., Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh, Abbasi, Masoumeh, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abdoli, Amir, Abdollahi, Mohammad, Abdollahpour, Ibrahim, Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi, Abebe, Nebiyu Dereje, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abreu, Lucas Guimarães, Abrigo, Michael R. M., Abushouk, Abdelrahman I., Accrombessi, Manfred Mario Kokou, Acharya, Dilaram, Adabi, Maryam, Adebiyi, Akindele Olupelumi, Adedeji, Isaac Akinkunmi, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeoye, Abiodun Moshood, Adetokunboh, Olatunji O., Adham, Davoud, Aduroja, Posi Emmanuel, Advani, Shailesh M., Afarideh, Mohsen, Aghaali, Mohammad, Agrawal, Anurag, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Rushdia, Ajumobi, Olufemi, Akal, Chalachew Genet, Akalu, Temesgen Yihunie, Akinyemiju, Tomi, Akombi, Blessing, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Samiah, Alamene, Genet Melak, Alanzi, Turki M., Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde, Alema, Niguse Meles, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Muhammad, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Alinia, Cyrus, Alipour, Vahid, Alizade, Hesam, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Almasi, Afshin, Almasi-Hashiani, Amir, Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M., Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M., Altirkawi, Khalid, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J., Amare, Azmeraw T., Amegah, Adeladza Kofi, Amini, Saeed, Rarani, Mostafa Amini, Amiri, Fatemeh, Amit, Arianna Maever Loreche, Anber, Nahla Hamed, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Ansari, Fereshteh, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Anteneh, Zelalem Alamrew, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T., Antriyandarti, Ernoiz, Anvari, Davood, Anwer, Razique, Appiah, Seth Christopher Yaw, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Araya, Ephrem Mebrahtu, Arefi, Zohreh, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Arzani, Afsaneh, Asadi-Aliabadi, Mehran, Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., Asgari, Samaneh, Asghari, Babak, Ashagre, Alebachew Fasil, Asrat, Anemaw A., Ataeinia, Bahar, Atalay, Hagos Tasew, Atnafu, Desta Debalkie, Atout, Maha Moh’d Wahbi, Ausloos, Marcel, Avokpaho, Euripide F. G. A., Awasthi, Ashish, Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina Ayala, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Aynalem, Yared A. Asmare, Azadmehr, Abbas, Azari, Samad, Azarian, Ghasem, Azene, Zelalem Nigussie, Babaee, Ebrahim, Badawi, Alaa, Badiye, Ashish D., Bahrami, Mohamad Amin, Baig, Atif Amin A., Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakkannavar, Shankar M., Balakrishnan, Senthilkumar, Bali, Ayele Geleto, Banach, Maciej, Banik, Palash Chandra, Baradaran-Seyed, Zahra, Baraki, Adhanom Gebreegziabher, Barboza, Miguel A., Bärnighausen, Till Winfried, Barua, Lingkan, Basaleem, Huda, Basu, Sanjay, Bayati, Mohsen, Bayih, Mulat Tirfie, Baynes, Habtamu Wondifraw, Bedi, Neeraj, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Yibeltal Alemu, Bennett, Derrick A., Berbada, Dessalegn Ajema, Berhe, Kidanemaryam, Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam, Berman, Adam E., Bernstein, Robert S., Bhageerathy, Reshmi, Bhandari, Dinesh, Bharadwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V., Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Bilano, Ver, Bililign, Nigus, Sayeed, Muhammad Shahdaat Bin, Birara, Setognal, Birhane, Minuye Biniam Biniam, Birhanu, Minyichil, Biswas, Raaj Kishore, Bitew, Zebenay Workneh, Bogale, Kassawmar Angaw, Bohlouli, Somayeh, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Borzì, Antonio M., Borzouei, Shiva, Brady, Oliver J., Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, Braithwaite, Dejana, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Britton, Gabrielle, Budhathoki, Shyam S., Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina, Busse, Reinhard, Butt, Zahid A., Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Campos-Nonato, Ismael R., Cano, Jorge, Car, Josip, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan J., Carvalho, Félix, Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A., Castro, Franz, Cerin, Ester, Chansa, Collins, Charan, Jaykaran, Chatterjee, Pranab, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chauhan, Bal Govind, Chavshin, Ali Reza, Chehrazi, Mohammad, Chichiabellu, Tesfaye Yitna, Chin, Ken Lee, Christopher, Devasahayam J., Chu, Dinh-Toi, Cicuttini, Flavia M., Collison, Michael L., Cork, Michael A., Cormier, Natalie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Costa, Vera M., Dadi, Abel Fekadu Fekadu, Dagnew, Baye, Dahlawi, Saad M. A., Damiani, Giovanni, Darwish, Amira Hamed, Daryani, Ahmad, Das, Jai K., Gupta, Rajat Das, Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Leo, Diego De, Neve, Jan-Walter De, Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen, Demis, Asmamaw Bizuneh, Demissie, Dereje Bayissa, Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Deribe, Kebede, Desai, Rupak, Desalegn, Beruk Berhanu, Desalew, Assefa, Deshpande, Aniruddha, Dey, Sagnik, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhillon, Preeti, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dhungana, Govinda Prasad, Nasab, Mostafa Dianati, Diaz, Daniel, Forooshani, Zahra Sadat Dibaji, Dinsa, Girmaye Deye, Dipeolu, Isaac Oluwafemi, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Hoa Thi, Do, Huyen Phuc, Doku, Paul Narh, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshmangir, Leila, Dubey, Manisha, Adema, Bereket Duko, Dunachie, Susanna J., Duncan, Bruce B., Cousin, Ewerton, Durães, Andre R., Earl, Lucas, Leylabadlo, Hamed Ebrahimzadeh, Eftekhari, Aziz, El Sayed, Iman, El Sayed Zaki, Maysaa, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elemineh, Demelash Abewa, El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I., El-Khatib, Ziad, Elsharkawy, Aisha, El-Sherbiny, Yasser Mohamed, Elyazar, Iqbal R. F., Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Enany, Shymaa, Endalew, Daniel Adane, Endalifer, Melese Linger, Eskandari, Khalil, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esmaeilnejad, Saman, Esteghamati, Alireza, Etemadi, Arash, Etisso, Atkilt Esaiyas, Fanzo, Jessica, Farahmand, Mohammad, Faraj, Anwar, Farashi, Sajjad, Fareed, Mohammad, Farioli, Andrea, Faro, Andre, Farzadfar, Farshad, Farzam, Hossein, Fatima, Syeda Sadia, Fattahi, Nazir, Fauk, Nelsensius Klau, Fazaeli, Ali Akbar, Fentahun, Netsanet, Ferede, Tomas Y., Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C., Feyissa, Garumma Tolu, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Flohr, Carsten, Foigt, Nataliya A., Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin, Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich, Foroutan, Masoud, Förster, Jana, Francis, Joel Msafiri, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gayesa, Reta Tsegaye, Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremariam, Hadush, Gebremariam, Kidane Tadesse, Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork Bizuwork, Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn, Gebreslassie, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew, Gebretsadik, Gebretsadkan G. G., Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze, Geramo, Yilma Chisha Dea, Gesesew, Hailay Abrha, Geta, Birhanu, Getenet, Agegnehu Bante, Gezae, Kebede Embaye, Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghajar, Alireza, Ghajarzadeh, Mahsa, Ghashghaee, Ahmad, Ghiasvand, Hesam, Gholamian, Asadollah, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Tiffany K., Ginawi, Ibrahim Abdelmageed, Goli, Srinivas, Gomes, Nelson G. M., Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goudarzi, Houman, Goulart, Alessandra C., Govindakarnavar, Arunkumar, Grada, Ayman, Grivna, Michal, Guimarães, Rafael Alves, Guled, Rashid Abdi, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Haile, Michael Tamene, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Haj-Mirzaian, Arya, Hall, Brian J., Halvaei, Iman, Hamadeh, Randah R., Hamidi, Yadollah, Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes, Hankey, Graeme J., Haririan, Hamidreza, Hariyani, Ninuk, Hasaballah, Ahmed I., Hasan, Md. Mehedi, Hasankhani, Milad, Hasanpoor, Edris, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Hashemian, Maryam, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawkes, Corinna, Hayat, Khezar, Hayelom, Desta Haftu, Heidari, Behnam, Heidari-Soureshjani, Reza, Hendrie, Delia, Henok, Andualem, Henry, Nathaniel J., Herrero, Mario, Herteliu, Claudiu, Heydarpour, Fatemeh, de Hidru, Hagos D., Hoang, Chi Linh, Hoek, Hans W., Hole, Michael K., Holla, Ramesh, Hollerich, Gillian, Rad, Enayatollah Homaie, Hong, Sung Hwi, Hoogar, Praveen, Horino, Masako, Hossain, Naznin, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Hsairi, Mohamed, Hu, Guoqing, Huda, Tanvir M., Humayun, Ayesha, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Milena D., Imani-Nasab, Mohammad Hasan, Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja, Iqbal, Usman, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwu, Chidozie C. D., Iwu, Chinwe Juliana, Izadi, Neda, Jaafari, Jalil, Jaca, Anelisa, Jadidi-Niaragh, Farhad, Balalami, Nader Jafari, Jafarinia, Morteza, Jahani, Mohammad Ali, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalali, Amir, Jalilian, Farzad, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jehan, Fyezah, Jenabi, Ensiyeh, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Ji, John S., Jia, Peng, John, Oommen, John-Akinola, Yetunde O., Johnson, Kimberly B., Jonas, Jost B., Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jungari, Suresh Banayya, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kabir, Zubair, Kahsay, Amaha, Kahssay, Molla, Kalani, Hamed, Kalankesh, Leila L., Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamiab, Zahra, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kapil, Umesh, Kapoor, Neeti, Karami, Manoochehr, Matin, Behzad Karami, Karch, André, Karim, Mohd A., Karki, Surendra, Kasaeian, Amir, Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie, Kasaye, Habtamu Kebebe, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin, Kassebaum, Nicholas J., Karyani, Ali Kazemi, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Khalid, Nauman, Khalil, Ibrahim A., Khalilov, Rovshan, Khan, Asad, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Mohammad Saud, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Khatab, Khaled, Khater, Amir, Khater, Mona M., Khatib, Mahalqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khazaei-Pool, Maryam, Khazaei, Mohammad, Khazaei, Salman, Khodayari, Mohammad Taghi, Khosravi, Mohammad Hossein, Khundkar, Roba, Kiadaliri, Ali, Kianipour, Neda, Kiirithio, Daniel N., Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W., Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Kolola, Tufa, Komaki, Hamidreza, Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K. M., Koolivand, Ali, Koul, Parvaiz A., Koyanagi, Ai, Kraemer, Moritz U. G., Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kris J., Kugbey, Nuworza, Kumar, Manasi, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kumar, Vivek, Kurmi, Om P., Kuti, Oluwatosin, Vecchia, Carlo La, Lacey, Ben, Lad, Deepesh P., Lal, Aparna, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lami, Faris Hasan, Lamichhane, Prabhat, Lang, Justin J., Lansingh, Van C., Lasrado, Savita, Lebedev, Georgy, Lee, Paul H., Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Leili, Mostafa, Letourneau, Ian D., Lewycka, Sonia, Li, Shanshan, Lim, Lee-Ling, Linn, Shai, Liu, Shiwei, Liu, Simin, Lodha, Rakesh, Longbottom, Joshua, Lopez, Jaifred Christian F., Lorkowski, Stefan, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Madadin, Mohammed, El Razek, Hassan Magdy Abd, El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd, Maghavani, Dhaval P., Mahasha, Phetole Walter, Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur, Maled, Venkatesh, Maleki, Afshin, Maleki, Shokofeh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Manafi, Ali, Manafi, Farzad, Manafi, Navid, Manohar, Narendar Dawanu, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mapoma, Chabila Christopher, Marami, Dadi, Marczak, Laurie B., Arnedo, Carlos Alberto Marrugo, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Masaka, Anthony, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Maulik, Pallab K., Mayala, Benjamin K., Mazidi, Mohsen, Mehndiratta, Man Mohan, Mehri, Freshteh, Mehta, Kala M., Meitei, Wahengbam Bigyananda, Mekonnen, Fantahun Ayenew, Mekonnen, Teferi, Meles, Gebrekiros Gebremichael, Meles, Hagazi Gebre, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mengesha, Meresa Berwo, Mensah, George A., Meretoja, Tuomo J., Miazgowski, Tomasz, Kostova, Neda Milevska, Miller, Ted R., Mills, Edward J., Mini, G. K., Mir, Seyed Mostafa, Miri, Mohammad, Mirjalali, Hamed, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M., Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Maryam, Mirzaei, Roya, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi, Mithra, Prasanna, Moazen, Babak, Mohamadi, Efat, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, Amjad, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammad, Yousef, Mohammad, Dara K., Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Mezerji, Naser Mohammad Gholi, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, Mousa, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Milad, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Salahuddin, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohammed, Jemal Abdu, Mohammed, Ammas Siraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Mokari, Amin, Mokdad, Ali H., Montañez, Julio Cesar, Montero-Zamora, Pablo A., Moodley, Yoshan, Moossavi, Maryam, Moradi, Ghobad, Moradi, Masoud, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi-Joo, Mohammad, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moradpour, Farhad, Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah, Moraga, Paula, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Mosapour, Abbas, Mosser, Jonathan F., Mouodi, Simin, Khaneghah, Amin Mousavi, Mozaffarian, Dariush, Mueller, Ulrich Otto, Murray, Christopher J. L., Murthy, G. V. S., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nabavizadeh, Behnam, Naderi, Mehdi, Nadkarni, Girish N., Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta, Najafi, Farid, Nansseu, Jobert Richie, Narayan, K. M. Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Nayak, Vinod, Nazari, Javad, Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Ngunjiri, Josephine W., Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi, Nigatu, Dabere, Nigatu, Yeshambel T., Nikbakhsh, Rajan, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nnaji, Chukwudi A., Nong, Vuong Minh, Noubiap, Jean Jacques, Nowak, Christoph, Oancea, Bogdan, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Oladnabi, Morteza, Olagunju, Andrew T., Olagunju, Tinuke O., Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Oluwasanu, Mojisola Morenike, Omer, Muktar Omer, Onwujekwe, Obinna E., Asante, Kwaku Oppong, Oren, Eyal, Orisakwe, Orish Ebere, Ortiz, Alberto, Osarenotor, Osayomwanbo, Osgood-Zimmerman, Aaron E., Owolabi, Mayowa Ojo, P. A., Mahesh, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Parsian, Hadi, Pashaei, Tahereh, Pasupula, Deepak Kumar, Patel, Sangram Kishor, Pathak, Ashish, Pathak, Mona, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C., Paulos, Kebreab, Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino, Perico, Norberto, Petri, William A., Pickering, Brandon V., Pigott, David M., Pirestani, Majid, Piroozi, Bakhtiar, Pirsaheb, Meghdad, Pokhrel, Khem Narayan, Postma, Maarten J., Pourjafar, Hadi, Pourmalek, Farshad, Kalhori, Reza Pourmirza, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Prada, Sergio I., Preotescu, Liliana, Pribadi, Dimas Ria Angga, Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali, Rajati, Fatemeh, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Saleem Muhammad, Ranabhat, Chhabi Lal, Rao, Sowmya J., Rasella, Davide, Rashedi, Vahid, Rastogi, Prateek, Rathi, Priya, Rawaf, Salman, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawal, Lal, Ray, Sarah E., Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renjith, Vishnu, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaeian, Shahab, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Rezapour, Aziz, Riahi, Seyed Mohammad, Ribeiro, Ana Isabel, Rickard, Jennifer, Rodriguez, Alina, Roever, Leonardo, Roro, Elias Merdassa, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Rubagotti, Enrico, Saad, Anas M., Saadatagah, Seyedmohammad, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sabour, Siamak, Sadeghi, Ehsan, Sadeghi, Masoumeh, Safari, Saeed, Safari, Yahya, Safarpour, Hamid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, S. Mohammad, Salahshoor, Mohammad Reza, Salam, Nasir, Salehi, Farkhonde, Zahabi, Saleh Salehi, Salem, Hosni, Salem, Marwa R. 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Departamento de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-IP), Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Clinicum, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Department of Earth Observation Science, UT-I-ITC-ACQUAL, Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, Sálfræðideild (HR), Department of Psychology (RU), Samfélagssvið (HR), School of Social Sciences (RU), Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavik University, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (ISS-FJD), Kinyoki, D, Ross, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Munro, S, Schaeffer, L, Abbasalizad-Farhangi, M, Abbasi, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulkader, R, Abebe, N, Abebo, T, Abegaz, K, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abushouk, A, Accrombessi, M, Acharya, D, Adabi, M, Adebiyi, A, Adedeji, I, Adekanmbi, V, Adeoye, A, Adetokunboh, O, Adham, D, Aduroja, P, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Aghaali, M, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, R, Ajumobi, O, Akal, C, Akalu, T, Akinyemiju, T, Akombi, B, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, S, Alamene, G, Alanzi, T, Rabanal, J, Alema, N, Ali, B, Ali, M, Alijanzadeh, M, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Aljunid, S, Almasi, A, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Alvis-Zakzuk, N, Amare, A, Amegah, A, Amini, S, Rarani, M, Amiri, F, Amit, A, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Ansari, F, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anteneh, Z, Antonio, C, Antriyandarti, E, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Araya, E, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Arnlov, J, Arzani, A, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asgari, S, Asghari, B, Ashagre, A, Asrat, A, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Azadmehr, A, Azari, S, Azarian, G, Azene, Z, Babaee, E, Badawi, A, Badiye, A, Bahrami, M, Baig, A, Bakhtiari, A, Bakkannavar, S, Balakrishnan, S, Bali, A, Banach, M, Banik, P, Baradaran-Seyed, Z, Baraki, A, Barboza, M, Barnighausen, T, Barua, L, Basaleem, H, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bayih, M, Baynes, H, Bedi, N, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, Y, Bennett, D, Berbada, D, Berhe, K, Berhe, A, Berman, A, Bernstein, R, Bhageerathy, R, Bhandari, D, Bharadwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Bilano, V, Bililign, N, Sayeed, M, Birara, S, Birhane, M, Birhanu, M, Biswas, R, Bitew, Z, Bogale, K, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borzi, A, Borzouei, S, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Britton, G, Budhathoki, S, Nagaraja, S, Busse, R, Butt, Z, Cahuana-Hurtado, L, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Cano, J, Car, J, Cardenas, R, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castro, F, Cerin, E, Chansa, C, Charan, J, Chatterjee, P, Chattu, V, Chauhan, B, Chavshin, A, Chehrazi, M, Chichiabellu, T, Chin, K, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Cicuttini, F, Collison, M, Cork, M, Cormier, N, Cortesi, P, Costa, V, Dadi, A, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das, J, Gupta, R, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davis Weaver, N, Leo, D, Neve, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, D, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desalew, A, Deshpande, A, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhillon, P, Dhimal, M, Dhungana, G, Nasab, M, Diaz, D, Forooshani, Z, Dinsa, G, Dipeolu, I, Djalalinia, S, Do, H, Doku, P, Dorostkar, F, Doshmangir, L, Dubey, M, Adema, B, Dunachie, S, Duncan, B, Duraes, A, Earl, L, Leylabadlo, H, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elbarazi, I, Elemineh, D, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elsharkawy, A, El-Sherbiny, Y, Elyazar, I, Emamian, M, Enany, S, Endalew, D, Endalifer, M, Eskandari, K, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esteghamati, A, Etemadi, A, Etisso, A, Fanzo, J, Farahmand, M, Faraj, A, Farashi, S, Fareed, M, Farioli, A, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Farzam, H, Fatima, S, Fattahi, N, Fauk, N, Fazaeli, A, Fentahun, N, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Fernandes, J, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Flohr, C, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Forster, J, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gayesa, R, Geberemariyam, B, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremariam, H, Gebremariam, K, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebreslassie, A, Gebretsadik, G, Gedefaw, G, Geramo, Y, Gesesew, H, Geta, B, Getenet, A, Gezae, K, Ghaffarifar, F, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghajarzadeh, M, Ghashghaee, A, Ghiasvand, H, Gholamian, A, Gilani, S, Gill, T, Ginawi, I, Goli, S, Gomes, N, Gopalani, S, Goudarzi, H, Goulart, A, Govindakarnavar, A, Grada, A, Grivna, M, Guimaraes, R, Guled, R, Guo, Y, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, M, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Halvaei, I, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, Y, Handiso, D, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Hariyani, N, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, M, Hasankhani, M, Hasanpoor, E, Hasanzadeh, A, Hashemian, M, Hassanipour, S, Hassen, H, Havmoeller, R, Hawkes, C, Hayat, K, Hayelom, D, Heidari, B, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Hendrie, D, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herrero, M, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, de Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Hoek, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hollerich, G, Rad, E, Hong, S, Hoogar, P, Horino, M, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Housseh, M, Hsairi, M, Hu, G, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hwang, B, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, M, Imani-Nasab, M, Inbaraj, L, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, S, Iwu, C, Izadi, N, Jaafari, J, Jaca, A, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Balalami, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Jalilian, F, Jayatilleke, A, Jeemon, P, Jehan, F, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jia, P, John, O, John-Akinola, Y, Johnson, K, Jonas, J, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kahsay, A, Kahssay, M, Kalani, H, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamiab, Z, Kanchan, T, Kapil, U, Kapoor, N, Karami, M, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karim, M, Karki, S, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, G, Kasaye, H, Kassa, T, Kassaye, H, Kassebaum, N, Karyani, A, Kengne, A, Ketema, D, Khader, Y, Khafaie, M, Khaksarian, M, Khalid, N, Khalil, I, Khalilov, R, Khan, A, Khan, E, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaei-Pool, M, Khazaei, M, Khazaei, S, Khodayari, M, Khosravi, M, Khundkar, R, Kiadaliri, A, Kianipour, N, Kiirithio, D, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kolola, T, Komaki, H, Kondlahalli, S, Koolivand, A, Koul, P, Koyanagi, A, Kraemer, M, Krishan, K, Krohn, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, M, Kumar, P, Kumar, V, Kurmi, O, Kuti, O, Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lad, D, Lal, A, Lal, D, Lami, F, Lamichhane, P, Lang, J, Lansingh, V, Lasrado, S, Lebedev, G, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leili, M, Letourneau, I, Lewycka, S, Li, S, Lim, L, Linn, S, Liu, S, Lodha, R, Longbottom, J, Lopez, J, Lorkowski, S, Macarayan, E, Madadin, M, El Razek, H, El Razek, M, Maghavani, D, Mahasha, P, Mahotra, N, Maled, V, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Malta, D, Manafi, A, Manafi, F, Manafi, N, Manohar, N, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Mapoma, C, Marami, D, Marczak, L, Arnedo, C, Martins-Melo, F, Masaka, A, Massenburg, B, Maulik, P, Mayala, B, Mazidi, M, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Mehta, K, Meitei, W, Mekonnen, F, Mekonnen, T, Meles, G, Meles, H, Melese, A, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, M, Mensah, G, Meretoja, T, Miazgowski, T, Kostova, N, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mini, G, Mir, S, Miri, M, Mirjalali, H, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Mirzaei, R, Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadi, E, Mohamadi-Bolbanabad, A, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Mohammad, D, Darwesh, A, Mezerji, N, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadnia-Afrouzi, M, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, A, Mohebi, F, Mokari, A, Mokdad, A, Montanez, J, Montero-Zamora, P, Moodley, Y, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mosser, J, Mouodi, S, Khaneghah, A, Mozaffarian, D, Mueller, U, Murray, C, Murthy, G, Musa, K, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Nabavizadeh, B, Naderi, M, Nadkarni, G, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nansseu, J, Narayan, K, Nascimento, B, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndwandwe, D, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nguyen, H, Nigatu, D, Nigatu, Y, Nikbakhsh, R, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nong, V, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Oancea, B, Ofori-Asenso, R, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladimeji, O, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Oluwasanu, M, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Asante, K, Oren, E, Orisakwe, O, Ortiz, A, Osarenotor, O, Osgood-Zimmerman, A, Owolabi, M, P. A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Pasupula, D, Patel, S, Pathak, A, Pathak, M, Pati, S, Patle, A, Patton, G, Paulos, K, Toroudi, H, Pepito, V, Perico, N, Petri, W, Pickering, B, Pigott, D, Pirestani, M, Piroozi, B, Pirsaheb, M, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Kalhori, R, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Prada, S, Preotescu, L, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, S, Rai, R, Rajabpour-Sanati, A, Rajati, F, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, S, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rasella, D, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rawal, L, Ray, S, Remuzzi, G, Renjith, V, Renzaho, A, Resnikoff, S, Rezaei, N, Rezaeian, S, Rezai, M, Rezapour, A, Riahi, S, Ribeiro, A, Rickard, J, Rodriguez, A, Roever, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Rubagotti, E, Saad, A, Saadatagah, S, Sabde, Y, Sabour, S, Sadeghi, E, Sadeghi, M, Safari, S, Safari, Y, Safarpour, H, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salahshoor, M, Salam, N, Salehi, F, Zahabi, S, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimi, Y, Salimzadeh, H, Kafil, H, Sambala, E, Samy, A, Santos, I, Jose, B, Saraswathy, S, Sarker, A, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Saxena, S, Sayyah, M, Sbarra, A, Schipp, M, Schmidt, M, Schutte, A, Schwebel, D, Senbeta, A, Senthilkumaran, S, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shalash, A, Shams-Beyranvand, M, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sharif, M, Sharma, R, Shehata, H, Sheikhtaheri, A, Shibuya, K, Shiferaw, W, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shirkoohi, R, Shiue, I, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Siddiqi, T, Sigfusdottir, I, Silva, D, Simonetti, B, Singh, A, Singh, P, Singh, V, Singh, J, Sinha, D, Sintayehu, Y, Sisay, M, Soheili, A, Soleymani, B, Soltani, F, Soltani, S, Soriano, J, Sorrie, M, Soshnikov, S, Soyiri, I, Spotin, A, Sreeramareddy, C, Srivastava, R, Starodubova, A, Sudaryanto, A, Sufiyan, M, Suleria, H, Sulo, G, Sunguya, B, Sykes, B, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, B, Taherkhani, A, Tamirat, K, Tassew, S, Taveira, N, Teklehaimanot, B, Tekulu, G, Temsah, M, Terkawi, A, Tessema, Z, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tlaye, K, Tohidinik, H, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, K, Tripathi, M, Uddin, R, Ullah, I, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Useh, U, Usman, M, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezghasemi, M, Valdez, P, Vanderheide, J, Varavikova, E, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Vasseghian, Y, Veisani, Y, Venkatesh, S, Venketasubramanian, N, Verma, M, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollmer, S, Vukovic, R, Waheed, Y, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Weldesamuel, G, Werdecker, A, Wiangkham, T, Wiens, K, Wijeratne, T, Wolde, H, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Wu, A, Xu, G, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Jabbari, S, Yamada, T, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Youm, Y, Younis, M, Yousefi, Z, Yousof, H, Yu, C, Yusefzadeh, H, Moghadam, T, Zaki, L, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarafshan, H, Zepro, N, Zerfu, T, Zewale, T, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zodpey, S, Zomorodian, K, Zotor, F, Afshin, A, Hay, S, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), and Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD)

Subjects
Male, Local patterns, Double burden, Börn, Research & Experimental Medicine, Sjúkdómseinkenni, DOUBLE BURDEN, Childhood overweight, Lífefnafræði, Læknisfræði, 0302 clinical medicine, Syndemic, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, under 5 years of age, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Geography, Medicine, Research & Experimental, Child, Preschool, Income, GROWTH, AFRICA, medicine.medical_specialty, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, RJ, Medicina, Immunology, education, MODELS, wa_395, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Author Correction, Developing Countries, Poverty, Biology, LBD Double Burden of Malnutrition Collaborators, Demography, Science & Technology, Wasting Syndrome, Public health, MORTALITY, Infant, Næringarskortur, medicine.disease, Obesity, TRENDS, signs and symptoms, Social Class, Risk factors, Sameindalíffræði, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, UNDERNUTRITION, Human medicine, Clinical Medicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Pediatric Obesity, obesity, Offita, Áhættuþættir, Geographic Mapping, Overweight, RA0421, Global health, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Signs and symptoms, Wasting, Malnutrition, Global Burden of Diseases, Global Nutrition, low- and middle-income countries, 2. Zero hunger, 1. No poverty, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, A900 Others in Medicine and Dentistry, Childhood wasting, PREVALENCE, Chemistry, Mapping, Female, Lýðheilsa, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, GROWTH FAILURE, Nutritional Status, malnutrition, ITC-HYBRID, ws_115, children, Environmental health, medicine, Erfðafræði, wd_200, Malnutrition, Infant, Newborn, Klinisk medicin, Cell Biology, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, NA
Abstract

Artículo con numerosos autores, sólo se mencionan el primero, los de la UAM y grupo colectivo, A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of, This work was primarily supported by grant OPP1132415 from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation awarded to S.I.H.

Published
2020

25. Prévalence de l’automédication chez les étudiants universitaires: Examen systématique et méta-analyse

Author

Behzadifar, Meysam, Behzadifar, Masoud, Aryankhesal, Aidin, Ravaghi, Hamid, Baradaran, Hamid Reza, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi

Abstract

Background: Self-medication can lead to serious consequences but its overall prevalence in students is not known. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication in students through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on the prevalence of self-medication in students across the world. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI/Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched up to October 2017. Studies reporting the prevalence of self-treatment in university students were selected. Data recorded included year of publication, country where the study was conducted, sample size, prevalence of self-medication, sex and mean age of students, and faculty of students (medical or non-medical). A random-effect model was used to determine effect size with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with the I2 test. A sensitivity analysis assessed stability of the findings. Results: A total of 89 studies were included in the analysis, which comprised 60 938 students. The overall prevalence of self-medication in university students was 70.1% (95% CI: 64.3–75.4%). Female students self-medicated more often than male students: odds ratio = 1.45 (95% CI%: 1.17–1.79). The prevalence of self-medication in medical students (97.2%) was higher than in non-medical students (44.7%). The I2 test indicated high, statistically significant heterogeneity. The sensitivity analysis showed that the results were stable. Conclusion: The prevalence of self-medication among students worldwide is high. Programmes on the risks of self-medication and increasing control and monitoring of the sale of drugs are recommended. Facilitating students’ access to doctors and health centres could reduce self-medication in students.

Published
2020

26. Sleep Disturbances Rate among Medical and Allied Health Professions Students in Iran: Implications from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Author

Khaksarian, Mojtaba, primary, Behzadifar, Masoud, additional, Behzadifar, Meysam, additional, Jahanpanah, Firuzeh, additional, Guglielmi, Ottavia, additional, Garbarino, Sergio, additional, Lanteri, Paola, additional, Re, Tania Simona, additional, Zerbetto, Riccardo, additional, Maldonado Briegas, Juan José, additional, Riccò, Matteo, additional, and Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi, additional

Published
2020
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31. The synergistic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum and their active components carvacrol and hypericin against Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Bahmani, Mahmoud, primary, Taherikalani, Morovat, additional, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, additional, Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud, additional, Ashrafi, Behnam, additional, Nazer, Mohammadreza, additional, Soroush, Setareh, additional, Abbasi, Naser, additional, and Rashidipour, Marzieh, additional

Published
2019
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32. Synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in comparison with ampicillin, colistin, and ertapenem on Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Soroush, Setareh, primary, Bahmani, Mahmoud, additional, Taherikalani, Morovat, additional, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, additional, Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud, additional, Ashrafi, Behnam, additional, Nazer, Mohammadreza, additional, Abbasi, Naser, additional, Heydari, Rouhollah, additional, Zarei, Leila, additional, and Alizadeh, Mohsen, additional

Published
2019
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33. Sustained release of silibinin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticle induced apoptosis in glioma cells.

Author

Alipour, Maryam, Bigdeli, Mohammad, Aligholi, Hadi, Rasoulian, Bahram, and Khaksarian, Mojtaba

Abstract

In this study, a chitosan nanoparticle formulation was synthesized for loading silibinin as a sustained‐release drug system to evaluate its effects on apoptosis in C6 glioma cells. This synthesized nanoparticle was analyzed by measurement methods including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The formation and amorphization of nanoparticle were confirmed by FTIR and XRD analysis, respectively. The mean diameter of silibinin‐loaded chitosan nanoparticles (SCNP) was 50 ± 7 and 188.6 ± 0.17 nm by using FE‐SEM and DLS, respectively. In addition, the positive zeta potential of nanoparticles was +11.5. Rhodamine‐conjugated SCNP analysis showed the internalization of silibinin to C6 glioma cells. The cytotoxicity assay indicated that the nanoformulation of silibinin was toxic to C6 glioma cells. Although SCNP significantly increased the expression of the both apoptotic genes in C6 cells, Bax and caspase3, it did not have any significant effect on the level of the antiapoptotic gene, Bcl2. In contrast, SCNP did not have any toxic effect on H9C2 cells. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicated that SCNP can be considered as a sustained‐release drug system for future cell‐based therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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38. Accompaniment of multiple sclerosis with varicella zoster virus; a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Author

Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Masoumi, Faezeh, Ahmadi, Mahdie, Yasin Ahmadi, Seyyed Amir, and Taherikalani, Morovat

Subjects
*VARICELLA-zoster virus, *MULTIPLE sclerosis, *META-analysis, *CEREBROSPINAL fluid, *BLOOD cells
Abstract

Numerous studies and meta-analyses have been conducted on the role of infectious agents in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study we aimed to investigate the role of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in susceptibility to MS as an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. After screening and applying eligibility criteria 19 studies were imported for qualitative systematic review and 11 studies were imported for meta-analysis as different subgroups. No significant result was obtained for association of VZV IgG seropositivity with susceptibility to MS. Positive history of VZV infection was significantly associated with susceptibility to MS. Synthesis of IPD showed that presence of VZV DNA was associated with MS(P<0.001) both in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (OR= 22.40 [5.85-85.71]) and in cerebrospinal fluid (OR= 14.42 [5.29-39.29]). In general VZV can be a risk factor for MS; but since VZV infection history is highly prevalent in populations without vaccination and on the other hand MS has low prevalence, this association should not be used as a prognostic or predictive value. The exact mechanism should be investigated in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019

39. Phytochemical Profiles and Antibacterial Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Origanum vulgareand Hypericum perforatumand Carvacrol and Hypericin as a Promising Anti-Staphylococcus aureus

Author

Bahmani, Mahmoud, Taherikalani, Morovat, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Soroush, Setareh, Ashrafi, Behnam, and Heydari, Rouhollah

Abstract

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacteria, is ranked second among the causes of hospital infections and is one of the three main causes of food poisoning. In recent times, the spread of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus has become very worrisome. Therefore, research for new effective drugs is important. The present study aims to investigate the phytochemical profiles and antibacterial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae family) and Hypericum perforatum (Clusiaceae family) and their active compounds on S. aureus (ATCC 12600) in vitro. Methods: The identification of phytochemical compounds in both plants was performed by Highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To investigate microbial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and disc diffusion method (DAD) were used. Finally, the results of the study were compared with methicillin. Results: Of the 42 combinations of O. vulgare, carvacrol (48%) and of the 38 combinations of H. perforatum, hypericin (46.2%) were the most abundant. The MIC, MBC and DAD of O. vulgare and H. perforatum, carvacrol, hypericin and methicillin were 625, 625, 312.5, 78.12 and 384 μg/mL, 10000, 10000, 2500, 2500 and 384 μg/mL, and 15.66 ± 4.49, 12.66 ± 0.47 and 22 ± 0.81 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Due to the significant effects of O. vulgare and H. perforatum and their active components against S. aureus, it is expected that in the future, hypericin, carvacrol and their derivatives can be used as effective antibacterial agents against S. aureus.

Published
2019
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41. Associated functional motor recovery induced by Intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells following brain ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat: Decreased dark neurons and Bax gene expression in the cerebral cortex

Author

Alizamir, Tahereh, Akbari, Mohammad, Mokhtari, Tahmineh, khaksarian, Mojtaba, and Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza

Subjects
MICROINJECTIONS, MESENCHYMAL stem cells, REPERFUSION injury, BAX protein, APOPTOSIS
Abstract

Objectives Stroke is a situation caused activation of some events leading to neuronal damage and death. The proteins of Bcl-2-family are important in regulation of cell death and life. Bax, as a Bcl-2-interacting protein, is a member of this family which promotes apoptosis and cell death. Some therapeutic approaches have been introduced for the treatment of ischemic brain injury. Neuroprotection is one of the approaches for diminishing neurological deficits. We investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) on the cortex of the brain in ischemic rats. Methods In this study, we occlude the middle cerebral artery (MCA) for induction of ischemic stroke in the brain. Rats were classified in four groups of Co, Sh, MCAo and MCAo + WJ-MSCs. Single dose of intraventricular microinjection of WJ-MSCs was injected by a Hamilton syringe. For detecting behavioral outcomes in the rats, Neurological examination was carried out. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed and their brain tissues were removed for histopathological and molecular analysis. Results ICV microinjection of WJ-MSCs significantly prevented apoptosis and cell death compared with MCAo group. A significant reduction in the level of Bax gene expression was observed in the MCAo + WJ-MSCs as group compared with Co, Sh and MCAo groups (P < 0.05). H&E staining showed considerable reduction of dark neurons in MCAo + WJ-MSCs group rather than Co, Sh and MCAo groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of the current study suggest that ICV microinjection of WJ-MSCs had neuroprotective effects on the brain cortex of ischemic rats by reduction of the Bax gene expression level and the number of dark neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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42. Selective β2 adrenergic agonist increases Cx43 and miR-451 expression via cAMP-Epac

Author

MOSTAFAVI, HOSSEIN, primary, KHAKSARIAN, MOJTABA, additional, JOGHATAEI, MOHAMMAD TAGHI, additional, SOLEIMANI, MASOUD, additional, HASSANZADEH, GHOLAMREZA, additional, EFTEKHARI, SANAZ, additional, SOLEIMANI, MANSOOREH, additional, MOUSAVIZADEH, KAZEM, additional, ESTIRI, HAJAR, additional, AHMADI, SEDIGHESADAT, additional, and HADJIGHASSEM, MAHMOUD REZA, additional

Published
2014
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43. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor Modification of Epileptiform Burst Discharges in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model.

Author

Eftekhari, Sanaz, Mehrabi, Soraya, Karimzadeh, Fariba, Joghataei, Mohammad-Taghi, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Hadjighassem, Mahmoud Reza, Katebi, Majid, and Soleimani, Mansooreh

Subjects
BRAIN-derived neurotrophic factor, TEMPORAL lobe epilepsy, LABORATORY rats, THERAPEUTICS, EPILEPTIFORM discharges
Abstract

Introduction: Transforming Growth Factor-Beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with potent anti-inflammatory property, which has been considered as an essential risk factor in the inflammatory process of Ischemic Stroke (IS), by involving in the pathophysiological progression of hypertension, atherosclerosis, and lipid metabolisms. -509C/T TGF-β1 gene polymorphism has been found to be associated with the risk of IS. The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide a relatively comprehensive account of the relation between -509C/T gene polymorphisms of TGF-β1 and susceptibility to IS. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into sham (receiving phosphate buffered saline within dorsal hippocampus), pilocarpine (epileptic model of TLE), single injection BDNF (epileptic rats which received single high dose of BDBF within dorsal hippocampus), and multiple injections BDNF (epileptic rats which received BDNF in days 10, 11, 12, and 13 after induction of TLE) groups. Their electrocorticogram was recorded and amplitude, frequency, and duration of spikes were evaluated. Results: Amplitude and frequency of epileptiform burst discharges were significantly decreased in animals treated with BDNF compared to pilocarpine group. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that BDNF may modulate the epileptic activity in the animal model of TLE. In addition, it may have therapeutic effect for epilepsy. More studies are necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms of BDNF effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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45. cAMP-Epac Pathway Stimulation Modulate Connexin-43 and MicroRNA-21 Expression in Glioma Cells.

Author

Mostafavi, Hossein, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Joghataei, Mohammad Taghi, Yoosefee, Sadegh, Soleimannejad, Maryam, Gholamzadeh, Raheleh, Bahnamiri, Sanam Seifollahi, and Hadjighassem, Mahmoud Reza

Subjects
*GLIOMAS, *CONNEXIN 43, *MICRORNA
Abstract

Introduction: Malignant astrocytic gliomas are the most common and lethal brain malignancies due to their refractory to the current therapies. Nowadays, molecular targeted therapy has attracted great attention in treatment of glioma. Connexin 43 (Cx43) and micro ribonucleic acid- 21(miR-21) are among molecules that are involved in glioma development and progression. These molecules showed potential to be as target molecules with regard to glioma. Some studies have reported that cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling could be effective on Cx43 and miR-21 in tissues other than in brain. We investigate possible relationship between β-adrenergic receptor and its newly described downstream, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) signaling pathway and expression of Cx43 and miR-21 in low (1321N1) and high grade (U87MG) glioma cell lines. Methods: We treated cells with β-adrenergic agonist and Epac activator with and without adenyl cyclase inhibitor. Cx43 and miR-21 expression were measured with real-time PCR. Results: Our data showed that in 1321N1 cells, β-adrenergic-Epac pathway stimulation up and down-regulated Cx43 and miR-21 expression respectively. Whereas, in U87MG cells these interventions had no effect on Cx43 and miR-21 expression. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that low grade astrocytoma cells have better response to our pharmacological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

46. Fluoxetin Upregulates Connexin 43 Expression in Astrocyte.

Author

Mostafavi, Hossein, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Joghataei, Mohammad Taghi, Hassanzadeh, Gholamreza, Soleimani, Masoud, Eftekhari, Sanaz, Soleimani, Mansooreh, Mousavizadeh, Kazem, and Hadjighassem, Mahmoud Reza

Subjects
*FLUOXETINE, *CONNEXIN 43, *ASTROCYTES
Abstract

Introduction: Recent studies have shown that astrocytes play major roles in normal and disease condition of the central nervous system including multiple sclerosis (MS). Molecular target therapy studies in MS have revealed that connexin-43 (Cx43) and Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) contents of astrocytes undergo expression alteration. Fluoxetine had some effects in MS patients unrelated to its known antidepressant effects. Some of fluoxetine effects were attributed to its capability of cAMP signaling pathway stimulation. This study aimed to investigate possible acute effects of fluoxetine on Cx43 and AQP4 expression in astrocyte. Methods: Astrocytoma cells were treated for 24 hours with fluoxetine (10 and 20 µg/ml) with or without adenyl cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition. Cx43 expression at both mRNA and protein levels and AQP4 expression at mRNA level were evaluated. Results: Acquired results showed that fluoxetine with and without AC and PKA inhibition resulted in Cx43 up-regulation both in mRNA and protein levels, whereas AQP4 expression have not changed. Discussion: In conclusion, data showed that fluoxetine alone and in the absence of serotonin acutely up-regulated Cx43 expression in astrocytes that can be assumed in molecular target therapy of MS patients. It seems that cAMP involvement in fluoxetine effects need more researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

47. Protective Effects of Honey, Apis mellifera Meda Skorikov, on Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Muscle Injury.

Author

Reza Gholami, Mohammad, Abbaszadeh, Abolfazl, Anbari, Khatereh, Khaksarian, Mojtaba, Shabooni, Fatemeh, Khanipour Khayat, Zahra, Mohammadrezaei Khorramabadi, Reza, and Mohammad Gharravi, Anneh

Subjects
*HONEYBEES, *MUSCLE injuries, *HONEY, *SKELETAL muscle, *TOLUIDINE blue
Abstract

Honey is a natural antioxidant that its protective effects have been proven against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Persian Honey, Apis mellifera meda skorikov, on gastrocnemius muscle IR injury. Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were used. They were divided into ten groups (N=8 per group). The ischemia was conducted with a silk suture 6-0 using the slipknot technique. All groups were rendered in ischemic for 3 h, and reperfused for various times of 3 days (3-day reperfusion), 7 days (7-day reperfusion), 14 days (14-day reperfusion), and 28 days (28-day reperfusion). Half of the groups had experimental honey (5 %) treatment immediately after ischemia. After reperfusion, the rats, based on the grouping, were killed with high doses of anesthetic, and the gastrocnemius muscles were removed and fixed. After the tissue processing, the evaluation of edema and mast cells infiltration was performed with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue staining, respectively. TNF-a was detected with immunohistochemistry method. The amount of TNF-a as an index of acute inflammatory except the 3rd day significantly decreased on the other day of reperfusion (7th, 147th and 287th days). The mast cells infiltration was significantly decreased on 77th and 147th days. The tissue edema was decreased significantly in honey administrated group in the comparison with placebo groups. Honey administration can reduce damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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48. Applying Vasopressin-Pre-Conditioned Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Heart Condition after Transplantation into Infarcted Myocardium.

Author

Nasiri Boroujeni S, Chehelcheraghi F, Khaksarian M, Sedighi M, Ghorbanzadeh V, and Nazari A

Abstract

Transplantation of H-AdMSCs may improve heart function after MI. AVP is a neurohypophyseal hormone that reduces cardiovascular damage. This study investigated the role of AVP preconditioning in the survival of MSCs and their effect on myocardial repair in the MI rats. H-AMSCs were isolated and incubated for 3 days. The expression of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors was evaluated by Real-time-PCR. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, sham, ASC and AVP-ASC. Ischemia was established by ligation of LAD coronary artery. Electrocardiography, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and apoptosis in myocardium were determined after 7 days. Results showed that preconditioned MSCs significantly increased cardiac function when compared with group that received non-preconditioned MSCs. This was associated with significantly reduced fibrosis, increased vascular density, and decreased resident myocyte apoptosis. Results indicate that AVP preconditioned MSCs can be consider a novel approach to management of MI.

Published
2022
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49. Phytochemical Profiles and Antibacterial Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Origanum vulgare and Hypericum perforatum and Carvacrol and Hypericin as a Promising Anti-Staphylococcus aureus.

Author

Bahmani M, Taherikalani M, Khaksarian M, Soroush S, Ashrafi B, and Heydari R

Subjects
Anthracenes, Anti-Bacterial Agents isolation & purification, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Candida albicans drug effects, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Cymenes, Escherichia coli drug effects, Hypericum metabolism, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Monoterpenes pharmacology, Origanum metabolism, Perylene chemistry, Perylene pharmacology, Phytochemicals isolation & purification, Phytochemicals pharmacology, Plant Extracts chemistry, Solid Phase Microextraction, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Hypericum chemistry, Monoterpenes chemistry, Origanum chemistry, Perylene analogs & derivatives, Phytochemicals chemistry
Abstract

Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacteria, is ranked second among the causes of hospital infections and is one of the three main causes of food poisoning. In recent times, the spread of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus has become very worrisome. Therefore, research for new effective drugs is important. The present study aims to investigate the phytochemical profiles and antibacterial effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare (Lamiaceae family) and Hypericum perforatum (Clusiaceae family) and their active compounds on S. aureus (ATCC 12600) in vitro., Methods: The identification of phytochemical compounds in both plants was performed by Highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To investigate microbial susceptibility, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and disc diffusion method (DAD) were used. Finally, the results of the study were compared with methicillin., Results: Of the 42 combinations of O. vulgare, carvacrol (48%) and of the 38 combinations of H. perforatum, hypericin (46.2%) were the most abundant. The MIC, MBC and DAD of O. vulgare and H. perforatum, carvacrol, hypericin and methicillin were 625, 625, 312.5, 78.12 and 384 µg/mL, 10000, 10000, 2500, 2500 and 384 µg/mL, and 15.66 ± 4.49, 12.66 ± 0.47 and 22 ± 0.81 mm, respectively., Conclusion: Due to the significant effects of O. vulgare and H. perforatum and their active components against S. aureus, it is expected that in the future, hypericin, carvacrol and their derivatives can be used as effective antibacterial agents against S. aureus., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Published
2019
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