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Leila Sharbatoghli,1 Hassan Hashemi,2 Alireza Mohamadi,3 Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur,3 Abbasali Yekta,4 Ali Mirzajani,3 Mehdi Khabazkhoob5 1Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran; 2Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran; 3Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 5Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Ebrahim JafarzadehpurRehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranTel +98 21 88651515Fax +98 21 88651514Email jafarzadehpour.e@iums.ac.irPurpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of active vision therapy in adults with anisometropic amblyopia.Methods: In this study, 20 adults with anisometropic amblyopia aged from 17– 35 years old were treated for five sessions (one session per week) with vision therapy techniques which include accommodative rock, vergence rock, and saccadic training. Moreover, computerized vision therapy was performed by Optosys® software. Also, patients had been given a daily program for home training, including accommodative and vergence rock, and Optosys® software. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured before and after treatment.Results: Comparison of data using t-test showed that BCVA significantly improved after the vision therapy period. Initial BCVA (Log MAR) was 0.37± 0.04 (mean±standard deviation) which improved to 0.14± 0.03 after treatment. The correlation between initial BCVA and the amount of improvement showed that the worse the pre-treatment visual acuity was, the greater improvement that occurred.Conclusion: The improvement of visual acuity in adult anisometropic amblyopes showed that there are some degrees of plasticity in the visual system of amblyopic patients even in adulthood. Thus, therapists should give the chance of treatment to adult amblyopes.Keywords: anisometropic amblyopia, plasticity, visual acuity, adult

Mohammad-Reza Sedaghat,1 Hamed Momeni-Moghaddam,2,3 AbbasAli Yekta,3–5 Ahmed Elsheikh,6–8 Mehdi Khabazkhoob,5,9 Renato Ambrósio Jr,10 Nasim Maddah,3 Zeynab Danesh3 1Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 2Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; 3Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 4Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; 5Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran; 6School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; 7School of Biological Science and Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China; 8NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; 9Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 10Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilCorrespondence: Hamed Momeni-MoghaddamDepartment of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Parastar 2 Str., Ahmadabad Blvd., Mashhad 9189754151, IranTel +98 511 9155337952Email hmomeni_opt@yahoo.comPurpose: To compare the biomechanically-corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) measured by the Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) with IOP measurements made by other commonly used tonometers; and to test the correlations between IOP measures and central corneal thickness.Methods: One randomly-selected eye from each of 94 healthy subjects was assessed. The bIOP was determined by the CorVis ST and compared with the IOP measurements made by standard Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT: Haag-Streit AG, Bern, Switzerland), the Icare (Icare Finland Oy, Vantaa, Finland), and the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA-IOPcc: Reichert, New York, USA). Corneal thickness was assessed by the Oculus Pentacam. The correlation between bIOP and the other devices and between CCT were assessed using the Pearson correlation test or Spearman’s rho test accordingly to the distribution of these values. The Bland-Altman method and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the agreement of bIOP results with IOP obtained with other techniques. The limits of agreement (LoA) were determined as the mean difference ±1.96 SD of the mean differences. In all tests, the significance level was considered to be 0.05.Results: Mean and SD of the bIOP were 16.11±1.66 mmHg. Significant differences were found between the bIOP and other IOP measurements (GAT, 3.02±2.60 mmHg, p

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Background and Objective: Proper method and machine for corneal evaluation is an important factor in many anterior segment interventions. This study was performed to compare the mean keratometry (K) readings obtained with an IOL Master and Pentacam for intraocular lens power calculation in normal subjects with no history of refractive surgery. Materials and Methods: Mean K values were obtained with the automated (IOL Master) and Scheimpflug keratometer. Scheimpflug readings obtained from simulated K (SIMK) and Holladay equivalent K (EKR) were analysed. Specific formula for a defined intraocular lens was considered according to the IOL Master, Pentacam SIMK and EKR data. Results: 100 eyes undergoing PRK were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 27 ± 4.3 year old. The mean corneal power by IOL Master, SIMK and the EKR was 44.52 D ± 1.54, 44.08 D ± 1.46 and 44.25 D ± 1.48, respectively. The mean intraocular lens power by these three machines was 17.15 D ± 2.14 and 17.6D ± 2.2 and 17.53 D ± 2.14, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between IOL Master and SIMK and EKR corneal power and intraocular lens power calculated by the three aforementioned techniques (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between mean corneal power by IOL Master, SIMK and EKR and intraocular lens power calculated by IOL Master, SIMK and EKR. (P < 0.001) Conclusion: Despite the high correlation between the mean corneal power of automated keratometry, SIMK and EKR, also indicated a high correlation between intraocular lens power calculated by automated keratometry, SIMK and EKR. There was a statistically significant difference between them and the values were not interchangeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeTo determine the prevalence and causes of pterygium and pinguecula in the population of Tehran in 2002.MethodsIn a cross-sectional population study with cluster sampling, 6497 residents of Tehran were selected from 160 clusters. Samples were chosen according to a door-to-door head counting and were then invited for free examinations. After the interview, ophthalmic examinations were performed at an eye clinic.ResultsOf the selected sample, 4564 people (70.3%) participated in the study. The age- and gender-standardized prevalence of pterygium in this population was 1.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9–1.6%). The prevalence of pterygium was 1.4 and 1.1% in men and women, respectively (P>0.05). The prevalence of pinguecula in this study was 22.5% (95% CI: 21.1–24.0%); 27.1% in men and 17.7% in women (P<0.001). In both genders, the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula showed a significant increase with age (P<0.001).ConclusionsThis study concerns the status of pterygium and pinguecula according to age and gender in the population of Tehran. The overall prevalence rates were 1.3 and 22.5% for pterygium and pinguecula, respectively. The comparison of the results with those reported from other areas of the world suggests lower prevalence rates in Tehran.Eye (2009) 23, 1125–1129; doi:10.1038/eye.2008.200; published online 4 July 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]