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Solanum nigrum is one of the commonly found herb around the globe and contains diverse therapeutic along with biological control based potentials. For last few decades, not only aqueous but also other organic solvents based extract have been prepared to obtain maximum benefits of its components to recover external and internal wounds, inflammations, infections, cancer and to control many disorders like cytotoxicity, cardiovascular, hepatic, gastric and enzymatic complications. Moreover, it has been found as effective to reducer aging and an ideal local cost source of phytoremediation. For future progress, its dose and shots optimization should be focused by researchers.

Tahmeena Naqeeb Different plants are used by human to treat different diseases. Ginger is an herb that belongs to Zingiberaceae family. Due to its high chemistry with above 60 compounds, it is used to treat many diseases and is beneficial for health. It is used as antioxidant, antiulcer, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and used for nausea and vomiting and also improves immune system. Some compounds of ginger areshogaols, gingerols and zingerone. The aim of article is to shows the study of different scientists about the effect of ginger in different disease. Gingerol, shogaol suppress the production of pro inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-8.Ginger is productive in glycemic control for people with type 2 diabetes. The active ingredients of ginger include gingerols, which exhibit antioxidant activity. Ginger plays an important role in improving the activity of gastrointestinal track. Due to ginger effect, the level of cardiovascular disorders, digestive problems and diabetes mellitus can decrease.

For a multi-term time-fractional diffusion equation comprising Hilfer fractional derivatives in time variables of different orders between $ 0 $ and $ 1 $, we have studied two problems (direct problem and inverse source problem). The spectral problem under consideration is self-adjoint. The solution to the given direct and inverse source problems is formulated utilizing the spectral problem. For the solution of the given direct problem, we proposed existence, uniqueness, and stability results. The existence, uniqueness, and consistency effects for the solution of the given inverse problem were addressed, as well as an inverse source for recovering space-dependent source term at certain $ T $. For the solution of the challenges, we proposed certain relevant cases.

High-performance electrode materials are required to fulfill the escalating urge of energy storage and the realization of supercapacitors as cutting-edge energy storage devices. This research work presents a facile synthesis of a ternary hybrid material PANI/GNP/MnO2 using graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), MnO2 nanowires, and aniline monomer through polymerization for its utility in supercapacitor application. XRD analysis confirms the presence of the individual crystal structures and phases of the constituents and their mutual contribution in a ternary hybrid material. FE-SEM results reveal that PANI nanofibers and MnO2 nanowires are decorated on the dispersed GNP. N2 sorption analysis manifests the mesoporous nature of the prepared hybrid. PANI/GNP/MnO2-based electrode owns 992.6 F/g specific capacitance and 34.5 Wh/kg energy density as well as 51.16% coulombic efficiency and 124.8 W/kg power density at 0.5 A/g. It also exhibits 88.86% coulombic efficiency and 1251 W/kg power density at 5 A/g. The obtained high capacitance, coulombic efficiency, reversibility, and large energy, and power densities make PANI/GNP/MnO2 ternary hybrid electrode as a promising supercapacitor electrode material.

This study problematises the folk theories of ELT practitioners, and critically views the limits of their monolingual idealism and guilty multilingualism in the context of Pakistan. Drawing on inte...

Arsenic (As) contamination is a serious threat to agriculture and human health worldwide. It can adversely affect the growth attributes of food crops. On the other hand, using thiourea (TU) to ameliorate As stress is an economically consistent approach. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the combined use of TU and Sewage sludge (SS). SS is considered important, unutilized biomass. It can be used as a fertilizer that has high organic matter and nutrients. Therefore, the current study was performed to evaluate TU and SS sole and combined responses under As toxicity on two wheat genotypes (Markaz 19 and Ujala 16). There were four treatments control (As 50 mg kg-1), SS (30 g kg−1)+TU (6.5 mM)+As, TU+As and SS+As applied with four replications. Results revealed that SS+TU performed significantly better over SS, TU and control for improvement in root and shoot fresh and dry weight of wheat varieties Markaz 19 and Ujala 16 under As toxicity. A significant decrease in POD, SOD and APX of Markaz 19 and Ujala 16 also validated the effective functioning of SS+TU over control. The maximum increase of 71 and 77% was noted in phosphorus, where SS+TU was applied over control in Markaz 19 and Ujala 16, respectively. In conclusion, SS+TU is a better approach than the sole application of SS and TU under As contamination for improvement in wheat growth attributes. More investigations are recommended at the field level under different As contamination and agro-climatic zones to declare SS+TU an effective amendment to mitigate As toxicity in wheat.

In this paper, the Aboodh transform is utilized to construct an approximate analytical solution for the time-fractional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation (ZKE) via the Adomian decomposition method. In the context of a uniform magnetic flux, this framework illustrates the action of weakly nonlinear ion acoustic waves in plasma carrying cold ions and hot isothermal electrons. Two compressive and rarefactive potentials (density fraction and obliqueness) are illustrated. With the aid of the Caputo derivative, the essential concepts of fractional derivatives are mentioned. A powerful research method, known as the Aboodh Adomian decomposition method, is employed to construct the solution of ZKEs with success. The Aboodh transform is a refinement of the Laplace transform. This scheme also includes uniqueness and convergence analysis. The solution of the projected method is demonstrated in a series of Adomian components that converge to the actual solution of the assigned task. In addition, the findings of this procedure have established strong ties to the exact solutions to the problems under investigation. The reliability of the present procedure is demonstrated by illustrative examples. The present method is appealing, and the simplistic methodology indicates that it could be straightforwardly protracted to solve various nonlinear fractional-order partial differential equations.

The modification in material of counter electrode to improve the performance of dye sensitized solar cell based on first principles calculations is being reported. The slab models of pure SiC and its doping with Pt and Cr were investigated to study the catalytic activity on the basis of adsorption of triiodide and monoiodides as well as charge transfer from the slabs to the adsorbents. The iodide reduction reaction was modeled to study the splitting of tri-iodide into iodine and then into iodide ions which receive negative charge from the slabs. It was found that Cr doped SiC exhibited better activity to split the triiodide but poor action to further split the iodine into monoiodides when compared with pure SiC and Pt doped SiC slabs. The outcomes of this study revealed that TM doped SiC slabs may provide alternate materials to platinum for use as counter electrodes.

This study presents the successful synthesis of praseodymium oxide, Pr6O11 and hausmannite manganese oxide, Mn3O4 nanoparticles, along with a novel synthesis of (Pr6O11/Mn3O4) nanocomposites by employing the hydrothermal route followed by post thermal annealing. X-ray Diffraction, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray characterization techniques are being adapted to analyze the physical characteristics of all the synthesized materials. XRD results reveal the crystalline nature of the synthesized materials. FE-SEM results display the irregular nanograins of Mn3O4 and a regular network of interconnected Pr6O11 nanoparticles. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption tests confirm the mesoporous nature of all the synthesized electrode materials. The Pr6O11/Mn3O4 − 2 electrode material exhibits an outstanding specific capacitance of 794.58 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g, as compared to the 521.24 F/g for the Pr6O11 electrode material. These investigations provide an easy and efficient method to develop nanocomposites (Pr6O11/Mn3O4) with better electrochemical characteristics, as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.

For the past 15 years, cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States and worldwide. With an aging population, there has been increasing use of statin therapy to reduce the risk of CVD. However, statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) remain an obstacle to this treatment, leading to discontinuation and nonadherence to statin therapy. Signs and symptoms of SAMS include muscle pain, tenderness, and increased serum creatine kinase. Despite the idiopathic pathophysiology of SAMS, some studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and SAMS; the use of vitamin D supplements can lead to relief of these symptoms. The purpose of this review was to critique evidence for the association between low serum vitamin D and SAMS and the use of vitamin D supplementation for treatment.

Aim: Integral and Elective Medications: Integral and Elective Medications are attracting growing interest and increasing recognition by all. While their use is thought to be widespread among patients with pediatric diseases, proximity testing is not yet complete. We intended to study the prevalence and indicators of CAM use in pediatric patients with malignancy in an isolation facility. Materials and Methods: The parents of 73 patients with pediatric diseases treated at the KK Women and Children's Hospital completed a regulated questionnaire. Information on the types of CAM treatments used, usage inspirations, antagonistic effects, expenses and usage conversation with the patient's physician was obtained. General opinions about CAM and usual medications were reviewed. Our current research was conducted at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore from April 2019 to March 2020. A telephone study was conducted on the benefits of CAM use and general satisfaction with treatment. Results: 68% of patients used CAM therapy, mostly as a complement to the traditional treatment of the disease. Dietary changes, wellness supplements, natural tea and winged animal home were the most widely recognized and used treatments. Almost no patients (9.2%) advised an alternative medicine professional. Positive indicators of CAM use included being of Chinese race, act of Buddhism or Taoism, use of CAM before conclusion, opinion on the adequacy of CAM, and disappointment with regular treatment. Overall, 56.2% of guardians had not reviewed their CAM use with their child's physician. Conclusion: A large number of patients with pediatric diseases use CAM treatments, often without their doctor's approval. Medical service providers need to remain aware of the expected ramifications of CAM use in order to proactively guide patients. This would help ensure that routine treatment remains positive. Keywords: Alternative, Complimentary Medicine, Pediatric Oncology.

Covid-19 pandemic has disturbed the propensities for billions of individuals around the world. Lockdown at home is obligatory, compelling numerous families, every part with their own rest wake propensities, to go through 24 hours daily together, constantly. Sleep is necessary if structures are to be sustained and leads to physical and mental well-being. We also performed a cross-sectional investigation of a test by agents for all in Pakistan in order to investigate rest problems and use dozing tablets. Our current research was conducted at Jinnah Hospital, Lahore from February 2020 to September 2020. The French Health Barometer Survey 2017, a cross-sectional analysis of numerous medical topics, disclosed rest protest products that have secured the last 8 days. In the last all-inclusive community-based study, 76 percent of the members of the group (1005 subjects) revealed a lack of pain after 14 days in jail. Ladies showed that they had more problems than humans, with a more prominent recurrence or seriousness: 32% vs 17%. Young adults (ages 19-36) typically have a more comprehensive rest problem somewhat than elderly people (78% vs. 73% of matures 35 or longer periods), although 62% of youth programs have found that these challenges have increased (compared with 52% of seniors). Finally, 16% of participants have announced in the last year they have taken dozing tablets, and 41% of them have been taking these medicine since the lock-down begun. These findings indicate that the COVID emergency is connected to the problems of severe rest in Pakistan, particularly among young people. Keywords: Covid-19 Welfare Crises, High-Level Lockout Problems, sleep and hypnotic population absorption.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of morbidity and disability in the world. Over the past few decades, the exact molecular mechanisms describing secondary, persistent injuries, as well as primary and transient injuries, have attracted massive attention to the clinicians and researchers. Recent investigations have distinctly shown the critical roles of innate and adaptive immune responses in regulating sterile neuroinflammation and functional outcomes after SCI. In past years, some promising advances in immunotherapeutic options have efficaciously been identified for the treatment of SCI. In our narrative review, we have mainly focused on the new therapeutic strategies such as the maturation and apoptosis of immune cells by several agents, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as well as multi-factor combination therapy, which have recently provided novel ideas and prospects for the future treatment of SCI. This article also illustrates the latest progress in clarifying the potential roles of innate and adaptive immune responses in SCI, the progression and specification of prospective immunotherapy and outstanding issues in the area.

This study reports the green synthesis and urease inhibitory activities of Ag and Au nanoparticles (NPs) using Crataegus oxyacantha extract. The synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-visible, FT-IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The obtained NPs were spherical in shape, and their size was around 85 nm. A strong correlation between the phytochemicals present in the extract and their capability for the synthesis of NPs was observed. Furthermore, the shape, size, stability, and bioactivity of the NPs were strongly influenced by the stabilizing phytochemicals. The experimental analysis suggested that these NPs have substantial stability in a diverse range of physiological conditions such as pH, salinity, and temperature. The NPs exhibited potent urease enzyme inhibitory activities with percent inhibition of 99.25 and IC50 value of 1.38 ± 0.3, comparable to the standard (thiourea percent inhibition, that is, 98.2% and IC50 value 5.3 ± 0.04). These results suggested that the proposed NPs could be used in the homeopathic and pharmaceutical industries for biomedical applications.

Introduction: Lung consolidation is the area of fluid-filled lung tissue and can occurs due to cancer, pneumonia and pulmonary hemorrhage. Uncomplicated cases of consolidation due to pneumonia have a good prognosis and can be properly diagnosed using Lungs ultrasound (LUS) and chest radiography (CXR). LUS has the advantage of a bedside technique and does not pose a radiation hazard. Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of chest ultrasound (LUS) in detecting lung consolidation by adopting computed tomography (CT) as the gold standard. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at CMH Lahore between January 16, 2017 and January 15, 2018. LUS was done in patients who met the criteria of inclusion. Later, patients were planned for CT by a senior IT technician and interpreted by one senior radiologist. The results are recorded and compared. Results: The average age of patients was 42.34 ± 15.98. The LUS diagnostic accuracy was 98.26% with sensitivity 97.37% & specificity 97.75% respectively taking CT scan as gold standard. Conclusion: LUS is a useful tool for detecting lung consolidation, has high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy and can replace chest radiographs. Keywords: CXR, ultrasound, computed tomography, lung consolidation

Nucleases are a class of enzymes that break down nucleic acids by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bonds that link the ribose sugars. Nucleases display a variety of vital physiological roles in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, ranging from maintaining genome stability to providing protection against pathogens. Altered nuclease activity has been associated with several pathological conditions including bacterial infections and cancer. To this end, nuclease activity has shown great potential to be exploited as a specific biomarker. However, a robust and reproducible screening method based on this activity remains highly desirable. Herein, we introduce a method that enables screening for nuclease activity using nucleic acid probes as substrates, with the scope of differentiating between pathological and healthy conditions. This method offers the possibility of designing new probe libraries, with increasing specificity, in an iterative manner. Thus, multiple rounds of screening are necessary to refine the probes' design with enhanced features, taking advantage of the availability of chemically modified nucleic acids. The considerable potential of the proposed technology lies in its flexibility, high reproducibility, and versatility for the screening of nuclease activity associated with disease conditions. It is expected that this technology will allow the development of promising diagnostic tools with a great potential in the clinic.

The current paper examines some novel and interesting aspects of the mathematical modelling of fluid flow and forced convection heat transfer from a plate stack embedded in a homogeneous porous media. Time-dependent forced convection heat transfer from some cylinders embedded in groundwater are explored numerically using finite difference methods. An algorithm was developed about rectangular heated solid objects with the same size placed in an in-line arrangement in homogeneous porous media. Central and one-sided finite difference formulae are used to discretize the domain. Applying the mathematical model, continuity, momentum, and energy equations are solved by the finite difference methods. Generally, analytical solutions are not possible for such problems, so most of the work is done numerically. The numerical results for the two-dimensional velocity potential and stream function have been calculated and the resulting fluid and temperature contours are represented graphically for various values of the parameters involved (e.g. length of the entrance, the fluid flow rates, coefficient of thermal diffusion and advection in the observed long-time plume behaviour, effect of time and temperature on heat transfer, etc.). It is observed that fluid and heat fluxes and fluid velocity depend upon the size, shape, burial depth, position of heated objects, and positions of the entrance and exit of the homogeneous porous media. Moreover, the hydraulic conductivity of the porous medium affects the pressure drops, fluid velocity as well as the heat transfer rates.

Most stakeholders including educators in Pakistan commonly theorize that English should be taught from day one in schools because the younger children are, the greater the possibility for mastery of the language. In the backdrop of prevailing beliefs and the resultant phenomenal proliferation of English-medium schools, this paper surveys educators' cognitions about this rather theoretical, yet perennially conflicting debate within language-in-education context. Drawing on multiple tools, this study surveyed 11 low-fee English-medium schools in part of Pakistan. Results suggest that teachers and school administrators take maximalist position emphasizing exclusive use of English from day one whereas they view use of the L1/native languages as waste of time. They propose that 'the younger the child, the absorbent the mind'. However, most existing research suggests that age is not the sole predictor of second/foreign language development, but multiple factors such as quality and quantity of input, intensity of exposure, and socioaffective orientations serve more critical role than only age or maturation. Data shows that early-English policy is problematic because students usually receive only decontextualized and bookish input while they receive nearly no naturalistic exposure to English. The study concludes that educators demonstrate narrow theoretical understanding of rather complex and multifactorial issue.