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1. Exceptional fossil assemblages confirm the existence of complex Early Triassic ecosystems during the early Spathian

Author: Christopher P. A. Smith, Thomas Laville, Emmanuel Fara, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Goudemand, Kevin G. Bylund, James F. Jenks, Daniel A. Stephen, Michael Hautmann, Sylvain Charbonnier, L. J. Krumenacker, and Arnaud Brayard
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract The mass extinction characterizing the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB; ~ 252 Ma) corresponds to a major faunal shift between the Palaeozoic and the Modern evolutionary fauna. The temporal, spatial, environmental, and ecological dynamics of the associated biotic recovery remain highly debated, partly due to the scarce, or poorly-known, Early Triassic fossil record. Recently, an exceptionally complex ecosystem dated from immediately after the Smithian/Spathian boundary (~ 3 myr after the PTB) was reported: the Paris Biota (Idaho, USA). However, the spatiotemporal representativeness of this unique assemblage remained questionable as it was hitherto only reported from a single site. Here we describe three new exceptionally diverse assemblages of the same age as the Paris Biota, and a fourth younger one. They are located in Idaho and Nevada, and are taxonomic subsets of the Paris Biota. We show that the latter covered a region-wide area and persisted at least partially throughout the Spathian. The presence of a well-established marine fauna such as the Paris Biota, as soon as the early Spathian, indicates that the post-PTB biotic recovery and the installation of complex ecosystems probably took place earlier than often assumed, at least at a regional scale.
Published: 2021
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2. An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA—a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Author: Larisa A. Doguzhaeva, Arnaud Brayard, Nicolas Goudemand, Laurel J. Krumenacker, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, and Gilles Escarguel
Subjects: Cephalopoda, Coleoidea, phylogeny, gladius, soft tissue preservation, Triassic, USA, Idaho, Fossil man. Human paleontology, GN282-286.7, Paleontology, QE701-760
Abstract: We describe an Olenekian (Early Triassic) “fossil squid” belonging to the oldest complex Mesozoic marine biota collected in the Lower Shale unit of the Lower Triassic Thaynes Group in Idaho, USA. The studied specimen shows a tapered structure embedded in a cylindrical soft body. Morphological, ultrastructural and geochemical features of the specimen suggest that it corresponds to an internally-shelled cephalopod exhibiting a tapered micro-laminated gladius with rachis, narrow median and lateral fields and a large conus; a pair of posterior large fin-supported cartilages and fins; ventral and dorsal mantle band-shape structures, the dorsal one being cartilaginous; mantle patches; a stomach containing undigested arm-hooks and sheet-like pieces of potential flooded ink. Coupled SEM/EDS analyses show that (i) arm-hooks and ink were pseudomorphed by nanoparticles (less than 0.6 mm in diameter) of carbon, (ii) gladius and soft tissues were substituted by granules of calcium phosphate, (iii) cartilage canalicula’s were partially filled with calcium phosphate grains and crystals of Zn- and S-containing minerals. The specimen was hence probably fossilized due to metabolism of P- and C-accumulating bacteria. Based on this specimen, Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. and Idahoteuthidae Doguzhaeva and Brayard fam. nov. are erected. This family is characterized by an elongated, cylindrical, dorsally cartilaginous muscular mantle; well-developed, about 0.2 mantle length, rounded anteriorly and acute posteriorly, fin-supported cartilages and similarly shaped two fins at conical mantle termination, and thin slender gladius with narrow median and lateral fields, rachis and breviconic conus. This family assumedly falls in Myopsida (Decabrachia). A streamlined body, large fin-supported cartilages and eroded arm-hooks in the stomach of Idahoteuthis Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. nov. suggest that this was a maneuverable cannibal predator that dwelled in the subequatorial shallow sea of the west coast of Pangaea.
Published: 2018
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3. The Paris Biota decapod (Arthropoda) fauna and the diversity of Triassic decapods

Author: Christopher P. A. Smith, Sylvain Charbonnier, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuel Fara, Arnaud Brayard, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: Paleontology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: We describe here the early Spathian (Early Triassic) Paris Biota decapod fauna from the western USA basin. This fauna contains two taxa of Aegeridae (Dendobranchiata), namely Anisaeger longirostrus n. sp. and Aeger sp. that are the oldest known representatives of their family, thus extending its temporal range by 5 Myr back into the Early Triassic. This fauna also includes two representatives of Glypheida (Pleocyemata) with Litogaster turnbullensis and Pemphix krumenackeri n. sp., confirming for the former and extending for the latter the temporal ranges of their respective superfamilies back to the Early Triassic. Overall, the Paris Biota decapods are some of the oldest known representatives of Decapoda, filling in an important gap in the evolutionary history of this group, especially during the Triassic that marks the early diversification of this clade. Additionally, we compile and provide overviews for all known Triassic decapods, which leads to the revision of four species of Middle and Late Triassic Aegeridae, and to a revised family assignment of a Middle Triassic Glypheida. Based on this refined dataset, we also investigate decapod diversity throughout the Triassic. We show that the apparent increase in decapod taxonomic richness is probably driven by the heterogeneity of the fossil record and/or sampling effort, and that the decapod alpha diversity is actually relatively high as soon as the Early Triassic and remains rather stable throughout the Triassic.UUID: http://zoobank.org/0f435f27-1767-473d-955c-57fe869faa0f
Published: 2022
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4. Latest Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages in Utah (western USA basin) and their implications for regional biostratigraphy, biogeography and placement of the Smithian/Spathian boundary

Author: Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, Daniel A. Stephen, Gilles Escarguel, Kevin G. Bylund, Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuel Fara, James F. Jenks, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University (UVU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR-15-IDEX-0003,BFC,ISITE ' BFC(2015), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Late Smithian, biology, Biogeography, Early Triassic, Ammonoids, Biostratigraphy, Paleontology, Ecological succession, Structural basin, biology.organism_classification, Xenoceltites, Taxon, Space and Planetary Science, Utah, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Anasibirites, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract: 23 pages; International audience; The late Smithian extinction represents a major event within the Early Triassic. This event generally corresponds to a succession of two, possibly three successively less diverse, cosmopolitan ammonoid assemblages, which when present, provide a robust biostratigraphic framework and precise correlations at different spatial scales. In the western USA basin, known occurrences of latest Smithian taxa are rare and until now, have only been documented from northeastern Nevada. Based on these restricted basinal occurrences, a regional zone representing the latest Smithian was postulated but not corroborated, as representative taxa had not yet been reported from outside Nevada. Here we document two new ammonoid assemblages from distant localities in northern Utah, overlying the late Smithian Anasibirites beds and characterized by the unambiguous co-occurrence of Xenoceltites subevolutus and Pseudosageceras augustum. The existence of a latest Smithian zone in the western USA basin is therefore validated, facilitating the identification of the Smithian/Spathian boundary and intra-basin correlation. This zone also correlates with the latest Smithian zone recognized from southern Tethyan basins. Additionally, these new data support other observed occurrences of Xenoceltites subevolutus throughout most of the late Smithian.
Published: 2021
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5. Exceptional fossil assemblages confirm the existence of complex Early Triassic ecosystems during the early Spathian

Author: Arnaud Brayard, Kevin G. Bylund, L. J. Krumenacker, Daniel A. Stephen, Michael Hautmann, Emmanuel Fara, Christopher P. Smith, Thomas Laville, James F. Jenks, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Goudemand, Nicolas Olivier, Sylvain Charbonnier, Emmanuelle Vennin, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Équipe 6 - Paléontologie, Paléoécologie, Paléobiogéographie, Évolution (P3E), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Spanish Fork, West Jordan, Department of Earth Sciences, Utah Valley University, Utah Valley University (UVU), Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid Strasse 4, CH-8006 Zürich, Switzerland (PALäONTOLOGISCHES INSTITUT UND MUSEUM DER UNIVERSITäT ZüRICH, KARL-SCHMID STRASSE 4, CH-8006 ZüRICH, SWITZERLAND), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, University of Zurich, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 140 South 700 East, Spanish Fork, 1134 Johnson Ridge Lane, West Jordan, Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Zürich
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Permian, Paleozoic, Fauna, Science, Early Triassic, Evolutionary fauna, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, Paleontology, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Extinction event, Multidisciplinary, Palaeontology, Palaeoecology, Biota, 15. Life on land, Geography, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Paleoecology, Medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: The mass extinction characterizing the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB; ~ 252 Ma) corresponds to a major faunal shift between the Palaeozoic and the Modern evolutionary fauna. The temporal, spatial, environmental, and ecological dynamics of the associated biotic recovery remain highly debated, partly due to the scarce, or poorly-known, Early Triassic fossil record. Recently, an exceptionally complex ecosystem dated from immediately after the Smithian/Spathian boundary (~ 3 myr after the PTB) was reported: the Paris Biota (Idaho, USA). However, the spatiotemporal representativeness of this unique assemblage remained questionable as it was hitherto only reported from a single site. Here we describe three new exceptionally diverse assemblages of the same age as the Paris Biota, and a fourth younger one. They are located in Idaho and Nevada, and are taxonomic subsets of the Paris Biota. We show that the latter covered a region-wide area and persisted at least partially throughout the Spathian. The presence of a well-established marine fauna such as the Paris Biota, as soon as the early Spathian, indicates that the post-PTB biotic recovery and the installation of complex ecosystems probably took place earlier than often assumed, at least at a regional scale.
Published: 2021
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6. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF THE MANCOS SHALE IN THE SAN RAFAEL SWELL, EAST-CENTRAL UTAH

Author: Alyson M. DeNittis, Nathan Perdue, Daniel A. Stephen, Clayton Forster, Kevin G. Bylund, Alessandro Zanazzi, Michael A. Stearns, and Lana Axelsen
Subjects: Ammonite, Paleontology, Paleoceanography, language, Biostratigraphy, Oil shale, Cretaceous, language.human_language, Swell, Geology
Published: 2020
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7. AMMONITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF THE MANCOS SHALE (UPPER CRETACEOUS) IN THE SAN RAFAEL SWELL, EAST-CENTRAL UTAH

Author: Michael A. Stearns, Alyson M. DeNittis, Nathan Perdue, Daniel A. Stephen, Alessandro Zanazzi, Lana Axelsen, Clayton Forster, and Kevin G. Bylund
Subjects: Ammonite, Paleontology, Paleoceanography, language, Biostratigraphy, Oil shale, language.human_language, Cretaceous, Swell, Geology
Published: 2020
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8. New middle and late Smithian ammonoid faunas from the Utah/Arizona border: new evidence for calibrating Early Triassic transgressive-regressive trends and paleobiogeographical signals in the western USA basin

Author: Emmanuelle Vennin, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Nicolas Olivier, Nicolas Goudemand, Dawn McShinsky, Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuel Fara, Daniel A. Stephen, Gilles Escarguel, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences, Utah Valley University, Utah Valley University (UVU), Inflammasome NLRP3 – NLRP3 Inflammasome, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 6 - Paléontologie, Paléoécologie, Paléobiogéographie, Évolution (P3E), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR-15-IDEX-0003,BFC,ISITE ' BFC(2015), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Permian, Fauna, Transgression-regression cycle, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Early Triassic, 02 engineering and technology, Biostratigraphy, Structural basin, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Utah, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Extinction event, Global and Planetary Change, Smithian, Ammonoids, Arizona, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 15. Life on land, Geography, 13. Climate action, Species richness, Transgressive, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: 23 pages; International audience; New Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages were sampled near the Utah/Arizona border. They provide several spatiotemporal constraints on the regional Sinbad Formation showing that the extent of the Smithian sea in the southwestern-most part of the western USA basin is larger than previously expected, reaching northern Arizona and an area just east of Kanab in Kane County, Utah. This southwestern-most excursion of the sea in the western USA basin is part of the third order Smithian transgression-regression cycle, which is well-documented worldwide. These new spatiotemporal constraints also indicate that the Sinbad Formation spans the late middle to early late Smithian time interval in the studied area. The observed transgressive trend corresponds to the warm temperatures of the middle-early late Smithian and the regressive trend to the cooling phase spanning the Smithian-Spathian transition. Thus, the Sinbad Formation and its marine deposits are the direct result of global climatic fluctuations and related sea-level changes that occurred from the late middle Smithian to the Smithian-Spathian transition. This highlights the importance of the Sinbad Formation in untangling local and global changes occurring around the late Smithian, and thus in overcoming a major obstacle to the understanding of the biotic recovery after the Permian/Triassic boundary mass extinction. This also indirectly confirms that the western USA basin is a key area containing essential information for the understanding of the Early Triassic events. The taxonomic richness of late middle Smithian assemblages is much lower in the studied area than in the more northern localities. However, the occurring taxa confirm the known regional to global distribution of Smithian ammonoids, witnessing the major global environmental changes from the middle Smithian to the early Spathian.
Published: 2020
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9. Smithian ammonoid faunas from northeastern Nevada: implications for Early Triassic biostratigraphy and correlation within the western USA basin

Author: Romain Jattiot, Morgane Brosse, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Hugo Bucher, Arnaud Brayard, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Support from the Claraz fund for fieldwork research in northeastern Nevada and from the Swiss SNF (project 200020-160055)., ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur. ( 2013 ), and University of Zurich
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Fauna, Stratigraphy, Early Triassic, Biochronology, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, Biostratigraphy, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Smithian, Ammonoids, Early Triasic, 1911 Paleontology, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Taxonomy (biology), 1913 Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology, Nevada
Abstract: Intensive sampling of the lower portion of the Thaynes Group within the Palomino Ridge area (northeastern Nevada) yielded abundant and well-preserved Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas. Ammonoid taxonomy and a detailed biostratigraphy for this locality are reported herein. One new genus (Palominoceras) and one new species (?Pseudosageceras bullatum) are described. Additionally, based on new data from Palomino Ridge and previous data from neighboring localities in Utah, we porvide here the first quantitative Smithian ammonoid biochronological scheme for the western US basin. This new zonation is based on the Unitary Associations (UA) method. The biochronical sequence comprises five unitary association zones that can be correlated with other localities from the Northern Indian Margin (Salt Range, Pakistan, Spiti, northern India and Tulong, South Tibet). Three unitary association zone (UAZ1, UAZ2 and UAZ3) are defined for the early Smithian, one (UAZ4) spans the entire middle Smithian and one (UAZ5) signifies the first part of the late Smithian. Finally, a hypothetical UAZ6 would represent the second part of the late Smithian.
Published: 2017
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10. Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse

Author: James F. Jenks, Hugo Bucher, Romain Jattiot, Kevin G. Bylund, Torsten M. Scheyer, Carlo Romano, University of Zurich, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Support from the Swiss National Science Foundation (project numbers 120311/135075 and 144462, 160055, 149506)., Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), and AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Early Triassic, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Saurichthys, Paleontology, Group (stratigraphy), biology.animal, 14. Life underwater, Birgeria, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Actinopterygii, Vertebrate, biology.organism_classification, 1911 Paleontology, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Ridge, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract: The Early Triassic vertebrate record from low paleolatitudes is spotty, which led to the notion of an ‘equatorial vertebrate eclipse’ during the Smithian. Here we present articulated ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), collected from the marine Lower Triassic Thaynes Group at three new localities in Elko County (Nevada, USA), which were deposited within the equatorial zone. From the Smithian of the Winecup Ranch, we describe two partial skulls of the predatory actinopterygianBirgeria(Birgeriidae), attributed toB.americananew species andBirgeriasp.Birgeria americanan. sp. is distinguished from other species by a less reduced operculogular series. With an estimated total length of 1.72–1.85m, it is among the largest birgeriids. We confirm thatBirgeriaencompasses species with either two or three rows of teeth on the maxilla and dentary, and suggest that species with three well-developed rows are restricted to the Early Triassic. From the latest Smithian of Palomino Ridge, we present a three-dimensional, partial skull of the longirostrine predatorSaurichthys(Saurichthyidae). This and other occurrences indicate that saurichthyids were common in the western USA basin. From the early late Spathian of Crittenden Springs, we describe a posterior body portion (Actinopterygii indet.). This find is important given the paucity of Spathian osteichthyan sites. We provide a summary of Early Triassic vertebrate occurrences in the United States, concluding that vertebrate fossils remain largely unstudied. The presence of predatory vertebrates in subequatorial latitudes during the Smithian confirms that Early Triassic trophic chains were not shortened and contradicts the ‘equatorial vertebrate eclipse’.
Published: 2017
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11. Multiple sulfur isotope signals associated with the late Smithian event and the Smithian/Spathian boundary

Author: Pierre Sansjofre, Gwénaël Caravaca, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Olivier, James F. Jenks, S. Elmeknassi, Christophe Thomazo, Daniel A. Stephen, Pierre Cartigny, Bryan A. Killingsworth, Kevin G. Bylund, Arnaud Brayard, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University (UVU), Laboratoire Géosciences Océan (LGO), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Work supported by the French 'Investissements d'Avenir' Program and by the FEDER Bourgogne., ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR: ISITE-BFC,ANR-15-IDEX-0003, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-IDEX-0003,BFC,ISITE ' BFC(2015), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Extinction event, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Early Triassic, Geochemistry, Sulfur cycle, Ocean acidification, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Anoxic waters, Water column, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Sedimentary rock, 14. Life underwater, Bioturbation, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 18 pages; International audience; The Early Triassic is generally portrayed as a time of various, high ecological stresses leading to a delayed biotic recovery after the devastating end-Permian mass extinction. This interval is notably characterized by repeated biotic crises (e.g., during the late Smithian), large-scale fluctuations of the global carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles as well as harsh marine conditions including a combination of ocean acidification, anoxia, extreme seawater temperatures and shifting productivity. Observations from different paleolatitudes suggest that sulfidic (H2S-rich) conditions may have developed widely during the Early Triassic, possibly reaching up to ultra-shallow environments in some places. However, the existence and the spatio-temporal extent of such redox swings remain poorly constrained. In order to explore Early Triassic paleoceanographic redox changes and their potential influences on the biotic recovery, we analyzed multiple sulfur isotopes (32S, 33S, 34S, and 36S) of sedimentary pyrite and carbonate associated sulfate (δ34SCAS) from the Mineral Mountains section, Utah. Sediments from this section were mainly deposited in shallow waters and span the Smithian and lower Spathian. We report a 68‰ range of variations in δ34Spy associated with Δ33Spy varying from −0.01‰ to +0.12‰, whereas the δ34SCAS varies between +19.5‰ and + 34.8‰. We interpret the observed signal of multiple sulfur isotopes as reflecting the operation of pore-water synsedimentary microbial sulfate reduction in open system with respect to sulfates before the late Smithian, evolving to a closed system, sulfate limited, Rayleigh-type distillation across the Smithian/Spathian boundary (SSB) and immediately after the SSB. We argue that this marked change is driven by the effectiveness of the connection between the sedimentary pore waters and the overlying water column, which is, in this case, controlled by the local sedimentological conditions such as the bioturbation intensity and the sedimentation rate. Therefore, our results suggest that changes in the sulfur cycle before and across the SSB at Mineral Mountains is probably a local consequence of the loss of the mixed sedimentary layer during the late Smithian extinction event, as opposed to reflecting the development of a lethal anoxic ocean at the global scale.
Published: 2019
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12. A new holocrinid (Articulata) from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA) highlights the high diversity of Early Triassic crinoids

Author: Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, Emmanuel Fara, Kevin G. Bylund, James F. Jenks, Pierre Gueriau, Emmanuelle Vennin, Thomas Saucède, Nicolas Goudemand, Arnaud Brayard, Mathieu Thoury, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Christophe Thomazo, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University, Deptarment of Earth Sciences, Utah Valley University (UVU), Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens (IPANEMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR-15-IDEX-0003,BFC,ISITE ' BFC(2015), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and ANR: ISITE-BFC,ANR-15-IDEX-0003
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Extinction, Paleozoic, Early Triassic, Paleontology, Biota, social sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, humanities, Articulata Crinoidea Holocrinus Spathian Paris Biota, boats, Geography, boats.ship_class, Space and Planetary Science, Articulata, Clade, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 9 pages; International audience; After the end-Permian crisis and the extinction of their four Paleozoic subclasses, crinoids rapidly recovered. This group is classically believed to have radiated from a small surviving clade and to have diversified during the Middle and Upper Triassic from two lineages. Nevertheless, recent findings suggested that several lineages of crinoids had already diversified during the Early Triassic, and that their diversity has been overlooked. Here we describe a new form of holocrinid, Holocrinus nov. sp., from the earliest Spathian (Early Triassic) of southeastern Idaho (USA). So far, the exceptional completeness of sampled specimens, with skeletal elements of arms and stem in connection, is unique for the Early Triassic. They show that derived morphological features had already evolved ∼1.3 million years after the Permian–Triassic boundary, supporting the scenario of a rapid Early Triassic diversification of crinoids.
Published: 2019
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13. Deciphering the exceptional preservation of the Early Triassic Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA)

Author: Emmanuel Fara, Miguel Iniesto, Christophe Thomazo, Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuelle Vennin, Gilles Escarguel, Kevin G. Bylund, Daniel A. Stephen, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Mathieu Thoury, James F. Jenks, Pierre Gueriau, Nicolas Goudemand, Nicolas Olivier, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deptarment of Earth Sciences, Utah Valley University (UVU), Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens (IPANEMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR: ISITE-BFC,ANR-15-IDEX-0003, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-15-IDEX-0003,BFC,ISITE ' BFC(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institute of Earth Sciences [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC)
Subjects: Extinction event, 010506 paleontology, Taphonomy, Ecology, Fauna, Paris Biota, Early Triassic, Paleontology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Biota, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Fossil characterization, 01 natural sciences, Raman microspectroscopy, Taxon, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 13 pages; International audience; After the end-Permian mass extinction, the Early Triassic (∼251.9 to 247 Ma) is characterized by several biotic crises that particularly affected marine faunas; accordingly, marine ecosystems from this unstable interval have been often described as heavily depauperate. This assumption, however, may relate to a biased fossil record. The discovery of taphonomic windows, like Konservat-Lagerstätten, in the Early Triassic would help to better understand the composition and diversity of ecosystems at that time. The Paris Biota (Idaho, USA) is a highly diverse fossil assemblage from the earliest Spathian (early late Olenekian, ∼250.6 Ma), indicating a rapid rediversification for many groups after the end-Permian crisis and pointing toward a remarkably complex marine ecosystem ∼1.3 m.y. after the Permian-Triassic boundary. However, its detailed taphonomy has not yet been investigated. Here we present the mineral characterization of four of its most abundant taxa: discinoid and linguloid brachiopods, leptomitid sponges, and caridean shrimps. For this purpose, we combined data from Raman microspectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraRed spectroscopy, and SEM-EDXS. Although all taxa were preserved in calcium phosphate, the morphology, structuring and size of crystals are highly dissimilar at a nano- to micrometric scale. In brachiopods, the ultrastructure of calcium phosphate shows unorganized bacillary-like crystals, while in crustaceans their size is considerably smaller and round-shaped. Similar small crystals are observed in sponges. However, the ultrastructure of calcium phosphate in sponges exhibits a well-defined preferential orientation. In addition, sponges show some compressed but preserved three-dimensional features, with an inner surface better preserved. Such analyses are essential to understand the taphonomic pathways enabling exceptional preservation. The further comprehension of preservation features would help to understand potential bias on observed diversity signals and their interpretation.
Published: 2019
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14. Glow in the dark: use of synchrotron μXRF trace elemental mapping and multispectral macro-imaging on fossils from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA)

Author: Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuelle Vennin, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Christophe Thomazo, Daniel A. Stephen, Mathieu Thoury, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Pierre Gueriau, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Goudemand, James F. Jenks, Nicolas Olivier, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut photonique d'analyse non-destructive européen des matériaux anciens (IPANEMA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Idaho Museum of Natural History, Idaho State University, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Deptarment of Earth Sciences, Utah Valley University (UVU), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR: ISITE-BFC,ANR-15-IDEX-0003, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-IDEX-0003,BFC,ISITE ' BFC(2015), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
Subjects: Extinction event, 010506 paleontology, Synchrotron μXRF mapping, Paris Biota, Early Triassic, Paleontology, Biota, Multispectral macro-imaging, Evolutionary fauna, Early Spathian, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Abundance (ecology), Marine ecosystem, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Species richness, 9 pages, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The end-Permian mass extinction is the largest global-scale event ever recorded; it also corresponds to the expansion of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna, which will lead to present-day ecosystems. The Early Triassic is thus a pivotal interval in the evolution of many marine groups. An exceptionally well-preserved early Spathian fossil assemblage, the Paris Biota, was recently discovered in southeastern Idaho, USA; it represents the earliest complex marine ecosystem known to date for the post-crisis aftermath. Here we use synchrotron μXRF imaging to retrieve further anatomical, paleobiological and taphonomical data on some of the most intriguing fossils from the Paris Biota, such as contours of the central disc and the full length of arms in an ophiuroid specimen. We also show that multispectral macro-imaging is powerful to reveal or enhance the visualization of some specimens, particularly shrimps, that are barely perceptible under visible and UV lights. The complementary use of both techniques suggests that the actual richness and abundance of organisms in this exceptionally well-preserved Early Triassic ecosystem is likely to remain underestimated, and this situation may be even worse in other less well-preserved spatiotemporal contexts.
Published: 2019
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15. A diagenetic control on the Early Triassic Smithian-Spathian carbon isotopic excursions recorded in the marine settings of the Thaynes Group (Utah, USA)

Author: James F. Jenks, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, Emmanuel Fara, Daniel A. Stephen, Olivier Mathieu, Kevin G. Bylund, S. Elmeknassi, Ivan Bour, Christophe Thomazo, Arnaud Brayard, Gilles Escarguel, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University, Study supported by the CNRS Insu Interrvie Programme and the Région Bourgogne., ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur. ( 2013 ), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Utah Valley University (UVU), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Early Triassic, Carbonates, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Carbon Cycle, Carbon cycle, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Paleontology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Utah, Sulfur Isotopes, Phanerozoic, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Extinction event, Carbon Isotopes, Authigenic, [ SDU.STU.GC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Diagenesis, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Carbonate, Geology
Abstract: 17 pages; International audience; n the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction, Early Triassic sediments record some of the largest Phanerozoic carbon isotopic excursions. Among them, a global Smithian-negative carbonate carbon isotope excursion has been identified, followed by an abrupt increase across the Smithian–Spathian boundary (SSB; ~250.8 Myr ago). This chemostratigraphic evolution is associated with palaeontological evidence that indicate a major collapse of terrestrial and marine ecosystems during the Late Smithian. It is commonly assumed that Smithian and Spathian isotopic variations are intimately linked to major perturbations in the exogenic carbon reservoir. We present paired carbon isotopes measurements from the Thaynes Group (Utah, USA) to evaluate the extent to which the Early Triassic isotopic perturbations reflect changes in the exogenic carbon cycle. The δ13Ccarb variations obtained here reproduce the known Smithian δ13Ccarb-negative excursion. However, the δ13C signal of the bulk organic matter is invariant across the SSB and variations in the δ34S signal of sedimentary sulphides are interpreted here to reflect the intensity of sediment remobilization. We argue that Middle to Late Smithian δ13Ccarb signal in the shallow marine environments of the Thaynes Group does not reflect secular evolution of the exogenic carbon cycle but rather physicochemical conditions at the sediment–water interface leading to authigenic carbonate formation during early diagenetic processes.
Published: 2016
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16. Palaeobiogeographical distribution of Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas within the western USA basin and its controlling parameters

Author: Hugo Bucher, Emmanuelle Vennin, Romain Jattiot, Gwénaël Caravaca, Gilles Escarguel, Arnaud Brayard, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Support from the Swiss NSF (project 160055) and from the Claraz Fund., ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), Universität Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), University of Zurich, and Korn, Dieter
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Evolution, Early Triassic, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, Behavior and Systematics, Abundance (ecology), distribution, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, depositional environment, Extinction event, abundance, Extinction, Ecology, Palaeontology, ammonoid, 15. Life on land, 1911 Paleontology, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, palaeobiogeography, Clastic rock, Facies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract: 24 pages; International audience; We present the first quantitative palaeobiogeographical analysis in terms of distribution and abundance of Early Triassic ammonoids from the western USA basin during the Smithian, c. 1 myr after the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction. The faunal dataset consists of a taxonomically homogenized compilation of spatial and temporal occurrences and abundances from 27 sections distributed within the western USA basin. Two complementary multivariate techniques were applied to identify the main biogeographical structuring recorded in the analysed presence/absence data: additive cluster analysis using the neighbor‐joining algorithm (NJ) and non‐metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Regarding abundance data, a taxonomic diversity (sensu evenness) analysis was coupled with graphical comparisons of relative abundances of selected taxa. The identified relationships indicate that middle Smithian ammonoids of the western USA basin were geographically organized in terms of both distribution and abundance, with the biogeographical distinction of a southern and a northern cluster. This N–S structuring in the distribution and abundance of middle Smithian ammonoids is notably paralleled by the relative amount of siliciclastics, which suggests that clastic load of the water column was a major controlling factor. In marked contrast with the middle Smithian, the studied late Smithian ammonoid assemblages do not show any significant differences, whatever the depositional environment. This abrupt biogeographical homogenization, independent from intrabasinal facies heterogeneity, indicates a switch from regional to global drivers, associated with the well‐known late Smithian global extinction and remarkable cosmopolitan ammonoid distributions during that time.
Published: 2018
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17. Controlling factors for differential subsidence in the Sonoma Foreland Basin (Early Triassic, western USA)

Author: Anne-Sabine Grosjean, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Olivier, Michel Guiraud, Daniel A. Stephen, Gwénaël Caravaca, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuelle Vennin, Arnaud Brayard, James F. Jenks, Christophe Thomazo, Kevin G. Bylund, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences, Utah Valley University, Utah Valley University (UVU), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lithospheric strength, Sonoma orogeny, Early Triassic, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Allochthon, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, Petrology, Foreland basin, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, subsidence, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Tectonic subsidence, Geology, Subsidence, 15. Life on land, Basement (geology), [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sedimentary rock, foreland basins, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: Sediments deposited from the Permian–Triassic boundary (~252 Ma) until the end-Smithian (Early Triassic;c.250.7 Ma) in the Sonoma Foreland Basin show marked thickness variations between its southern (up toc.250 m thick) and northern (up toc.550 m thick) parts. This basin formed as a flexural response to the emplacement of the Golconda Allochthon during the Sonoma orogeny. Using a high-resolution backstripping approach, a numerical model and sediment thickness to obtain a quantitative subsidence analysis, we discuss the controlling factor(s) responsible for spatial variations in thickness. We show that sedimentary overload is not sufficient to explain the significant discrepancy observed in the sedimentary record of the basin. We argue that the inherited rheological properties of the basement terranes and spatial heterogeneity of the allochthon are of paramount importance in controlling the subsidence and thickness spatial distribution across the Sonoma Foreland Basin.
Published: 2018
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18. Late Smithian microbial deposits and their lateral marine fossiliferous limestones (Early Triassic, Hurricane Cliffs, Utah, USA)

Author: Dawn Snyder, James F. Jenks, Christophe Thomazo, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Goudemand, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Arnaud Brayard, Daniel A. Stephen, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Olivier, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] ( LGL-TPE ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Developmental Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Utah Valley University (UVU), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Stratigraphy, Fauna, Early Triassic, Intertidal zone, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Metazoan fauna, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, Biotic recovery, Sedimentary depositional environment, Depositional environments, Paleontology, 14. Life underwater, Sedimentology, Stenohaline, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Late Smithian, Geology, Microbial deposits, Lingulids, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Facies, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Tidal flat
Abstract: International audience; Recurrent microbialite proliferations during the Early Triassic are usually explained by ecological relaxation and abnormal oceanic conditions. Most Early Triassic microbialites are described as single or multiple lithological units without detailed ecological information about lateral and coeval fossiliferous deposits. Exposed rocks along Workman Wash in the Hurricane Cliffs (southwestern Utah, USA) provide an opportunity to reconstruct the spatial relationships of late Smithian microbialites with adjacent and contemporaneous fossiliferous sediments. Microbialites deposited in an intertidal to subtidal interior platform are intercalated between inner tidal flat dolosiltstones and subtidal bioturbated fossiliferous limestones. Facies variations along these fossiliferous deposits and microbialites can be traced laterally over a few hundreds of meters. Preserved organisms reflect a moderately diversified assemblage, contemporaneous to the microbialite formation. The presence of such a fauna, including some stenohaline organisms (echinoderms), indicates that the development of these late Smithian microbial deposits occurred in normal-marine waters as a simple facies belt subject to relative sea-level changes. Based on this case study, the proliferation of microbialites cannot be considered as direct evidence for presumed harsh environmental conditions.
Published: 2018
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19. Superstesaster promissor gen. et sp. nov., a new starfish (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from the Early Triassic of Utah, USA, filling a major gap in the phylogeny of asteroids

Author: Daniel A. Stephen, Kevin G. Bylund, Loïc Villier, Arnaud Brayard, Gilles Escarguel, James F. Jenks, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements ( CR2P ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University, CNRS INSU Intervie, ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur. ( 2013 ), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Utah Valley University (UVU), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, new taxon, Paleozoic, Permian, Range (biology), Early Triassic, Starfish, Biology, phylogeny, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Paleontology, Asteroidea, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Ecology, Crown group, biology.organism_classification, Triassic, Taxon, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ordovician, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: 21 pages; International audience; We describe Superstesaster promissor gen. et sp. nov., a starfish from the Smithian (Early Triassic) of Utah (USA) that fills a major gap in the fossil record of the Asteroidea. The post-Palaeozoic crown group Asteroidea are distinct from any of the diverse Palaeozoic forms. However, current understanding of the Palaeozoic–Mesozoic transition is blurred by a large gap in the fossil record between the Early Permian and the Middle Triassic. Building on the newly described taxon, a phylogenetic analysis investigates the relationships between Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Asteroidea. Including 30 species and 70 morphological characters, it is the most comprehensive phylogeny produced for fossil starfishes so far. Relationships among Palaeozoic forms remain poorly resolved, but their position in the tree is grossly consistent with stratigraphy. The tree topology implies the appearance of a wide range of morphologies during the Ordovician, a bottleneck during the end-Devonian events, and a second diversification during the Carboniferous, before a diversity decline at the end of the Permian. Superstesaster promissor nests above Palaeozoic taxa and appears as the sister group to the post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea. It represents the first record of a member of the stem group in the Mesozoic, and it likely reflects the ancestral morphology of the crown group. S. promissor shares with the crown group typical ambulacral and adambulacral plate shape and articulation. Phylogenetic relationships within the crown group remain poorly resolved, although three clades are consistent with molecular and morphological phylogenies available for extant forms: Valvatacea (Comptoniaster, Pentasteria, Advenaster, Noviaster), Forcipulatacea (Germanasterias, Argoviaster) and Velatida (Tropidaster, Protremaster). A Triassic and Jurassic radiation of the crown group is confirmed. Most Triassic and Jurassic forms do not share all synapomorphies with extant clades and usually represent separate clades or stem members of modern clades rather than true members of modern families.
Published: 2018
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20. An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA - a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Author: Emmanuel Fara, Larisa A. Doguzhaeva, Kevin G. Bylund, Arnaud Brayard, Laurel J. Krumenacker, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Goudemand, James F. Jenks, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Olivier, Department of Palaeobiology [Stockholm], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Earth Sciences [MSU Bozeman], Montana State University (MSU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Study supported by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences., ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), ANR-14-ACHN-0010,EvoDevOdonto,Origine et evolution des appendices epitheliaux chez les vertebres: une perspective interdisciplinaire(2014), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie ( LMTG ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon ( IGFL ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de géobiologie, biochronologie et paléontologie humaine ( LGBPH ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Departement Histoire de la Terre, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Idaho, Early Triassic, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, phylogeny, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:GN282-286.7, gladius, biology.animal, lcsh:Fossil man. Human paleontology, 14. Life underwater, Gladius, Mesozoic, Mantle (mollusc), lcsh:QE701-760, Coleoidea, USA, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Squid, biology, Paleontology, Anatomy, soft tissue preservation, biology.organism_classification, Triassic, Cephalopod, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Cephalopoda, lcsh:Paleontology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ultrastructure, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract: 15 pages; International audience; We describe an Olenekian (Early Triassic) “fossil squid” belonging to the oldest complex Mesozoic marine biota collected in the Lower Shale unit of the Lower Triassic Thaynes Group in Idaho, USA. The studied specimen shows a tapered structure embedded in a cylindrical soft body. Morphological, ultrastructural and geochemical features of the specimen suggest that it corresponds to an internally-shelled cephalopod exhibiting a tapered micro-laminated gladius with rachis, narrow median and lateral fields and a large conus; a pair of posterior large fin-supported cartilages and fins; ventral and dorsal mantle band-shape structures, the dorsal one being cartilaginous; mantle patches; a stomach containing undigested arm-hooks and sheet-like pieces of potential flooded ink. Coupled SEM/EDS analyses show that (i) arm-hooks and ink were pseudomorphed by nanoparticles (less than 0.6 mm in diameter) of carbon, (ii) gladius and soft tissues were substituted by granules of calcium phosphate, (iii) cartilage canalicula’s were partially filled with calcium phosphate grains and crystals of Zn- and S-containing minerals. The specimen was hence probably fossilized due to metabolism of P- and C-accumulating bacteria. Based on this specimen, Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. and Idahoteuthidae Doguzhaeva and Brayard fam. nov. are erected. This family is characterized by an elongated, cylindrical, dorsally cartilaginous muscular mantle; well-developed, about 0.2 mantle length, rounded anteriorly and acute posteriorly, fin-supported cartilages and similarly shaped two fins at conical mantle termination, and thin slender gladius with narrow median and lateral fields, rachis and breviconic conus. This family assumedly falls in Myopsida (Decabrachia). A streamlined body, large fin-supported cartilages and eroded arm-hooks in the stomach of Idahoteuthis Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. nov. suggest that this was a maneuverable cannibal predator that dwelled in the subequatorial shallow sea of the west coast of Pangaea.
Published: 2018
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21. Early Triassic environmental dynamics and microbial development during the Smithian–Spathian transition (Lower Weber Canyon, Utah, USA)

Author: James F. Jenks, Daniel A. Stephen, Gwénaël Caravaca, Kevin G. Bylund, Emmanuel Fara, Christophe Thomazo, Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Olivier, Anne-Sabine Grosjean, Gilles Escarguel, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University (UVU), FEDER Bourgogne Franche-Comté, ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SPIN-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV-ENSMSE ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-SPIN-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Utah Valley University, and ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur. ( 2013 )
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Lithology, Stratigraphy, Early Triassic, Western USA basin, Structural basin, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary structures, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, Depositional environments, Paleontology, Smithian–Spathian transition, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Canyon, Extinction event, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, Microbial deposits, 15. Life on land, MISS, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sedimentary rock
Abstract: 16 pages; International audience; The Early Triassic biotic recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction is well documented in the Smithian–Spathian Thaynes Group of the western USA basin. This sedimentary succession is commonly interpreted as recording harsh conditions of various shallow marine environments where microbial structures flourished. However, recent studies questioned the relevance of the classical view of long-lasting deleterious post-crisis conditions and suggested a rapid diversification of some marine ecosystems during the Early Triassic. Using field and microfacies analyses, we investigate a well-preserved Early Triassic marine sedimentary succession in Lower Weber Canyon (Utah, USA). The identification of microbial structures and their depositional settings provide insights on factors controlling their morphologies and distribution. The Lower Weber Canyon sediments record the vertical evolution of depositional environments from a middle Smithian microbial and dolosiliciclastic peritidal system to a late Smithian-early Spathian bioclastic, muddy mid ramp. The microbial deposits are interpreted as Microbially Induced Sedimentary Structures (MISS) that developed either (1) in a subtidal mid ramp where microbial wrinkles and chips are associated with megaripples characterizing hydrodynamic conditions of lower flow regime, or (2) in protected areas of inter- to subtidal inner ramp where they formed laminae and domal structures. Integrated with other published data, our investigations highlight that the distribution of these microbial structures was influenced by the combined effects of bathymetry, hydrodynamic conditions, lithology of the substrat physico-chemical characteristics of the depositional environment and by the regional relative sea-level fluctuations. Thus, we suggest that local environmental factors and basin dynamics primarily controlled the modalities of microbial development and preservation during the Early Triassic in the western USA basin.
Published: 2018
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22. Evolution of depositional settings in the Torrey area during the Smithian (Early Triassic, Utah, USA) and their significance for the biotic recovery

Author: Arnaud Brayard, Nicolas Olivier, Daniel A. Stephen, James F. Jenks, Emmanuelle Vennin, Gwénaël Caravaca, Emmanuel Fara, Kevin G. Bylund, and Gilles Escarguel
Subjects: Extinction event, 010506 paleontology, Red beds, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Early Triassic, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, Paleontology, Facies, Sedimentary rock, Siliciclastic, 14. Life underwater, Reef, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This work focuses on well-exposed Lower Triassic sedimentary rocks in the area of Torrey (south-central Utah, USA). The studied Smithian deposits record a large-scale third-order sea-level cycle, which permits a detailed reconstruction of the evolution of depositional settings. During the middle Smithian, peritidal microbial limestones associated with a rather low-diversity benthic fauna were deposited seaward of the tidal flat siliciclastic red beds. Associated with siliceous sponges, microbial limestones formed small m-scale patch reefs. During the late middle to late Smithian interval, the sedimentary system is characterized by tidal flat dolostones of an interior platform, ooid-bioclastic deposits of a tide-dominated shoal complex, and mid-shelf bioclastic limestones. Microbial deposits, corresponding to sparse stromatolites formed in the interior platform, are contemporaneous with a well-diversified marine fauna living in a seaward shoal complex and mid-shelf area. The nature and distribution of these Smithian microbial deposits are not related to any particular deleterious environmental condition, highlighting that observed patterns of biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction were directly influenced by depositional settings. Facies evolution and stratal stacking patterns allow us to identify large, medium and small-scale, as well as elementary depositional sequences. Large- and medium-scale sequences are consistent with sea-level changes, whereas small-scale and elementary sequences are better explained by autocyclic processes.
Published: 2015
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23. Early Triassic fluctuations of the global carbon cycle: New evidence from paired carbon isotopes in the western USA basin

Author: James F. Jenks, Daniel A. Stephen, Théophile Cocquerez, Christophe Thomazo, Arnaud Brayard, Kevin G. Bylund, Nicolas Olivier, Gwénaël Caravaca, Emmanuelle Vennin, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 1134 Johnson Ridge Lane, West Jordan, 140 South 700 East, Spanish Fork, Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University (UVU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés ( LEHNA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État ( ENTPE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Utah Valley University
Subjects: Net isotopic effect, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Permian, Early Triassic, Western USA basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, chemistry.chemical_compound, Paleontology, Phanerozoic, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Extinction event, Global and Planetary Change, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Spathian, Smithian, Diagenesis, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, Paired carbon isotopes, Carbonate, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; In the aftermath of the catastrophic end-Permian mass extinction, the Early Triassic records recurrent perturbations in the carbon isotope signal, most notably during the Smithian and through the Smithian/Spathian Boundary (SSB; ~ 1.5 myr after the Permian/Triassic boundary), which show some of the largest excursions of the Phanerozoic. The late Smithian also corresponds to major biotic turnovers and environmental changes, such as temperature fluctuations, that deeply impacted the recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction. Here we document the paired carbon isotope signal along with an analysis of the trace and major elements at the long-known Hot Springs section (southeastern Idaho, USA). This section records Early Triassic sediments from the Griesbachian-Dienerian up to the lower Spathian. We show that the organic and carbonate δ13C variations mirror the signals identified at a global scale. Particularly, the middle Smithian-SSB event represented by a negative-positive isotopic couplet is well identified and is not of diagenetic origin. We also document a positive excursion potentially corresponding to the Dienerian/Smithian Boundary. Observed Smithian-Spathian excursions are recorded similarly in both the organic and carbonate reservoirs, but the organic matter signal systematically shows unexpectedly dampened variations compared to its carbonate counterpart. Additionally, we show that variations in the net isotopic effect (i.e., Δ13C) probably resulted from a complex set of forcing parameters including either a mixing between terrestrial and marine organic matter depending on the evolution of the depositional setting, or variations in the biological fractionation. We establish that the Δ13C signal cannot be directly related to CO2-driven temperature variations at Hot Springs. Even though the carbon isotope signal mirrors the Early Triassic variations known at the global scale, the Hot Springs signal probably also reflects local influences on the carbon isotopes that are neither diagenetic nor representative of the global exogenic carbon cycle
Published: 2017
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24. A NEW KEY SMITHIAN (EARLY TRIASSIC) QUANTITATIVE AMMONOID BIOCHRONOLOGY FROM THE WESTERN USA BASIN

Author: James F. Jenks, Arnaud Brayard, Morgane Brosse, Kevin G. Bylund, Romain Jattiot, and Hugo Bucher
Subjects: Paleontology, Biochronology, Early Triassic, Key (lock), Structural basin, Geology
Published: 2016
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25. Taphonomy of dense concentrations of juvenile ammonoids in the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale, east-central Utah, USA

Author: Patricia Garcia, Holly Jean Carter, Kevin G. Bylund, R. Dawn McShinsky, and Daniel A. Stephen
Subjects: Mass mortality, Paleontology, Fossil Record, Taphonomy, Space and Planetary Science, Lithology, Juvenile, Oil shale, Semelparity and iteroparity, Cretaceous, Geology
Abstract: Dense concentrations of juvenile ammonoids were recently discovered in the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale of east-central Utah. In this paper, we describe this remarkable fossil occurrence and propose a taphonomic model to explain it. Large accumulations of cephalopods are not uncommon in the stratigraphic record, though concentrations of juveniles are relatively rare. Lithologic, geochemical, and stratigraphic evidence suggest that the unusual fossil occurrence we document here resulted from a combination of factors. We think the cause of these dense concentrations of juvenile ammonoids involves the hypothesized semelparous reproductive strategy of ammonoids, environmentally driven mass mortality, and a peculiar taphonomic phenomenon. In our model, an important role is played by the adverse oceanographic conditions common during the extreme greenhouse global climate regime of the Cretaceous, manifested by the well-known Ocean Anoxic Events around the time when these deposits were formed. The proposed mechanisms responsible for the mass accumulations we report here have operated at other times in Earth history, and may help explain similar occurrences elsewhere in the fossil record.
Published: 2012
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26. Transient metazoan reefs in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction

Author: Emmanuelle Vennin, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Goudemand, Hugo Bucher, James F. Jenks, Daniel A. Stephen, Arnaud Brayard, Nicolas Olivier, Richard Hofmann, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University (UVU), Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Work funded by the Région Bourgogne, the FRB, the INSU Interrvie, and by the Swiss NSF project 200020-113554., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zurich, Brayard, A, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] ( LGL-TPE ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Utah Valley University, Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Early Triassic, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Paleontology, 14. Life underwater, Reef, Permian–Triassic extinction event, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Extinction event, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Extinction, 1900 General Earth and Planetary Sciences, fungi, Ocean acidification, social sciences, humanities, Oceanography, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, geographic locations, Geology
Abstract: 5 pages; International audience; Recovery from the devastating Permian-Triassic mass extinction about 252 million years ago is usually assumed to have spanned the entire 5 million years of the Early Triassic epoch1,2. The post-crisis interval was characterized by large-scale fluctuations of the global carbon cycle and harsh marine conditions, including a combination of ocean acidification, euxinia, and fluctuating productivity3. During this interval, metazoan-dominated reefs are thought to have been replaced by microbial deposits that are considered the hallmark of the Early Triassic4-7. Here we use field and microscopic investigations to document Early Triassic bioaccumulations and reefs from the western USA that comprise of various sponges and serpulids associated with microbialites and other eukaryotic benthic organisms. These metazoan-rich reefs were formed only 1.5 million years after the extinction, in contrast to previous suggestions of a much delayed recovery of complex benthic communities. We conclude that the predominance of microbial reefs following the mass extinction is restricted to short intervals of the earliest Triassic. We suggest that metazoan reef building continued throughout the Early Triassic wherever permitted by environmental conditions.
Published: 2011
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27. Gastropod evidence against the Early Triassic Lilliput effect

Author: Alexander Nützel, James F. Jenks, Hugo Bucher, Kevin G. Bylund, Daniel A. Stephen, Arnaud Brayard, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Sektion für Paläontologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Department of Earth Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule [Zürich] ( ETH Zürich ), Research grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (NU 96/6-1, 6-2), from the Scholarly Activities Committee, Utah Valley University, and from the Swiss National Science Foundation project 200020-113554., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Utah Valley University (UVU), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Zurich, and Brayard, A
Subjects: Extinction event, 010506 paleontology, Ecology, Fauna, Size reduction, Early Triassic, Geology, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Size frequency, Assemblage (archaeology), 14. Life underwater, Mesozoic, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Clade, 1907 Geology, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 4 pages; International audience; Size reduction in the aftermath of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event has repeatedly been described for various marine organisms, including gastropods (the Lilliput effect). A Smithian gastropod assemblage from Utah, USA, reveals numerous large-sized specimens of different genera as high as 70 mm, the largest ever reported from the Early Triassic. Other gastropods reported from Serbia and Italy are also as large as 35 mm. Size frequency distributions of the studied assemblages indicate that they were not unusually small when compared with later Mesozoic and modern faunas. The occurrence of large-sized gastropods less than 2 Ma after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction refutes the Lilliput hypothesis in this clade, at least for the last ~75% of the Early Triassic.
Published: 2010
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28. Early Triassic Gulliver gastropods: Spatio-temporal distribution and significance for biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction

Author: Emmanuelle Vennin, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Michael Hautmann, Nicolas Olivier, Arnaud Brayard, Hugo Bucher, Daniel A. Stephen, Alexander Nützel, Gilles Escarguel, Emmanuel Fara, Maximiliano Meier, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Sektion für Paläontologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University (UVU), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), University of Zurich, Brayard, Arnaud, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] ( LGL-TPE ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Utah Valley University, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Early Triassic, Sampling effect, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Biotic recovery, Paleontology, 14. Life underwater, Permian–Triassic extinction event, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Extinction event, Extinction, 1900 General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Body size, Lilliput effect, Oceanography, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Benthic zone, Gastropods, Facies, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rarefaction (ecology), [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; A reduction in body size (Lilliput effect) has been repeatedly proposed for many marine organisms in the aftermath of the Permian–Triassic (PT) mass extinction. Specifically-reduced maximum sizes of benthic marine invertebrates have been proposed for the entire Early Triassic. This concept was originally based on observations on Early Triassic gastropods from the western USA basin and the Dolomites (N Italy) and it stimulated subsequent studies on other taxonomic groups. However, only a few studies have tested the validity of the Lilliput effect in gastropods to determine whether the paucity of large-sized gastropods is a genuine signal or the result of a poor fossil record and insufficient sampling. In combination with a review of the literature, we document numerous new, abundant, large-sized gastropods from the Griesbachian outcrops of Greenland and from the Smithian–early Spathian interval in the southwestern USA. We show that large-sized (“Gulliver”) gastropods (i) were present soon after the PT mass extinction, (ii) occurred in various basins, sedimentary facies and environmental contexts (from shallow to deeper settings), and (iii) belong to diverse higher-rank taxa. Focusing on the western USA basin, we investigate areas from which microgastropod shell-beds were previously presented as being typical. However, we show that Gulliver gastropods do occur in the very same areas. Insufficient sampling effort is probably the main reason for the rarity of reports of large Early Triassic gastropods, which is supported by preliminary rarefaction-based simulations. Finally, it appears that the recently documented middle to late Smithian climate shifts and the severe end-Smithian extinction of nekto-pelagic faunas did not reduce maximum shell sizes of gastropods.
Published: 2015
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29. Microbial deposits in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction: A diverging case from the Mineral Mountains (Utah, USA)

Author: Richard Hofmann, Christophe Thomazo, Kevin G. Bylund, Emmanuelle Vennin, Ivan Bour, Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuel Fara, Daniel A. Stephen, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Olivier, James F. Jenks, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] ( LGL-TPE ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Study supported by the CNRS-INSU Interrvie 2011, 2012 and 2013 programs, by GDF-Suez funding and the Région Bourgogne., AFTER ANR-13-JS06-0001-01,AFTER ANR-13-JS06-0001-01, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Utah Valley University (UVU), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), University of Zurich, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbially induced sedimentary structure, reef evolution, Stratigraphy, Early Triassic, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Sedimentary depositional environment, Depositional environments, Paleontology, Utah, 14. Life underwater, Reef, 1907 Geology, Permian–Triassic extinction event, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Oncolite, Extinction event, Red beds, geography, Spathian, geography.geographical_feature_category, Early Triassic recovery, Smithian, microbialites, Geology, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 15. Life on land, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 1913 Stratigraphy, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: 40 pages; International audience; The Lower Triassic Mineral Mountains area (Utah, USA) preserves diversified Smithian and Spathian reefs and bioaccumulations that contain fenestral-microbialites and various benthic and pelagic organisms. Ecological and environmental changes during the Early Triassic are commonly assumed to be associated with numerous perturbations (productivity changes, acidifica-tion, redox changes, hypercapnia, eustatism and temperature changes) post-dating the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. New data acquired in the Mineral Mountains sediments provide evidence to decipher the relationships between depositional environments and the growth and distribution of microbial structures. These data also help to understand better the controlling factors acting upon sedimentation and community turnovers through the Smithian–early Spathian. The studied section records a large-scale depositional sequence during the Dienerian(?)–Spathian interval. During the transgression, depositional environments evolved from a coastal bay with continental deposits to intertidal fenestral–microbial limestones, shallow subtidal marine sponge–microbial reefs to deep subtidal mud-dominated limestones. Storm-induced deposits, microbialite–sponge reefs and shallow subtidal deposits indicate the regression. Three microbialite associations occur in ascending order: (i) a red beds microbialite association deposited in low-energy hypersaline supratidal conditions where microbialites consist of microbial mats and poorly preserved microbially induced sedimentary structure; (ii) a Smithian microbialite association formed in moderate to high-energy, tidal conditions where microbialites include stromatolites and associated carbonate grains (oncoids, ooids and peloids); and (iii) a Spathian microbialite association developed in low-energy offshore conditions that is preserved as multiple decimetre thick isolated domes and coalescent domes. Data indicate that the morphologies of the three microbialite associations are controlled primarily by accommodation, hydrodynamics, bathymetry and grain supply. This study suggests that microbial constructions are controlled by changes between trapping and binding versus precipitation processes in variable hydrodynamic conditions. Due to the presence of numerous metazoans associated with microbialites throughout the Smithian increase in accommodation and Spathian decrease in accommodation, the commonly assumed anachronistic character of the Early Triassic microbialites and the traditional view of prolonged deleterious conditions during the Early Triassic time interval is questioned.
Published: 2015
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30. 3D model related to the publication: Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse

Author: Torsten M. Scheyer, Hugo Bucher, Kevin G. Bylund, Romain Jattiot, Carlo Romano, James F. Jenks, and University of Zurich
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010506 paleontology, biology, Early Triassic, Actinopterygii, Vertebrate, 3d model, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Oceanography, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, biology.animal, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Eclipse
Published: 2017
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31. Smithian shoreline migrations and depositional settings in Timpoweap Canyon (Early Triassic, Utah, USA)

Author: Arnaud Brayard, Daniel A. Stephen, Nicolas Olivier, James F. Jenks, Emmanuel Fara, Kevin G. Bylund, Emmanuelle Vennin, Gilles Escarguel, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University (UVU), Study supported by the Region Bourgogne and the CNRS INSU Interrvie., ANR-13-JS06-0001,AFTER,Après la fin : la reconstruction des communautés marines durant la rediversification du Trias inférieur.(2013), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] ( LGL-TPE ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Utah Valley University, AFTER ANR-13-JS06-0001-01,AFTER ANR-13-JS06-0001-01, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Outcrop, Early Triassic, shoreline migrations, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, relative sea level, Paleontology, 14. Life underwater, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Canyon, geography, SW Utah, geography.geographical_feature_category, Terrigenous sediment, Smithian, microbialites, Geology, 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Facies, Sedimentary rock, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, depositional environments
Abstract: In Timpoweap Canyon near Hurricane (Utah, USA), spectacular outcrop conditions of Early Triassic rocks document the geometric relationships between a massive Smithian fenestral-microbial unit and underlying, lateral and overlying sedimentary units. This allows us to reconstruct the evolution of depositional environments and high-frequency relative sea-level fluctuations in the studied area. Depositional environments evolved from a coastal plain with continental deposits to peritidal settings with fenestral-microbial limestones, which are overlain by intertidal to shallow subtidal marine bioclastic limestones. This transgressive trend of a large-scale depositional sequence marks a long-term sea-level rise that is identified worldwide after the Permian–Triassic boundary. The fenestral-microbial sediments were deposited at the transition between continental settings (with terrigenous deposits) and shallow subtidal marine environments (with bioturbated and bioclastic limestones). Such a lateral zonation questions the interpretation of microbial deposits as anachronistic and disaster facies in the western USA basin. The depositional setting may have triggered the distribution of microbial deposits and contemporaneous marine biota. The fenestral-microbial unit is truncated by an erosional surface reflecting a drop in relative sea level at the scale of a medium depositional sequence. The local inherited topography allowed the recording of small-scale sequences characterized by clinoforms and short-distance lateral facies changes. Stratal stacking pattern and surface geometries allow the reconstruction of relative sea-level fluctuations and tracking of shoreline migrations. The stacking pattern of these small-scale sequences and the amplitude of corresponding high-frequency sea-level fluctuations are consistent with climatic control. Large- and medium-scale sequences suggest a regional tectonic control.
Published: 2014
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32. Recovery of benthic marine communities from the end-Permian mass extinction at the low latitudes of eastern Panthalassa

Author: Nicolas Olivier, Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuelle Vennin, Kevin G. Bylund, Hugo Bucher, James F. Jenks, Richard Hofmann, Michael Hautmann, Alexander Nützel, Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften, Sektion für Paläontologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Work supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation project 200020_140350/1, the R egion Bourgogne, the CNRS INSU Interrvie, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (NU 96/6-1, 6-1)., University of Zurich, Hofmann, Richard, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Zürich [Zürich] ( UZH ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München-Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] ( LGL-TPE ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Thaynes, Early Triassic, Ecological succession, 10125 Paleontological Institute and Museum, Biology, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, diversity, Paleontology, recovery, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Permian–Triassic extinction event, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Extinction event, Sinbad, Ecology, fungi, 15. Life on land, palaeoecology, 1911 Paleontology, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Oceanography, 560 Fossils & prehistoric life, Habitat, Benthic zone, benthic ecosystems, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Paleoecology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract: 43 pages; International audience; Based on the quantitative community analysis using species-level identifications, we track the restoration of benthic ecosystems after the end-Permian mass extinction throughout the Lower Triassic of the western USA. New data on the palaeoecology of the Thaynes Group and Sinbad Formation are provided, which fill a gap between the recently studied palaeoecology of the Griesbachian-Dienerian Dinwoody Formation and the Spathian Virgin Formation. In the Sinbad Formation and Thaynes Group, 17 species (12 genera) of bivalves, 7 species and genera of gastropods and 2 species and genera of brachiopods are recognized. The new bivalve genus Confusionella (Pteriidae) is described. A comprehensive review of the whole Lower Triassic succession of benthic ecosystems of the western USA indicates that midand inner shelf environments show incipient recovery signals around the Griesbachian-Dienerian transition, during the Smithian and, most profound, during the early Spathian. Ecological data from youngest strata of the Dinwoody Formation as well as stratigraphic ranges of species suggest that the late Dienerian was likely a time interval of environmental stress for benthic ecosystems. Despite some evidence for short-term environmental disturbances (e.g. shift of dominant taxa, transient drop in alpha-diversity) during the Smithian-Spathian transition, benthic ecosystems did not show any notable taxonomic turnover at that time, in contrast to the major crisis that affected ammonoids and conodonts. Whereas alpha-diversity of benthic communities generally increased throughout the Early Triassic, beta-diversity remained low, which reflects a persistently wide environmental range of benthic species. This observation is in accordance with a recently proposed model that predicts a time lag between increasing within-habitat diversity (alphadiversity) and the onset of taxonomic differentiation between habitats (beta-diversity) during biotic recoveries from mass extinction events. The observation that beta-diversity had not significantly increased during the Early Triassic might also provide an explanation for the comparably sluggish increase in benthic diversity during that time, which has previously been attributed to persistent environmental stress.
Published: 2014
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33. Smithian ammonoid faunas from Utah: implications for Early Triassic biostratigraphy, correlation and basinal paleogeography

Author: Nicolas Olivier, Gilles Escarguel, Daniel A. Stephen, James F. Jenks, Arnaud Brayard, Emmanuelle Vennin, Kevin G. Bylund, Emmanuel Fara, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth Science, Utah Valley University, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] ( LGL-TPE ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Work funded by the Région Bourgogne, the FRB, and the CNRS INSU Interrvie., Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Utah Valley University (UVU), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, food.ingredient, Range (biology), Early Triassic, Diachronous, Biostratigraphy, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [ SDU.STU.ST ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Sequence (geology), food, Utah, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDU.STU.PG ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Meekoceras, biology, Smithian, Ammonoids, biology.organism_classification, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Paleogeography, Anasibirites, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, New genus and species, Geology, Marine transgression
Abstract: 79 pages; International audience; Intensive sampling of the lower portion of the Thaynes and Moenkopi Groups (Lower Triassic) at separate localities within the Confusion Range, Pahvant Range, Mineral Mountains, Star Range, Kanarraville, Cedar City, Torrey and San Rafael Swell areas (mainly central and southern Utah, USA) leads to the recognition of a new key regional Smithian ammonoid succession. The new biostratigraphical sequence, which is more precise than the long-recognized Meekoceras gracilitatis and Anasibirites kingianus Zones, comprises twelve subdivisions, thus resulting in a sequence with much higher resolution that can be correlated not only with other western USA sites, but also with major worldwide localities as well. Middle and late Smithian faunas contain many taxa with wide geographic distribution, thus enabling long-distance correlation with faunal successions from other regions (e.g., British Columbia, Canadian Arctic, South China, Spiti and Oman). New assemblages from the lowermost beds are the least diversified and poorest preserved; they represent the earliest early/middle Smithian ammonoid faunas reported from the western North American basin. They highlight (a) the sudden Smithian advancement of the marine transgression within this epicontinental sea, (b) that this event is diachronous, and (c) that the paleotopography of the basin most likely was highly irregular. The newly obtained ammonoid succession also allows us to date and follow the transgression from the northern and central part of the basin to the southwesternmost and southeasternmost parts, which were reached during the late Smithian (Anasibirites kingianus beds). In addition, we briefly discuss the now-limited previous regional biozonation in the light of these new results. One new genus (Minersvillites) and nine new species (Kashmirites utahensis, Kashmirites confusionensis, Kashmirites stepheni, ?Xiaoqiaoceras americanum, Minersvillites farai, Inyoites beaverensis, Meekoceras olivieri, Meekoceras millardense, Vercherites undulatus) are also described.
Published: 2013
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33 results on '"Kevin G. Bylund"'

1. Exceptional fossil assemblages confirm the existence of complex Early Triassic ecosystems during the early Spathian

2. An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA—a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

3. The Paris Biota decapod (Arthropoda) fauna and the diversity of Triassic decapods

4. Latest Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid assemblages in Utah (western USA basin) and their implications for regional biostratigraphy, biogeography and placement of the Smithian/Spathian boundary

5. Exceptional fossil assemblages confirm the existence of complex Early Triassic ecosystems during the early Spathian

6. UPPER CRETACEOUS AMMONITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF THE MANCOS SHALE IN THE SAN RAFAEL SWELL, EAST-CENTRAL UTAH

7. AMMONITE BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF THE MANCOS SHALE (UPPER CRETACEOUS) IN THE SAN RAFAEL SWELL, EAST-CENTRAL UTAH

8. New middle and late Smithian ammonoid faunas from the Utah/Arizona border: new evidence for calibrating Early Triassic transgressive-regressive trends and paleobiogeographical signals in the western USA basin

9. Smithian ammonoid faunas from northeastern Nevada: implications for Early Triassic biostratigraphy and correlation within the western USA basin

10. Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse

11. Multiple sulfur isotope signals associated with the late Smithian event and the Smithian/Spathian boundary

12. A new holocrinid (Articulata) from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA) highlights the high diversity of Early Triassic crinoids

13. Deciphering the exceptional preservation of the Early Triassic Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA)

14. Glow in the dark: use of synchrotron μXRF trace elemental mapping and multispectral macro-imaging on fossils from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA)

15. A diagenetic control on the Early Triassic Smithian-Spathian carbon isotopic excursions recorded in the marine settings of the Thaynes Group (Utah, USA)

16. Palaeobiogeographical distribution of Smithian (Early Triassic) ammonoid faunas within the western USA basin and its controlling parameters

17. Controlling factors for differential subsidence in the Sonoma Foreland Basin (Early Triassic, western USA)

18. Late Smithian microbial deposits and their lateral marine fossiliferous limestones (Early Triassic, Hurricane Cliffs, Utah, USA)

19. Superstesaster promissor gen. et sp. nov., a new starfish (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) from the Early Triassic of Utah, USA, filling a major gap in the phylogeny of asteroids

20. An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA - a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

21. Early Triassic environmental dynamics and microbial development during the Smithian–Spathian transition (Lower Weber Canyon, Utah, USA)

22. Evolution of depositional settings in the Torrey area during the Smithian (Early Triassic, Utah, USA) and their significance for the biotic recovery

23. Early Triassic fluctuations of the global carbon cycle: New evidence from paired carbon isotopes in the western USA basin

24. A NEW KEY SMITHIAN (EARLY TRIASSIC) QUANTITATIVE AMMONOID BIOCHRONOLOGY FROM THE WESTERN USA BASIN

25. Taphonomy of dense concentrations of juvenile ammonoids in the Upper Cretaceous Mancos Shale, east-central Utah, USA

26. Transient metazoan reefs in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction

27. Gastropod evidence against the Early Triassic Lilliput effect

28. Early Triassic Gulliver gastropods: Spatio-temporal distribution and significance for biotic recovery after the end-Permian mass extinction

29. Microbial deposits in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction: A diverging case from the Mineral Mountains (Utah, USA)

30. 3D model related to the publication: Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse

31. Smithian shoreline migrations and depositional settings in Timpoweap Canyon (Early Triassic, Utah, USA)

32. Recovery of benthic marine communities from the end-Permian mass extinction at the low latitudes of eastern Panthalassa

33. Smithian ammonoid faunas from Utah: implications for Early Triassic biostratigraphy, correlation and basinal paleogeography

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33 results on '"Kevin G. Bylund"'

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