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Objective: This study was designed to demonstrate that alendronate (ALN)/vitamin D3 combination tablets (ALN/D5600) are bioequivalent to corresponding doses of ALN and vitamin D3 as individual tablets in healthy Taiwanese volunteers. Methods: In this open-label, randomized, 2-period, crossover study, 68 volunteers were randomized to a single ALN/D5600 combination tablet or corresponding doses of 70 mg ALN + 5600 IU vitamin D3 (2 × 2800 IU), followed by a 12-day washout period and administration of the alternate formulation. Plasma ALN levels were measured using a newly developed assay. Geometric mean ratios of ALN AUC0–last, AUC0–∞, and Cmax, and unadjusted vitamin D3 AUC0–80h and Cmax were compared and considered bioequivalent if the 90% CI was within 0.8 to 1.25. Results: The geometric mean ratios were: AUC0–last, 1.084 (90% CI, 0.937–1.253); AUC0–∞, 1.081 (90% CI, 0.935–1.249); and Cmax, 1.112 (90% CI, 0.959–1.289) for ALN, and AUC0–80h 0.953 (90% CI, 0.827–1.098) and Cmax, 0.982 (90% CI, 0.854–1.130) for vitamin D3 unadjusted for endogenous levels. Conclusions: The combination tablet was considered bioequivalent to coadministration based on ALN AUC0–∞ and unadjusted vitamin D3 parameters. Slight differences for ALN AUC0–last and Cmax (upper 90% CIs outside the bounds) were not considered clinically significant. The combination tablet was well tolerated. No serious adverse experiences were reported. © 2015. The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.