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Background: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on cognitive distortions in adolescents living in difficult family situations. Methods: The current study utilized a semi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, involving random assignment of subjects to experimental and control groups. Forty-five abused teenage girls from abusive homes in Mahabad city were selected. They were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people each) and a control group (15 people). All subjects completed the Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire developed by Beck and Weissman (1987). The experimental groups received therapy sessions based on ACT by Efort and Forsis (2009) and CFT by Gilbert (2009), while the control group did not receive any intervention. The collected data were analyzed using mixed-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS version 27. Results: The results indicated no significant difference between the effectiveness of ACT and CFT. Both therapies were found to have a positive and significant impact on reducing cognitive distortions in the participants. Conclusions: The findings suggest that both ACT and CFT are effective therapeutic approaches in reducing cognitive distortions in adolescents from difficult family backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effects of Islamic spiritual therapy compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress inoculation training (SIT) on distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity in patients with stomach cancer. Methods: This research was a quasi-experimental study based on a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population included patients with stomach cancer in Ardabil City, Iran in 2021. Sixty individuals were selected through convenience sampling and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The measurement tools were Simon and Gaher's distress tolerance scale and the Anxiety sensitivity index by Floyd et al., which were administered to all three groups before the group intervention and at the end of the tenth session. The first experimental group was exposed to Islamic spiritual therapy, the second test group received SIT and the control group did not receive any psychological treatment. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the Islamic spirituality therapy and SIT had a significant effect on distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity compared to the control group. However, Islamic spiritual therapy was more effective in improving distress tolerance (F=445.940) and reducing anxiety sensitivity (F=65.502) compared to the SIT group (P≤0.01). Conclusion: It appears that the combination of Islamic spiritual therapy with SIT, despite its emphasis on irrational thoughts, is less effective than Islamic spiritual therapy alone in reducing negative thoughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tough and most intense job conditions make nurses unable to control negative emotion and meta-emotion and weaken their job performance. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of compassion therapy and meta-cognitive therapy on nurses' meta-emotion levels. The research method was experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design. The sample included 60 nurses from hospitals in Tabriz in 2022, and they were randomly assigned to three groups of compassion therapy, meta-cognitive therapy and the control group. To collect the data, Mitmansgruber et al.'s (2009) meta-emotions scale was used. Then, the data were analyzed using the mixed analysis of variance model, Tukey's and Bonferroni's post hoc tests with the use of SPSS statistical software (version 22). The results showed that the effect of time factor on the amount of meta-emotion and its dimensions is significant. In other words, except compassion and interest, the amount of other dimensions of meta-emotions has decreased from pre-test to follow-up. Also, the interaction effect of time and group indicated that there was a significant difference between the compassion therapy and meta-cognitive therapy and control groups in the amount of anger (p < 0.000; F=20.98; Partial Eta²=0.424), shame (p < 0.000; F=17.47; Partial Eta²=0.380), anger control (p < 0.000; F=21.39; Partial Eta²=429), suppression (p < 0.000; F=8.93; Partial Eta2=0.329), compassion (p < 0.000; F=21.51; Partial Eta²=0.430) and interest (p < 0.000; F=36.79; Partial Eta²=0.564). But, no significant difference was observed between the effectiveness of these two interventions in reducing and increasing the amount of nurses' meta-emotions. Considering the effectiveness of compassion and meta-cognitive therapys on the level of nurses' meta-emotion, it seems that the application of compassionbased therapy and meta-cognitive therapy interventions will improve and moderate the level of meta-emotion in nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Illness Anxiety Disorder (IAD) has two subtypes, care-seeking type, and careavoidant. There is little information about the differences between the two subtypes. Methods: This study was carried out to compare perfectionism and tolerance of ambiguity in the subtypes of the IAD. To this end, a causal-comparative design was employed. The statistical population of the study included clients with symptoms of IAD who were referred to psychiatric and psychological clinics in Urmia city (West Azerbaijan Province, Iran) in 2019. After conducting a semi-structured interview, 60 subjects were selected as samples, using a convenience sampling method. The Perfectionism Inventory and the Tolerance of Ambiguity questionnaire were utilized for data collection. The collected data were analyzed by the multivariate analysis of variance test. Results: The care-avoiding subtype showed significantly higher scores on some subscales of perfectionism, including concern over mistakes (F=8.735; P=0.005), need for approval (F=4.988; P=0.029), and organization (F=4.505; P=0.038). On the contrary, the care-seeking type showed a significantly lower tolerance of ambiguity than the care-avoidant type (t=2.689; P=0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest some subtle differences between the subtypes of IAD. As a result, paying attention to these differences can lead to developing tailored treatments for each of the IAD subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]