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The methodology for analyzing interrelationship of marriage and divorces to fertility has been proposed, approbation of which has been carried out on the basis of the modern system of statistical accounting, which allowed to form a unique system of statistical indicators of marriage and divorce. A number of indicators complement the traditional methodology of marriage and divorce tables calculation. The algorithms for obtaining the indicators proposed for implementation (in particular, the cumulative marriage rate of divorcees, the level of divorces compensation by legal remarriages, etc.) have been prescribed, and their estimations have been made, which substantiates the scientific significance of the study. The methodology makes it possible to assess the impact of marriage and divorce rates on fertility, to identify the impact of measures of state assistance to families on the change in the number of marriages, divorces, and births, and also makes it possible to justify new measures of demographic policy aimed at increasing the marriage rate and reducing the divorce rate. The author’s approach considers the current trends in the analyzed demographic processes characteristic of Russia, which determines its predictive capabilities. It indicates high practical significance of the research results in the context of the search for fertility growth reserves in the light of the implemented family and demographic policy and achieving Russia’s national development strategies.

Research on the Kampus Mengajar program has revealed challenges for teachers, particularly in advancing their professional development. However, other studies suggest that the program holds the potential for a significant positive impact on teacher professional growth. This study explores how the Kampus Mengajar program contributes to the professional development of pre-service teachers, focusing on their perspectives and experiences. This narrative case study involved four pre-service teachers from a private university in Surabaya, Indonesia. Data were collected through reflective notes and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis deductively to explore prominent themes. The findings indicate that the Kampus Mengajar program supports pre-service teachers' professionalism by enhancing their pedagogical knowledge, teaching skills, and problem-solving abilities. Participants appreciated the program for boosting their self-efficacy and helping them master the 4C skills: critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration. This study underscores the value of teaching practicums in fostering future teachers' professionalism. Despite some challenges in the program's implementation, the empirical evidence suggests that the Kampus Mengajar program should be continued.

The article studies the issues of assessing the state of fiscal capacity of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Inter-budgetary transfers are important for ensuring the financial stability of economies and creating conditions for the implementation of socio-economic development programs of subjects. Because of this, it becomes relevant to administer the distribution and definition of criteria for the distribution of inter-budgetary transfers. The revenues volume indicators of the entities and federal districts with and without interbudgetary transfers, as well as their values per capita have been studied. The comparative analysis of the budget revenues and interbudgetary transfers dynamics has been carried out. The structure of interbudgetary transfers distribution among the regions has been assessed. Statistical characteristics of the interbudgetary transfers share in the revenues of the budgets of the entities showing their heterogeneity has been obtained. The fiscal capacity per capita indicators in the regions and their dynamics have been analyzed. The influence of inter-budgetary transfers on increasing the level of budgetary security of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation is shown. The correlation per capita of interbudget transfers and gross regional product has been carried out, indicating their variability in time and space, as well as the presence of significant differentiation of their values in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Abstract The combination of the ability to absorb most of the solar radiation and simultaneously suppress infrared re-radiation allows selective solar absorbers (SSAs) to maximize solar energy to heat conversion, which is critical to several advanced applications. The intrinsic spectral selective materials are rare in nature and only a few demonstrated complete solar absorption. Typically, intrinsic materials exhibit high performances when integrated into complex multilayered solar absorber systems due to their limited spectral selectivity and solar absorption. In this study, we propose CoSbx (2

Issues regarding gender never end, such as leadership issues and the role of women in the public sphere. Some interpretations of the Qur'an show views that do not fully recognize the human dignity of women. The push to reinterpret verses relating to gender to realize gender justice was carried out by Muslim intellectuals with feminist views. Among them, Amina Wadud Muhsin was challenged to fight for the reinterpretation of this problem using the hermeneutic method. The research was carried out by collecting library data, especially Amina Wadud's thoughts on feminist interpretation. Amina Wadud interprets the leadership and polygamy verses to mean that the concept and role of leadership in Islam are not limited to a particular gender. Polygamy is not an ideal form of marriage because it does not allow for the creation of a mutualistic relationship. The methodology used by Wadud critically considers the socio-historical context in which the verses of the Koran were revealed and provides space for a feminist perspective to fight for women's rights.

Medical records are patient record files containing patient examinations and examination histories from the initial patient treatment until they are needed again. At the Bulukandang Health Center, there are obstacles in the patient's medical record service, because recording is still carried out using a hybrid system. The hybrid filing system used by the Bulukandang Health Center is in the form of physical documents and archiving of paper documents. The purpose of this research is to create a Medical Record application at the Bulukandang Health Center based on Android. Before this application is built, this application is first designed using Figma. Then this medical record application was built using Android Studio software, accessing the data with get and post methods through the RESTFUL API. The Waterfall method is used in system development. Based on the results of Black Box testing the application built can be used without errors and bugs. Based on testing using the usability scale obtained a score of 81 from 10 respondents' responses, indicating that a score of 81 for the Acceptability Ranges version was obtained Acceptable. So that this application can help staff and employees of the health center, so that work is more effective and efficient.

This research is motivated by the emergence of online news portals that becomes one of the efforts made by the conventional media in order toper form media convergence. Media inthenet work or online media becomes the most popular news source for Indonesian people today. Unfortunately, online media journalists are not considered as professional as print media journalists.This conditionis inseparable from the several violation sof journalistic rules inthenet work or internet as well as the journalistic code of ethics committed by the online media journalists. This study analyzes the content of the news posted on two online news portals, Viva.co.id and Republika.com. There search problemis focused on how independent the appearance of the news related to the issue of fuel price risingin 2022. For the techniques of analysis, this study applied Miles and Huberman’scontent analysis model and data interpretation associated with the Journalistic Code of Ethics. The results showed that the news posted on Viva.co.id and Republika.com regarding the fuel price rising in 2022 appeared with an independent face.However,the published new sun fulfilled the elements of news and a good journalistic code of ethics. In thiscase, there were not found the elements of 5W (What, Why, Who, When, Where) and 1 H (How) in the news. Moreover, it still included the author's opinion. In addition, there was also a discrepancy between the title of the news and the content of the news. The results of the analysis pointed out the presence of sensationalism (emotionalism and dramatization) in the news content. The news posted on Viva.co.id contain the elements of personalization toward the negative impact of fuel price rising, thus reader sareledto negative opinion sand stereotypes to the related object. Whereas, the news posted on Republika.com contain the elements of personalization toward the government.Thus, the readers are presented with positive opinion sand stereotypes to particular object.

Requirements engineering (RE) is an initial activity in the software engineering process that involves many users. The involvement of various users in the RE process raises ambiguity and vagueness in requirements modeling. In addition, traditional RE is a time-consuming activity. Therefore various studies have been conducted to support process automation on RE. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to obtain information about RE automation related to RE activities, methods/models, tools, and domains. SLR is done through 5 main stages: definition of research questions, conducting the search, screening for relevant papers, data extraction, mapping, and analysis. The data extraction and mapping are carried out on 155 relevant publications from 2016 to 2022. Based on the results from SLR, around 53% of the research focuses on RE automation in analysis and specifications, 40% focuses on elicitation, validation, and requirements management, and 7% focuses on requirements quality. NLP is the most used method in elicitation and specification, while for analysis, machine learning, NLP, and goal-oriented models are mostly used in automatic RE. Furthermore, many papers use specific models and methods for validation and requirements management. From the domain analysis results, it is obtained that more than half of the papers contribute directly to the RE domain, and some contribute to the development of RE automation in the software application domain.

The article highlights approaches to assessing the state of the material and technical base of Russian science. The system of indicators used by Russian statistics on the basis of reports collected by the Federal State Statistics Service is considered. Data presentation formats are highlighted. The dynamics of the cost of fixed assets in current and constant prices of 2010 is analysed. The assessment of the distribution of fixed assets of research and development in the sectoral context is given. The dynamics of the cost of the active part of fixed assets with the allocation of their part under the age of five years is analysed. The dynamics of the stock and technical equipment per employee and per researcher is given. The volume and structure of capital expenditures in the regional context have been studied. The ratings of the regions in terms of capital expenditures per scientific organisation are constructed.

Requirements engineering (RE) is the process of defining user requirements that are used as the main reference in the system development process. The quality of the RE results is measured based on the consistency and completeness of the requirements. The collection of requirements from multiple stakeholders can cause requirements conflict and have an impact on the inconsistency and incompleteness of the resulting requirements model. In this study, a method for automatic conflict detection and resolution in the Automatic Requirements Engineering Model (AREM) was developed. AREM is a model that automates the process of elicitation, analysis, validation, and requirements specification. The requirement conflict detection method was developed using an intelligent agent approach combined with a Weighted Product approach. Meanwhile, Conflict resolution is made automatically using a rule-based model and clustering method. Testing the ability of the method to detect and resolve conflicting requirements was carried out through five data sets of requirements from five system development projects. Based on the test results, it is known that the system is able to produce a set of objects that have conflicts in the data requirements. For conflict resolution, experiments were conducted with five conflict resolution scenarios. The experimental results show that the method is able to resolve conflicts by producing the highest completeness value, but the results of conflict resolution also produce a number of soft goals. The success of the method in detecting and resolving conflicts in the model is able to overcome the problem of inconsistencies and incompleteness in the requirements model.

The article highlights approaches to calculating indicators characterising the production activities of oil and gas enterprises in the Russian Federation on the basis of the Federal State Statistics Service’s reports. The production activities structure’s heterogeneity has been noted. The issues of reassessing the importance of core and ancillary economic activities in the oil and gas sector are raised. The importance of assessing the intersectoral redistribution of value added is pointed out. Prospects for the performance assessment development of output, intermediate consumption and value added are highlighted an outlook by enterprise group analysis. The principles and criteria for assigning enterprises to the group are indicated. The output indicators of the largest companies in the oil and gas sector of the Russian Federation are considered. A methodology for step-by-step calculating the output, intermediate consumption and value added indicators for large enterprises is provided. The authors concluded that calculating the indicators of output, intermediate consumption and value added for the factor models construction is expediency.

The existence of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia has had a significant impact on the nation's economy. Various types of MSMEs have been developed, including MSMEs with disabilities, especially those who are female. This study was conducted to determine the factors that influence the development of women's MSMEs, especially those with disabilities. The research method used was descriptive and qualitative. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, structured interviews, and FGDs. The results show that there are several factors that influence the development of MSMEs for women with disabilities, namely physical accessibility and information, education and training, social support and networks, access to capital and funding, inclusion policies and legal protection, and awareness and attitude change. In addition, internal factors originating from female MSME actors with disabilities, and external factors originating from family, community, and government also influence the development of women with MSMEs with disabilities.

Product image retrieval in the customer-to-shop setting uses similarity learning instead of a predefined distance to address the cross-domain matching problem. Similarity learning can be done using a Siamese convolutional network (SCN) model with pairwise or triplet image sampling. The model training uses product item labels as the target without considering the product category. However, images in the e-shop are inherently have hierarchically structured from the category to the individual image. Therefore, category information should be involved to improve the discriminating factor of the image feature. To accommodate this, we propose a SCN model that involves category and item labels in training to produce the category-aware feature. Our model is based on SCN with modification in training procedure that simultaneously learns the category and item label. Our category-aware Siamese CNN is implemented using MobileNet as the backbone and single-layer network for the mid-feature learner. The results show that our method can improve the accuracy of product image retrieval using SCN based features.

Cancer sufferers need Islamic spiritual guidance. Islamic spiritual guidance has received attention from religious institutions, namely the Indonesian Zakat Initiative Patient Shelter. This study aims to determine the implementation of Islamic spiritual guidance in growing self-acceptance of cancer patients. The type of this research method is using descriptive qualitative and psychological approach. Data collection techniques in this study used participant observation, unstructured interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that first, the implementation of Islamic spiritual guidance has been proven to provide solutions to the problems experienced by cancer sufferers in growing self-acceptance, in the form of: direct methods by listening and giving advice face to face, the material presented is related to belief in the help of Allah SWT, life motivation and wisdom behind illness. Second, cancer sufferers who have low self-acceptance are characterized by frequent crying, difficulty controlling their emotions, not accepting the situation they are suffering from. After receiving Islamic spiritual guidance, cancer sufferers are able to be positive about themselves, willing to accept their good and bad qualities, and have a positive attitude towards their past so that they can be said to experience growth in self-acceptance in an optimal direction.

The development of technology and science in the era of society 5.0 has a positive impact on the development of human civilization and also leaves some homework that needs to be a common concern, including those related to morals. The development of technology provides a free and spacious space for anyone to communicate and behave in cyberspace. This if not guided by morals and good behavior patterns will lead to a decrease in morals in attitude and communication. Imam Azzarnuji in the book of alala tanalil ilma provides a very relevant moral education guide to be used as a guide for behavior in the era of society 5.0. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that examines the book of alala tanalul ilma by Imam Azzarnuji. This study concludes that in the Nadhom Kitab alala tanalul ilma the concept of moral education is implied which can be implemented in the era of society 5.0. The results of the study show that there are 5 (five) classifications of moral education in the Alala Tanalul Ilma book, namely morals in making friends, communication morals, morals in studying, morals of knowledgeable people, and morals to teachers and parents. The development of science and technology contained in the era of society 5.0 must be balanced with strengthening the morals of Muslims. So that the development of technology and science is able to realize the benefit of life and prevent humans from being harmed. The results of this study are expected to be able to become one of the ummah's reference centers for references in upholding good morals in their lives for the achievement of the benefit of life.

Several studies have shown that students face difficulties in conducting research and writing academic texts, resulting in delays in completing their studies. Meanwhile, national standard qualifications require students to publish their research results in reputable national journals. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to reveal the stages of students' learning to conduct research, especially in designing, implementing, and disseminating research results using a research-based learning model. This study used a research design approach in three stages: preliminary design, learning experiment, and retrospective analysis. Within 6 months, a learning trajectory was used to improve the research skills of 12 PBSI students at Muhammadiyah Purworejo University. This was done by observing the activities of lecturers and students and documenting the final learning outcomes. The results showed that five of those who met the criteria for research skills could reach the stage of publication in a Google Scholar-indexed journal, two could reach the stage of writing a thesis, two could reach the proposal and seminar stages, and one could reach the stage of making a research proposal, and two were still in the research design stage. In addition, this study also describes the factors that cause the diversity of learning outcomes obtained by students, namely intelligence and literacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the physiological and biochemical properties of different sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) varieties grown in the Samarkand soil-climatic conditions and assesses the impact of these varieties on soil enzyme activities. The red, yellow, and white varieties were evaluated for their carbohydrate content, vitamin levels, antioxidant activities, growth parameters, root system development, and enzyme activities, including protease, amylase, and cellulase. Biochemical analysis revealed that the red variety had the highest carbohydrate content (25%) with significant levels of sucrose, glucose, and fructose. It also exhibited the highest vitamin C (30 mg/100g) and vitamin A (8 mg/100g) concentrations as determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity, measured using the DPPH assay, was highest in the red variety (85% scavenging activity). Physiological analysis showed that the red variety had superior growth parameters with a height of 35 cm, root length of 20 cm, and biomass of 150 g. It also demonstrated the most developed root system with a root weight of 50 g and root volume of 40 cm³. Enzyme activity assays indicated that the red variety had the highest levels of protease (85 U/mg), amylase (70 U/mg), and cellulase (65 U/mg). The study highlights the significant variations among sweet potato varieties in terms of their nutritional and health-promoting characteristics. The red variety emerged as the most beneficial, exhibiting superior nutritional content, antioxidant activity, and enzyme activities that enhance soil health. These findings underscore the potential of red sweet potatoes in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in regions with challenging environmental conditions.

This study aimed to describe the implementation of a microteaching program to pre-service Bahasa Indonesia teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic, the advantages of the program, and its weaknesses. Data related to the changes in the program when facing a pandemic, advantages of program changes, and weaknesses. Data obtained from the Microteaching course in the Indonesian Language and Literature Department in The Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Microteaching in the semester of 2019/2020 amounted to 209 students. Data were from observation techniques, questionnaires, and document analysis. The sample was selected randomly. Triangulation techniques and methods validated the data, the interactive term used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. (1) To deal with the Covid-19, there are no changes in the core stages of Microteaching, but it needs some adaptations to the implementation, such as learning tools, teaching practices, observation activities, and assessments. (2) The advantages of adapting this program are students have flexible time and place of practice, improved information technology capabilities, and the student experience varies as they can write more stories. (3) The weaknesses of the adaptation of this program are the workload of lecturers increases, student learning burden increases, limited interaction, and network problems

The purpose of this paper is to overcome future problems, Law No. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage on Land and Objects Related to Land and Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Obligation to Pay Debts. Preventive and Repressive Legal Protection actions, however, a problem or conflict of law arises which regulates the time limit which is the source of problems between the Mortgage Law and the Bankruptcy Law, thus confusing stakeholders. The Bankruptcy Law provides a time limit of 2 months or 90 (days) after the bankruptcy decision is given and must be given to the Curator. but it is felt that it does not provide sufficient time for the Creditor of the Mortgage Holder. Because the creditor rights holders have protected their rights by the Mortgage Law which is written in article 21 of the Mortgage Law. Within 2 months, it does not mean that the creditor has to complete the execution, but within that period the creditor has started the execution process. due to the process that must be passed by the Mortgage Holder to sell the Mortgage Object. How to cite item: Risvian, M., Widhiyanti, H., Dewantara, R. (2022). Perlindungan hukum kreditor yang memegang hak tanggungan dalam kepailitan. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 13(1), 29-37. DOI:https://doi.org/10.26905/idjch.v13i1.7438.

Over the last decade, numerous methods have been developed to detect the influential actors of hate speech in social networks, one of which is the Collective Influence (CI) method. However, this method is associated with unweighted datasets, which makes it inappropriate for social media, significantly using weight datasets. This study proposes a new CI method called the Weighted Collective Influence Graph (WCIG), which uses the weights and neighbor values to detect the influence of hate speech. A total of 49, 992 Indonesian tweets were and extracted from Indonesian Twitter accounts, from January 01 to January 22, 2021. The data collected are also used to compare the results of the proposed WCIG method to determine the influential actors in the dissemination of information. The experiment was carried out two times using parameters ∂=2 and ∂=4. The results showed that the usernames bernacleboy and zack_rockstar are influential actors in the dataset. Furthermore, the time needed to process WCIG calculations on HPC is 34-75 hours because the larger the parameter used, the greater the processing time.

The main problem in this study is that there are many misunderstandings about philosophy that are considered to cloud the mind, so heavy, maybe even infidel. Especially in Western philosophy which became the forerunner of the existence of philosophy until now. Therefore, it is important to study more deeply about Western philosophy in order to gain a comprehensive understanding. This study aims to understand: (1) the history of the emergence and periodization of Western philosophy, (2) the characteristics of Western philosophy, and (3) the figures of Western philosophy and their thoughts. The method used in this study is a literature study with content analysis from various references relevant to the study of western philosophy. The results of this study show that: (1) the true philosophy began to be echoed when people began to ask about the origin of everything that exists in this universe, then the thought developed. Western philosophy became the beginning of the forerunner of the philosophers of philosophizing in Greece, starting from the ancient Greek centuries, classical centuries, medieval, to modern and today. (2) The prominent characteristics of western philosophy are that they are still influenced by mythology (ancient Greece), there are philosophers' thoughts that can only be obtained from testimonies/stories, and the way of philosophizing that is guided by the church. (3) Famous Western philosophers include Socrates, Thomas Aquinas and Rene Descartes. These three figures contributed to the world of science. Abstrak Permasalahan utama dalam kajian ini adalah banyaknya kesalahpahaman mengenai filsafat yang dianggap memperkeruh pikiran, begitu berat, bahkan mungkin dapat mengkafirkan. Terlebih pada filsafat Barat yang menjadi cikal bakal dari eksistensi filsafat hingga kini. Karena itu penting menelaah lebih dalam mengenai filsafat Barat agar memperoleh pemahaman yang komprehensif. Kajian ini bertujuan memahami tentang: (1) sejarah kemunculan dan periodisasi filsafat Barat, (2) karakteristik dari filsafat Barat, dan (3) tokoh filsafat Barat beserta pemikirannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah studi kepustakaan dengan analisis konten dari berbagai referensi-referensi yang relevan dengan kajian filsafat barat. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) filsafat sejatinya mulai digemakan ketika orang-orang mulai menanyakan tentang asal dari segala sesuatu yang ada di alam semesta ini, kemudian berkembanglah pemikiran tersebut. Filsafat barat menjadi awal dari cikal bakal para filsuf berfilsafat di Yunani yang dimulai dari abad Yunani kuno, abad klasik, pertengahan, hingga modern dan saat ini. (2) Karakteristik filsafat barat yang menonjol di antaranya masih dipengaruhi oleh mitologi (Yunani kuno), ada pemikiran filsuf yang hanya didapat dari kesaksian/cerita belaka, dan cara berfilsafat yang dibimbing gereja. (3) Tokoh-tokoh filsafat Barat yang terkenal di antaranya Socrates, Thomas Aquinas dan Rene Descartes. Ketiga tokoh tersebut memberi sumbangsih bagi dunia ilmu pengetahuan

The article considers the relevance of the problem of assessing the gross value added created by enterprises belonging to the oil and gas sector of the Russian Federation. There is no unified system of statistical indicators in the world that determine the boundaries and characterize the economy of the oil and gas complexes of the countries of the world. The World Bank’s calculation of the share of oil rents in the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation has adopted as one of the simple indicators for assessing the role of the oil and gas complex in the country’s economy. It has been noted that the oil rent is reflected only as a part of the primary income arising from the extraction of oil and gas, their processing, transportation and further use. The expediency of taking into account the entire value chain created in the oil and gas sector of the economy has been justified. The methodological difficulties of a number of interrelated problems have been highlighted in detail: measuring the added value created by service sector enterprises related to the oil and gas sector; complexly organization of production structures (vertically integrated companies); transfer pricing in the oil and gas industry; reflecting taxes and subsidies on products of the oil and gas sector. The conclusion has been made about the expediency of calculating the share of the oil and gas sector in the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation.

The relevance of the problem of measuring shadow activity and its significance for the purposes of macroeconomic analysis and forecasting is emphasized. The importance of forming an adequate methodological base for measuring shadow activity and developing an information support system for its research is substantiated. The existing approaches to the definition of shadow activity and methods of its measurement are analyzed. The possibility of building an information base and obtaining appropriate estimates of shadow activity on the basis of resource and use tables developed at the national level is evaluated. The possibility of using the resource approach as the most objective method of reflecting the volume and components of shadow activity at the sectoral and macro levels is studied. The conditions for the use of the resource approach are determined, taking into account the specifics of the industry features of the formation of output and intermediate consumption indicators. The possibility of constructing dynamic series of indicators constructed using the resource approach for analytical purposes is evaluated.

The continuous growth of the internet has led to the use of social media for various purposes increase. For instance, some irresponsible parties take advantage of the comment feature on social media platforms to harm others by providing spam comments on the shared object. Furthermore, variation of comments creates many features to be processed, thereby negatively impacting the performance of a classification algorithm. Therefore, this study aims to solve the problem associated with spam comments by comparing filter and wrapper based feature selection using text classification techniques. Data collected from training and test data of 4944 and 100 comments showed that the best accuracy, precision, recall, and f-measure of MNB are 96%, 100%, 92%, and 95.8%. The best accuracy is achieved using feature selection by combining Chi-Square and Sequential Forward Selection methods with a subset of 500 features. Furthermore, the accuracy increase in the MNB and SVM classifications are 8% and 4%. This research concludes that the combination of feature selection improves the classification performance of Indonesian language spam comments.

This research explains the categories and syntactic roles of Arabic in the book Nashâ? Iħul-ʕIbâd by Syekh Nawawi Al-Bantani based on the theory of roles and references grammar. This research is a descriptive qualitative with a purposive sampling method of presenting data that is separated from 112 data. The research method used in this study is the Agih method with basic techniques for direct elements using advanced techniques in the form of markup reading techniques on lingual element in Arabic grammar. The theory for determining the accusative adjunct markers of Arabic used is Valin's (1993) role and reference grammar theory using Kroeger's (2005) definition to look for core and peripheral elements in sentences. This research has found that the word categories of accusative adjunct can be the noun 'ism', the determiner 'muhaddad', the adjective 'naʕt', the adverb 'dharf', and the negation 'nafi', while the phrase category is the nominal phrase 'al-ʕibarah. al-ismiyyah ', the adverbial phrase 'al-ʕibarah adh-dharfiyyah ', and the adjective phrase' al-ʕibarah an-naʕʈiyyah '. In terms of the role of grammar syntax role and reference, adjunct can have any function as a clause modifier with evidential functions, as a core modifier with a function of manner, place, location, cause, and quantity, and also as a nucleus modifier with a affirmating function.

There is an interesting phenomenon that occurs in the Village of Tunahan, Keling, Jepara is a collaboration carried out by interfaith communities in building houses of worship. This phenomenon is very interesting to study using the point of view of Fiqh Sosial in accordance with the spirit of maqashid sharia and the benefit it carries in its methodology. This research is a qualitative research that leads to the study of a natural case that occurs in the community, namely the cooperation in the construction of places of worship between religions which is carried out alternately, the results of this research are carried out descriptively verification. From the results of the analysis carried out, this study produces several conclusions. First, the cooperation in building houses of worship between religions in Tunahan Village is a manifestation of human manifestation as social beings who have a natural need for each other. Second, in the concept of Fiqh Sosial, cooperation in the construction of places of worship between religions in Tunahan Village is a form of the implementation of human duties to prosper the earth which is oriented towards harmony and brotherhood so as to increase better religious activities. Third, seeing the many cases of religious intolerance that still occur in this country, religious harmony is one of the basic human needs (dharuriyyah) that must be realized through various actions.

Abstract Direct stacking of n‐type and p‐type metal oxide (MOx) semiconductors is one of the appealing directions toward low cost and environmentally friendly photovoltaics (PVs). However, the main shortcoming, hindering the PV performance of MOx heterojunction devices is attributed to the tradeoff between light absorption and maximized carrier extraction in p‐type MOx. In this work, we demonstrate that the nanorod (NR) geometry of Co3O4 light absorber with a nearly ideal bandgap of ∼1.48 eV, can remove this hurdle through strong internal light trapping of adjacent one‐dimensional (1D) structure and enhanced carrier mobility. The inverted n‐on‐p configuration of the core‐shell 1D heterojunction, obtained by depositing a thin TiO2 n‐type layer, resulted in enlarged charge generation compared to the typical p‐on‐n counterpart device. Fine‐tuning of Co3O4 NRs length, permits PV investigation of the heterojunctions with respect to absorber layers thickness. The optimized Co3O4 NRs/TiO2 heterojunction (30 nm Co3O4 NR length) presented a record high open circuit photovoltage (Voc) of (0.52 ± 0.03) V under 1 sun irradiation. Impedance analysis of the heterojunctions, indicates formation of the p+‐p depletion. The presented work can highlight some vital venues to enhance photoconversion efficiency of the all‐oxide heterojunctions while introducing a pioneer contender as inverted (n‐on‐p) MOx heterojunction.

The Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering (GORE) is one approach that is widely used for the early stages of software development. This method continues to develop in the last three decades. In this paper, a literature study is conducted to determine the GORE state of the art. The study begins with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted to determine the research trend in the last five years. This study reviewed 126 papers published from 2016 to 2020. The research continues with the author's search for scientific articles about GORE. There are 26 authors who actively publish GORE research results. Twenty-six authors were grouped into seven groups based on their relation or co-authoring scientific articles. An in-depth study of each group resulted in a holistic mapping of GORE research. Based on the analysis, it is known that most research focuses on improving GORE for an automated and reliable RE process, developing new models/frameworks/methods originating from GORE, and implementing GORE for the RE process. This paper contributes to a holistic mapping of the GORE approach. Through this study, it is known the various studies that are being carried out and research opportunities to increase automation in the entire RE process.

The purpose of this work is to review the existing basic methodological approaches to experimental ecosystem accounting within the framework of the natural-economic accounting system, as well as their practical application in statistical analysis, taking into account existing information resources. The authors substantiate the choice of the object of research – the Baikal natural territory. The paper prepares a list of ecosystem services typical for the Baikal nature territory ecosystem, analyses the dynamics and structure of some of them in the period 2013 – 2017, assesses the contribution of the Baikal nature territory ecosystem to the total volume of ecosystem services in individual regions of Russia in physical terms, calculates the share of anthropogenic load obtained by the Baikal nature territory ecosystem from the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, formulates conclusions about the relevance of ecosystem accounting for the Russian Federation.