Search

SAC@Ni2Co0.95Mn0.05-LDH displayed excellent cycling stability (83.76% after 50 000 cycles), making it well-suited for efficient wind energy storage and conversion with promising practical applications.

The porous and biomimetic cobalt silicate@diatomite (Co

It is pointed out that the magnetic field is not an independent real substance and it is considered that the electromagnetic field containing non-material magnetic field cannot establish a unified field theory with the gravitational field of the real substance. Through analysis, it is concluded that the so-called magnetic field is essentially a motion state of the electric field. The magnetic field is defined as the electric field contracting in motion. According to this definition, the Biot-Savart, Lorentz force, electromagnetic induction, displacement current and Ampere loop laws are deduced and proved. Through the experimental results of electrostatic field around the permanent magnet, it is proved that the magnetic field is indeed the electric field contracting in motion. It is believed that the electrostatic field is similar to the static gravitational field, the electric field contracting in motion can be defined as a magnetic field, and the gravitational field contracting in motion can also be defined as a similar contraction field, so that the electromagnetic field is completely similar to the gravitational contraction field, and the unification of the two fields is an inevitable result.

According to the electric charge and the elastic coefficient of the object independent of the motion of the object, and based on the similar properties of the gravitational field and the electrostatic field, it is concluded that the gravitational mass of the object is a constant independent of the motion of the object. However, experimental results show that the inertial mass of the object is related to the motion of the object. Therefore, it is considered that the principle of equivalence is not satisfied. As the object moves at a low velocity, the principle of equivalence is approximately true, so it is concluded that the general theory of relativity is applicable to all space celestial bodies. When the object is moving at high velocity, the principle of equivalence is not satisfied, so the general theory of relativity is not the truth. According to the principle of force balance, it is concluded that the velocity V of the black hole must be zero. Under the necessary conditions of V = 0, the existence of the black hole cannot be deduced according to the general theory of relativity. Therefore, it is considered that the black hole does not exist in theory. It is also estimated that the density of black hole is more than one million times the neutron density. It is believed that the black hole can never be a real material existence. The principle of black hole observation published on April 10, 2019 was considered theoretically wrong against the common sense of physics. The photos of the black hole halo taken at eight observation points in the world are judged to be untrue.

Based on the dual-resonance principle around the dispersion turning point, a scheme of chiral long-period fiber gratings (CLPGs) formed by twisting a high-birefringence (Hi-Bi) fiber is herein proposed to realise ultra-broadband flat-top circular polarizers. The coupling bandwidth is approximately seven times larger than that of traditional CLPGs. In addition, by introducing chirp characteristics in these CLPGs, an ultra-broadband flat-top circular polarizer with ∼200 nm@3 dB was conveniently achieved. Subsequently, by optimising the chirped CLPGs, a circular polarizer with a bandwidth extinction ratio of approximately 30 dB and a high level of ∼100 nm at 1 dB was realised. It was shown that the mode-controlling performances of the CLPGs can be remarkably improved, which has significant applications in light-field regulation. Finally, for the first time, it was proved that the CLPG cannot generate a vortex beam.

In this study, moisture content, textural properties, microstructure, free sulfhydryl group content, the secondary structure of heat-induced duck egg white gels (DEWG) under different heating temperatures of 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C and times of 10, 15, 20, and 25 min were investigated. Enzymolysis efficiency and peptide mapping were determined to clarify the linkage mechanism in gel properties, digestion behavior and peptide release of DEWG. Results indicated that with the increasing temperature and time, a gel with harder texture and less moisture was formed. Related gel exhibited a more compact form of aggregation in the environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), as well as an increase in the amount of free sulfhydryl group and β-sheet. The in vitro digestibility and the number of peptides produced were affected by protein aggregation morphology. The gel with low induction temperature and shorter induction time showed a loose structure, resulting in a higher digestibility and more quantity of peptides released. In conclusion, heat induced changes in gelation behavior of duck egg white protein, and thus exhibited critical effects on protein digestion and peptide released.

Oxide-/hydroxide-derived copper electrodes exhibit excellent selectivity toward C

It is incorrect to only apply mass change or time change in explanation of the deflection result of charged particle in high velocity motion in magnetic field. A scientific and correct method is to change mass and time at the same time. However, it is impracticable to necessitate force formula in simultaneous change of mass and time. The paper makes correction of Lorentz Force formula based on analysis method for acting force in electric field, and launches into a new understanding of deflection result of charged particles in high velocity motion in magnetic field according to the corrected Lorentz Force formula.

A description of relative time dilation and absolute time dilation are given and it is pointed out that confusion of the two terms is likely to lead to paradox and it is considered that circular motion velocity to center of a circle is absolute velocity and the time dilation due to absolute velocity is actual dilation---absolute dilation. Absolute dilation is unrelated to any object in relative motion. The time dilation in correlated circular motion has been discussed to conclude that the absolute velocity human being can achieve is very limited; therefore, it is impossible to have time travel.

According to superposition principle of electrostatic field, it is considered that electric field of free electron in electric conductor still exists and motions along with free electron. While variable motion of free electron will transmit at light velocity in electric field and form electric wave. This paper analyzed the electric field of electric wave and energy transmitted, explained and deduced law of electromagnetic induction and analyzed Maxwell equations and its physical meaning. In this paper, the author specially made deep analysis on the nature of magnetic field and concluded that constancy of light velocity is the root of magnetism.

Invariable axiom of force equilibrium is set up according to the common knowledge that force equilibrium is independent of observers. The transformation formulas of force in different inertial system are derived and the validity of these transformation formulas is affirmed via deducing the electric-field distribution of high speed moving charge. And through deduction, conclude that the gravitational mass of an object is not equal to its inertial mass.

Experiments show that, there is the electrostatic field around the permanent magnet; since the electromagnetics can not explain this phenomenon, it can be concluded that there are some defects in electromagnetics. This paper makes an analysis of the defects of electromagnetics from fourteen aspects. It is noted that, the basic defect of electromagnetics is that there is no explanation of any inherent causes and physical processes of electromagnetic induction, displacement current, Lorentz force and other surface phenomena. Moreover, it may also lead us to make incorrect inferences in the theoretical analysis of electromagnetics, e.g. the same direction of action and reaction, infinitely high kinematic velocity of magnetic field, etc. It can be seen from analysis of all electromagnetic phenomena that, all the electromagnetic phenomena will be inevitably accompanied by an electron motion; and the electron motion is bound to take effect through an electric field; therefore, the analysis of motion in an electric field is the basis for analysis of all electromagnetic phenomena. This paper proposes seven rules for analysis of motion in an electric field, analyzes the uniform motion and variable motion in an electric field on the basis of such rules, clarifies the inherent causes of Lorentz force, theoretically qualitatively and quantitatively demonstrates why there exists the electrostatic field at some locations around the permanent magnet, and considers that all the magnetic phenomena are resulted from the contraction of electric field in the direction of motion, which is derived from the natural law of constant velocity of light, and therefore all the electromagnetic phenomena is rooted in the constant velocity of light. Through the analysis of variable motion in an electric field, this paper proves the law of displacement current and electromagnetic induction, clarifies the physical processes of such phenomena, deduces the law of total current, explains why electric field strength and magnetic field strength of electromagnetic wave must be in same phase and why a plane wave has the electric and magnetic fields only with a certain length but no source, and considers that neither fast nor slow propagation velocity of electromagnetic wave is good and that the actual velocity of light is the ideal velocity of light.

For a set of forces being in equilibrium, the equilibrium state will not vary from one observer to another. This generally acknowledged fact has been called as the Force Equilibrium Invariance Axiom. On the basis of this axiom, the force transformation formula can be derived when an object is in motion, so that the force, length, time and mass can be calculated as per the basic transformation formula for the special relativity. According to the results of experimental analysis obtained by J.C. Hafele and R.E. Keating, the concepts of absolute time delay and relative time delay have been put forward herein, so as to solve any problems on the traveling velocity and records of any object being in motion at the real-time. For the properties of the force, the force applied on an object being accelerated will be deemed as the energy transfer force, while the universal gravitation will be deemed as the applied force of field. Both forces have the different basic properties. It is unscientific to consider both forces being the same properties. Based on the Force Equilibrium Invariance Axiom, it is deduced that the gravitational mass can only be the constant irrelevant to the motion of an object. Therefore, the principle of equivalence will not be tenable in theory. Only if the motion velocity of an object is very small relative to the velocity of light, can the principle of equivalence be deemed being approximately tenable. Under this condition, the general relativity can be only consistent with the practical deducing principle. However, if the motion velocity of an object is relatively large, there will be a significant difference between the constant gravitational mass and the inertial mass; as a result, there may be a deviation between the inference on the general relativity and the practical deducing principle. Take the Black Hole as an example. Even if the Black Hole is made almost completely of neutrons, its actual volume is one million times greater than its theoretical volume. Therefore, it is concluded that the Black Hole cannot be deemed as the substance composed of real atoms. It also shows accordingly that, according to the general relativity of theoretical source of Black Hole, the analysis results obtained when an object is in motion at high-velocity can not conform to the reality.

In theory of electromagnetism, there are principles indicated as below: motional magnetic field shall not exist; action and reaction can be in the same direction, but differ in value; magnetic field can have an infinitely great motional speed; the same physical phenomenon can be explained conversely in different inertia systems; there is no uniform scientific explanation for deflection of high-speed charged particle in magnetic field; coexistence of static magnetic field with static electric field cannot be explained. Hence, truth of the above principles of electromagnetism is questioned here.

It is considered in the superposition principle of electrostatic field and the special relativity that the electric field around the moving electrons in permanent magnet still exists and presents length contraction in the direction of movement. Through experimental analysis, it is also considered that the motion states of two electric fields having same direction and opposite direction of motion cancel out each other. Based on the two above-mentioned basic concepts, it can be inferred that negative electrostatic field exists in the vicinity of cubic permanent magnet N and S pole surface edge while positive electrostatic field exists in the vicinity of side edge. In addition, the results of experimental verification are also introduced.