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Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted much attention as versatile materials for drug delivery and personalized medicine. MOFs are porous structures made up of metal ions coupled with organic ligands. This review highlights the synthesis techniques used to design MOFs with specific features such as surface area and pore size, and the drug encapsulation within MOFs not only improves their stability and solubility but also allows for controlled release kinetics, which improves therapeutic efficacy and minimizes adverse effects. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and potential advantages of MOF-based drug delivery, such as MOF stability, biocompatibility, and scale-up production. With further advancements in MOF synthesis, functionalization techniques, and understanding of their interactions using biological systems, MOFs can have significant promise for expanding the area of personalized medicine and improving patient outcomes., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promote tumor advancement in many ways, such as inducing angiogenesis and the formation of new blood vessels that provide tumors with nourishment and oxygen. TAMs also facilitate tumor invasion and metastasis by secreting enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix and generating pro-inflammatory cytokines that enhance the migration of tumor cells. TAMs also have a role in inhibiting the immune response against malignancies. To accomplish this, they release immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10, and TAMs can hinder the function of T cells and natural killer cells, which play crucial roles in the immune system's ability to combat cancer. The role of TAMs in breast cancer advancement is a complex and dynamic field of research. Therefore, TAMs are a highly favorable focus for innovative breast cancer treatments. This review presents an extensive overview of the correlation between TAMs and breast cancer development as well as its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) shedding light on their impact on tumor advancement and immune evasion mechanisms. Notably, our study provides an innovative approach to employing nanomedicine approaches for targeted TAM therapy in breast cancer, providing an in-depth overview of recent advances in this emerging field., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Nanobiocatalysts (NBCs), which merge enzymes with nanomaterials, provide a potent method for improving enzyme durability, efficiency, and recyclability. This review highlights the use of eco-friendly synthesis methods to create sustainable nanomaterials for enzyme transport. We investigate different methods of immobilization, such as adsorption, ionic and covalent bonding, entrapment, and cross-linking, examining their pros and cons. The decreased environmental impact of green-synthesized nanomaterials from plants, bacteria, and fungi is emphasized. The review exhibits the various uses of NBCs in food industry, biofuel production, and bioremediation, showing how they can enhance effectiveness and eco-friendliness. Furthermore, we explore the potential impact of NBCs in biomedicine. In general, green nanobiocatalysts are a notable progression in enzyme technology, leading to environmentally-friendly and effective biocatalytic methods that have important impacts on industrial and biomedical fields., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 Khafaga et al.)

Drug delivery is the process or method of delivering a pharmacological product to have therapeutic effects on humans or animals. The use of nanoparticles to deliver medications to cells is driving the present surge in interest in improving human health. Green nanodrug delivery methods are based on chemical processes that are acceptable for the environment or that use natural biomaterials such as plant extracts and microorganisms. In this study, zinc oxide-superparamagnetic iron oxide-silver nanocomposite was synthesized via green synthesis method using Fusarium oxysporum fungi mycelia then loaded with sorafenib drug. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by UV-visibile spectroscopy, FTIR, TEM and SEM techniques. Sorafenib is a cancer treatment and is also known by its brand name, Nexavar. Sorafenib is the only systemic medication available in the world to treat hepatocellular carcinoma. Sorafenib, like many other chemotherapeutics, has side effects that restrict its effectiveness, including toxicity, nausea, mucositis, hypertension, alopecia, and hand-foot skin reaction. In our study, 40 male albino rats were given a single dose of diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) 60 mg/kg b.wt., followed by carbon tetrachloride 2 ml/kg b.wt. twice a week for one month. The aim of our study is using the zinc oxide-superparamagnetic iron oxide-silver nanocomposite that was synthesized by Fusarium oxysporum fungi mycelia as nanocarrier for enhancement the sorafenib anticancer effect., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

This review presents an overview of one of the effective strategies for improving the anticancer impact of many drugs including sorafenib using a drug delivery system by employing nanoparticles that is produced through a biological system. The biological process has a lot of benefits, including being inexpensive and safe for the environment. Sorafenib is one of a multi-kinase inhibitor that inhibits molecularly targeted kinases. Because of its poor pharmacokinetic characteristics, such as fast elimination and limited water solubility, the bioavailability of Sorafenib is extremely low. More intelligent nano formulations of sorafenib have been developed to boost both the drug's target ability and bioavailability. Researchers in a wide variety of sectors, including nanomedicine, have recently been interested in the topic of nanotechnology. It is possible for the body to develop resistance to widely used drugs available for treatment of liver cancer, including sorafenib. As a result, our goal of this research is to highlight the efficacy of nanomedicine-based drug delivery system to enhance drug's cancer-fighting properties. Because of their magnetic properties, certain nanoparticle materials can be employed as a carrier for the medicine to the exact place where the cancer is located. This can lower the amount of the drug that is administered with no impact on the normal cells., (© 2023. The Author(s).)