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1. Retrospective analysis of arterial occlusive events in the PACE trial by an independent adjudication committee

Author: James L. Januzzi, Joseph M. Garasic, Scott E. Kasner, Vickie McDonald, Mark C. Petrie, Jonathan Seltzer, Michael Mauro, Kevin Croce, Ellin Berman, Michael Deininger, Andreas Hochhaus, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Franck Nicolini, Dong-Wook Kim, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Hagop Kantarjian, Jing Xu, Tracey Hall, Shouryadeep Srivastava, Daniel Naranjo, and Jorge Cortes
Subjects: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Chronic myeloid leukemia, Safety, Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Abstract Background The phase 2 PACE (Ponatinib Ph+ ALL and CML Evaluation) trial of ponatinib showed robust long-term benefit in relapsed Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia; arterial occlusive events (AOEs) occurred in ≥ 25% of patients based on investigator reporting. However, AOE rates vary depending on the definitions and reporting approach used. Methods To better understand clinically relevant AOEs with ponatinib, an independent cardiovascular adjudication committee reviewed 5-year AOE data from the PACE trial according to a charter-defined process and standardized event definitions. Results A total of 449 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received ponatinib (median age 59 y; 47% female; 93% ≥ 2 prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); median follow-up, 37.3 months). The adjudicated AOE rate (17%) was lower than the non-adjudicated rate (i.e., rate before adjudication; 25%). The only adjudicated AOE in > 2% of patients was peripheral arterial occlusive disease (4%). Exposure-adjusted incidence of newly occurring adjudicated AOEs decreased over time. Patients with multiple baseline cardiovascular risk factors had higher adjudicated AOE rates than those without risk factors. Conclusions This independent adjudication study identified lower AOE rates than previously reported, suggesting earlier overestimation that may inaccurately reflect AOE risk with ponatinib. This trial was registered under ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01207440 on September 23, 2010 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01207440 ).
Published: 2022
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2. SCAI Expert Consensus Statement on Sex-Specific Considerations in Myocardial Revascularization

Author: Alexandra Lansky, MD, FSCAI, Suzanne J. Baron, MD, MSc, Cindy L. Grines, MD, MSCAI, Jennifer A. Tremmel, MD, MS, FSCAI, Rasha Al-Lamee, MBBS, MA, PhD, FSCAI, Dominick J. Angiolillo, MD, PhD, FSCAI, Alaide Chieffo, MD, FSCAI, Kevin Croce, MD, FSCAI, Alice K. Jacobs, MD, MSCAI, Mina Madan, MD, MHS, FSCAI, Akiko Maehara, MD, FSCAI, Julinda Mehilli, MD, FSCAI, Roxana Mehran, MD, MSCAI, Vivian Ng, MD, FSCAI, Puja B. Parikh, MD, MPH, FSCAI, Jacqueline Saw, MD, FSCAI, and J. Dawn Abbott, MD, FSCAI
Subjects: Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published: 2022
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3. Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein Induces Macrophage Production of Prothrombotic Microparticles

Author: Julio F. Marchini, Andre Manica, Paulo Crestani, Jochen Dutzmann, Eduardo J. Folco, Heinz Weber, Peter Libby, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: caspase, lipids, microparticles, oxidized, signal transduction, tissue factor, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background Activated vascular cells produce submicron prothrombotic and proinflammatory microparticle vesicles. Atherosclerotic plaques contain high levels of microparticles. Plasma microparticle levels increase during acute coronary syndromes and the thrombotic consequences of plaque rupture likely involve macrophage‐derived microparticles (MΦMPs). The activation pathways that promote MΦMP production remain poorly defined. This study tested the hypothesis that signals implicated in atherogenesis also stimulate MΦMP production. Methods and Results We stimulated human primary MΦs with proinflammatory cytokines and atherogenic lipids, and measured MΦMP production by flow cytometry. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL; 25 µg/mL) induced MΦMP production in a concentration‐dependent manner (293% increase; P
Published: 2020
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4. Correction: Retrospective analysis of arterial occlusive events in the PACE trial by an independent adjudication committee

Author: James L. Januzzi, Joseph M. Garasic, Scott E. Kasner, Vickie McDonald, Mark C. Petrie, Jonathan Seltzer, Michael Mauro, Kevin Croce, Ellin Berman, Michael Deininger, Andreas Hochhaus, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Franck Nicolini, Dong-Wook Kim, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Hagop Kantarjian, Jing Xu, Tracey Hall, Shouryadeep Srivastava, Daniel Naranjo, and Jorge Cortes
Subjects: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Published: 2022
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5. 21st Century Cardio-Oncology

Author: Calvin Chen Sheng, MD, Laleh Amiri-Kordestani, MD, Todd Palmby, PhD, Thomas Force, MD, Charles C. Hong, MD, PhD, Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD, Kevin Croce, MD, PhD, Geoffrey Kim, MD, and Javid Moslehi, MD
Subjects: cardio-oncology, cardiotoxicity, nonclinical model, pre-clinical model, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Cardiotoxicity is a well-established complication of oncology therapies. Cardiomyopathy resulting from anthracyclines is a classic example. In the past decade, an explosion of novel cancer therapies, often targeted and more specific than conventional therapies, has revolutionized oncology therapy and dramatically changed cancer prognosis. However, some of these therapies have introduced an assortment of cardiovascular (CV) complications. At times, these devastating outcomes have only become apparent after drug approval and have limited the use of potent therapies. There is a growing need for better testing platforms, both for CV toxicity screening and for elucidating mechanisms of cardiotoxicities of approved cancer therapies. This review discusses the utility of available nonclinical models (in vitro, in vivo, and in silico) and highlights recent advancements in modalities like human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for developing more comprehensive cardiotoxicity testing and new means of cardioprotection with targeted anticancer therapies.
Published: 2016
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6. Prevalência de alta reatividade plaquetária em pacientes tratados com aspirina encaminhados para angiografia coronária Prevalence of high platelet reactivity in aspirin-treated patients referred for coronary angiography

Author: André Manica, Rogério Sarmento-Leite, Clara Manfroi, La Hore Rodrigues Jr, Carlos Gottschall, Julio F Marchini, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: Doença coronariana, agregação plaquetária, aspirina, angiografia coronária, Coronary disease, platelet aggregation, aspirin, coronary angiography, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: FUNDAMENTO: A aspirina (Ácido Acetilsalicílico - AAS) é capaz de reduzir eventos adversos cardiovasculares em pacientes portadores de Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC) através da inibição da atividade plaquetária. Alguns pacientes com DAC, apesar da terapia com AAS, apresentam Alta Reatividade Plaquetária (ARP), o que determina um maior risco para o desenvolvimento de eventos cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de ARP em pacientes tratados com AAS e encaminhados para cinecoronariografia, além de avaliar se existe uma possível correlação entre a gravidade da DAC e o desenvolvimento de ARP. MÉTODOS: Estudo de centro único onde foram incluídos 115 pacientes consecutivos, tratados com AAS e portadores de DAC estável. A reatividade plaquetária induzida pelo ADP e colágeno foram avaliadas através da Agregometria de Transmitância Luminosa (ATL). Pacientes com agregação plaquetária maior que 70%, induzida por ambos os reagentes, foram classificados como tendo ARP e, neste grupo, a adesão ao tratamento com AAS foi avaliada através da dosagem dos níveis séricos de salicilato. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 60,9 anos e a dose média de AAS foi de 164,2 mg. Tabagismo e diabetes melito estavam presentes em 28,7% e 31,5% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Foi encontrada ARP em 14 pacientes (13%), entretanto, em sete indivíduos (50%) com ARP observaram-se baixos níveis séricos de salicilato (< 2,0 µg/mL), sugerindo não adesão à terapia medicamentosa. Em 6,5% dos pacientes com ARP identificou-se níveis detectáveis de salicilato sérico, sugerindo uma eficácia reduzida do AAS. A ARP se correlacionou com o número e a gravidade das estenoses coronárias (p = 0,04). CONCLUSÃO: Em uma população de pacientes tratados com AAS e encaminhados para angiografia coronária, a reatividade plaquetária elevada é prevalente (13%), sendo 50% destes pacientes não aderentes à terapia farmacológica e 50% apresentam redução da efetividade da droga.BACKGROUND: Aspirin (ASA) reduces adverse events in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients by inhibiting platelets. Some CAD patients have high platelet reactivity (HPR) despite ASA therapy and these individuals have increased risk of adverse events. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPR in ASA-treated patients referred for coronary angiography and to assess whether the HPR correlates with the severity of CAD. METHODS: This single center investigation enrolled 115 consecutive ASA-treated patients with stable CAD. ADP- and collagen-induced platelet reactivity were evaluated by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA). Patients with greater than 70% ADP- and collagen-induced aggregation were determined to have HPR and, in this group, ASA compliance was assessed by examining blood salicylate levels. Mean age was 60.9 years and average ASA dose was 164.2 mg. RESULTS: Smoking and DM were present in 28.7% and 31.5% respectively. HPR was found in 14 patients (13%) however 7 of the 14 patients (50%) with HPR had low serum salicylate levels (< 2.0 µg/mL) suggesting medication noncompliance. Of the entire cohort, 6.5% of patients had HPR and detectable serum salicylate levels suggesting reduced ASA efficacy. HPR correlated with number and severity of coronary stenosis (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: In a general population of ASA-treated patients referred for coronary angiography, elevated platelet reactivity is prevalent (13%) with 50% related to noncompliance and 50% related to reduced aspirin efficacy.
Published: 2013

7. Importância da interação entre a integrina Mac-1 dos leucócitos e a glicoproteína Iba das plaquetas para o recrutamento de leucócitos pelas plaquetas e para a resposta inflamatória à lesão vascular The importance of the interaction between leukocyte integrin Mac-1 and platelet glycoprotein Ib-a for leukocyte recruitment by platelets and for the inflammatory response to vascular injury

Author: Alexandre C. Zago, Daniel I. Simon, Yunmei Wang, Masashi Sakuma, Zhiping Chen, Kevin Croce, Valentin Ustinov, Can Shi, and Eulógio E. Martinez Filho
Subjects: Moléculas de adesão celular, inflamação, leucócitos, plaquetas, reestenose coronária, Cell adhesion molecules, inflammation, leukocytes, blood platelets, coronary restenosis, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Avaliar a importância da interação entre a integrina Mac-1 dos leucócitos (a Mb 2) e a glicoproteína (GP) Iba das plaquetas para o recrutamento de leucócitos após a lesão vascular e o efeito da neutralização da interação Mac-1-GPIba sobre a proliferação celular e a hiperplasia neointimal desencadeadas por lesão vascular. MÉTODOS: Um peptídeo denominado M2 ou anticorpo anti-M2 foi desenvolvido para bloquear a interação Mac-1-GPIba . Esse peptídeo foi injetado e comparado com anticorpo-controle em camundongos C57B1/6J submetidos a lesão vascular da artéria femoral com corda-guia. Um, cinco ou 28 dias após a lesão vascular, as artérias femorais foram retiradas para a realização de morfometria e imuno-histoquímica. RESULTADOS: O bloqueio da interação Mac-1-GPIba promoveu uma redução estatisticamente significativa do número de leucócitos na camada média no primeiro dia após a lesão vascular (controle: 7,9±5,0% do total de células versus anti-M2: 2,0±1,6%, p=0,021), bem como determinou uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa do acúmulo de leucócitos na neoíntima em cinco e 28 dias (controle: 42,3±12,9% versus anti-M2: 24,6±10,8%, p=0,047 e controle: 7,9±3,0% versus anti-M2: 3,3±1,3%, p=0,012; respectivamente). A proliferação celular na camada média do vaso em cinco dias pós-lesão foi reduzida com o bloqueio da interação Mac-1-GPIba (controle: 5,0±2,9% do total de células versus anti-M2: 1,8±0,5%; p=0,043), assim como houve diminuição significativa da proliferação celular na camada íntima do vaso em 28 dias (controle: 3,8±1,7% versus anti-M2: 2,0±1,2%; p=0,047). O bloqueio da interação Mac-1-GPIba também determinou uma redução estatisticamente significativa do espessamento intimal em 28 dias pós-lesão (controle: 10.395±3.549 µm² versus anti-M2: 4.561±4.915 µm²; p=0,012). CONCLUSÃO: O recrutamento de leucócitos após a lesão vascular é dependente da interação Mac-1-GPIba e a neutralização dessa interação inibe a proliferação celular e a formação neointimal.OBJECTIVE: To assess the importance of the interaction between leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (a Mb 2) and platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-a for leukocyte recruitment after vascular injury and the effect of the neutralization of the Mac-1-GPIba interaction on cell proliferation and the neointimal hyperplasia triggered by the vascular injury. METHODS: A peptide called M2 or anti-M2 antibody was developed to block the Mac-1-GPIba interaction. This peptide was injected and compared to a control-peptide in C57B1/6J mice submitted to vascular injury of the femoral artery with a guide wire. One, five or 28 days after the vascular injury, the femoral arteries were removed for morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: The blocking of the Mac-1-GPIba interaction promoted a statistically significant reduction in the number of leukocytes in the neointimal layer on the first day after the vascular injury (control: 7.9±5.0% of the cell total versus anti-M2: 2.0±1.6%, p=0.021), as well as determined a statistically significant decrease in leukocyte accumulation in the neointimal layer on days 5 and 28 (control: 42.3±12.9% versus anti-M2: 24.6±10.8%, p=0.047 and control: 7.9±3.0% versus anti-M2: 3.3±1.3%, p=0.012; respectively). Cell proliferation in the neointimal layer of the vessel five days post-injury was reduced with the blocking of the Mac-1-GPIba interaction (control: 5.0±2.9% of the cell total versus anti-M2: 1.8±0.5%; p=0.043), along with a significant decrease in cell proliferation in the vessel neointimal layer 28 days post-injury (control: 3.8±1.7% versus anti-M2: 2.0±1.2%; p=0.047). The blocking of the Mac-1-GPIba interaction also determined a statistically significant decrease of the intimal thickening 28 days post-injury (control: 10,395±3,549 µm² versus anti-M2: 4,561±4,915 µm²; p=0.012). CONCLUSION: Leukocyte recruitment after a vascular injury depends on the Mac-1-GPIba interaction and the neutralization of this interaction inhibits cell proliferation and neointimal formation.
Published: 2008
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8. Monocyte subset dynamics in human atherosclerosis can be profiled with magnetic nano-sensors.

Author: Moritz Wildgruber, Hakho Lee, Aleksey Chudnovskiy, Tae-Jong Yoon, Martin Etzrodt, Mikael J Pittet, Matthias Nahrendorf, Kevin Croce, Peter Libby, Ralph Weissleder, and Filip K Swirski
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Monocytes are circulating macrophage and dendritic cell precursors that populate healthy and diseased tissue. In humans, monocytes consist of at least two subsets whose proportions in the blood fluctuate in response to coronary artery disease, sepsis, and viral infection. Animal studies have shown that specific shifts in the monocyte subset repertoire either exacerbate or attenuate disease, suggesting a role for monocyte subsets as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Assays are therefore needed that can selectively and rapidly enumerate monocytes and their subsets. This study shows that two major human monocyte subsets express similar levels of the receptor for macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSFR) but differ in their phagocytic capacity. We exploit these properties and custom-engineer magnetic nanoparticles for ex vivo sensing of monocytes and their subsets. We present a two-dimensional enumerative mathematical model that simultaneously reports number and proportion of monocyte subsets in a small volume of human blood. Using a recently described diagnostic magnetic resonance (DMR) chip with 1 microl sample size and high throughput capabilities, we then show that application of the model accurately quantifies subset fluctuations that occur in patients with atherosclerosis.
Published: 2009
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9. Prevalência de alta reatividade plaquetária em pacientes tratados com aspirina encaminhados para angiografia coronária

Author: André Manica, Rogério Sarmento-Leite, Clara Manfroi, La Hore Rodrigues Jr, Carlos Gottschall, Julio F Marchini, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: Coronary disease, platelet aggregation, aspirin, coronary angiography, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: FUNDAMENTO: A aspirina (Ácido Acetilsalicílico - AAS) é capaz de reduzir eventos adversos cardiovasculares em pacientes portadores de Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC) através da inibição da atividade plaquetária. Alguns pacientes com DAC, apesar da terapia com AAS, apresentam Alta Reatividade Plaquetária (ARP), o que determina um maior risco para o desenvolvimento de eventos cardiovasculares. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de ARP em pacientes tratados com AAS e encaminhados para cinecoronariografia, além de avaliar se existe uma possível correlação entre a gravidade da DAC e o desenvolvimento de ARP. MÉTODOS: Estudo de centro único onde foram incluídos 115 pacientes consecutivos, tratados com AAS e portadores de DAC estável. A reatividade plaquetária induzida pelo ADP e colágeno foram avaliadas através da Agregometria de Transmitância Luminosa (ATL). Pacientes com agregação plaquetária maior que 70%, induzida por ambos os reagentes, foram classificados como tendo ARP e, neste grupo, a adesão ao tratamento com AAS foi avaliada através da dosagem dos níveis séricos de salicilato. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 60,9 anos e a dose média de AAS foi de 164,2 mg. Tabagismo e diabetes melito estavam presentes em 28,7% e 31,5% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Foi encontrada ARP em 14 pacientes (13%), entretanto, em sete indivíduos (50%) com ARP observaram-se baixos níveis séricos de salicilato (< 2,0 µg/mL), sugerindo não adesão à terapia medicamentosa. Em 6,5% dos pacientes com ARP identificou-se níveis detectáveis de salicilato sérico, sugerindo uma eficácia reduzida do AAS. A ARP se correlacionou com o número e a gravidade das estenoses coronárias (p = 0,04). CONCLUSÃO: Em uma população de pacientes tratados com AAS e encaminhados para angiografia coronária, a reatividade plaquetária elevada é prevalente (13%), sendo 50% destes pacientes não aderentes à terapia farmacológica e 50% apresentam redução da efetividade da droga.

10. The role of endothelial shear stress, shear stress gradient, and plaque topography in plaque erosion

Author: Diaa Hakim, Natalia Pinilla-Echeverri, Ahmet U. Coskun, Zhongyue Pu, Kajander A. Olli, Deborah Rupert, Charles Maynard, Nicholas Cefalo, Gerasimos Siasos, Michail I. Papafaklis, Stefanu Kostas, Lampros K. Michalis, Sanjit Jolly, Shamir R. Mehta, Tej Sheth, Kevin Croce, and Peter H. Stone
Subjects: Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023
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11. Endothelial shear stress computed from coronary computed tomography angiography: A direct comparison to intravascular ultrasound

Author: Diaa Hakim, Ahmet U. Coskun, Charles Maynard, Zhongyue Pu, Deborah Rupert, Nicholas Cefalo, Michelle Cormier, Mona Ahmed, James Earls, Rob Jennings, Kevin Croce, Saima Mushtaq, Daniele Andreini, Edoardo Conte, David Molony, Habib Samady, James K. Min, and Peter H. Stone
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2023
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12. Optical coherence tomography in coronary atherosclerosis assessment and intervention

Author: Makoto Araki, Seung-Jung Park, Harold L. Dauerman, Shiro Uemura, Jung-Sun Kim, Carlo Di Mario, Thomas W. Johnson, Giulio Guagliumi, Adnan Kastrati, Michael Joner, Niels Ramsing Holm, Fernando Alfonso, William Wijns, Tom Adriaenssens, Holger Nef, Gilles Rioufol, Nicolas Amabile, Geraud Souteyrand, Nicolas Meneveau, Edouard Gerbaud, Maksymilian P. Opolski, Nieves Gonzalo, Guillermo J. Tearney, Brett Bouma, Aaron D. Aguirre, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone, Christos V. Bourantas, Lorenz Räber, Sebastiano Gili, Kyoichi Mizuno, Shigeki Kimura, Toshiro Shinke, Myeong-Ki Hong, Yangsoo Jang, Jin Man Cho, Bryan P. Yan, Italo Porto, Giampaolo Niccoli, Rocco A. Montone, Vikas Thondapu, Michail I. Papafaklis, Lampros K. Michalis, Harmony Reynolds, Jacqueline Saw, Peter Libby, Giora Weisz, Mario Iannaccone, Tommaso Gori, Konstantinos Toutouzas, Taishi Yonetsu, Yoshiyasu Minami, Masamichi Takano, O. Christopher Raffel, Osamu Kurihara, Tsunenari Soeda, Tomoyo Sugiyama, Hyung Oh Kim, Tetsumin Lee, Takumi Higuma, Akihiro Nakajima, Erika Yamamoto, Krzysztof L. Bryniarski, Luca Di Vito, Rocco Vergallo, Francesco Fracassi, Michele Russo, Lena M. Seegers, Iris McNulty, Sangjoon Park, Marc Feldman, Javier Escaned, Francesco Prati, Eloisa Arbustini, Fausto J. Pinto, Ron Waksman, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Akiko Maehara, Ziad Ali, Aloke V. Finn, Renu Virmani, Annapoorna S. Kini, Joost Daemen, Teruyoshi Kume, Kiyoshi Hibi, Atsushi Tanaka, Takashi Akasaka, Takashi Kubo, Satoshi Yasuda, Kevin Croce, Juan F. Granada, Amir Lerman, Abhiram Prasad, Evelyn Regar, Yoshihiko Saito, Mullasari Ajit Sankardas, Vijayakumar Subban, Neil J. Weissman, Yundai Chen, Bo Yu, Stephen J. Nicholls, Peter Barlis, Nick E. J. West, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Jong Chul Ye, Jouke Dijkstra, Hang Lee, Jagat Narula, Filippo Crea, Sunao Nakamura, Tsunekazu Kakuta, James Fujimoto, Valentin Fuster, Ik-Kyung Jang, CarMeN, laboratoire, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston, MA, USA], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Asan Medical Center [Seoul, South Korea] (AMC), University of Vermont [Burlington], Kawasaki Medical School [Okayama, Japan] (KMS), Yonsei University College of Medicine [Seoul, South Korea] (YUCM), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi [Firenze] (AOUC), University Hospitals Bristol, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII [Bergamo, Italy], Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich Heart Alliance [Munich, Allemagne] (MHA), German Heart Center = Deutsches Herzzentrum München [Munich, Germany] (GHC), Aarhus University Hospital [Skejby, Denmark] (AUH), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen - University of Applied Sciences [Giessen] (THM), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Université de Lyon, Institut Mutualiste de Montsouris (IMM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux [Bordeaux] (CRCTB), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Institute of Cardiology [Warsaw, Poland] (NIC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos [Madrid, Spain] (IdISSC), Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Cardiovascular Research Foundation [New York, NY, USA] (CRF), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Barts Health NHS Trust [London, UK], Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Bern University Hospital [Berne] (Inselspital), Centro Cardiologico Monzino [Milan, Italy] (2CM), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Mitsukoshi Health and Welfare Foundation [Tokyo, Japan] (MHWF), Yokohama Minami Kyosai Hospital [Kanagawa, Japan] (YMKH), Showa University Hospital [Tokyo, Japan] (SUH), Kyung Hee University [Seoul, South Korea] (KHU), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Rome, Italy] (CUSH), University Hospital [Ioannina, Greece] (UH), New York University School of Medicine (NYU Grossman School of Medicine), Vancouver General Hospital [Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada] (VGH), University of British Columbia (UBC), Brigham and Women’s Hospital [Boston, MA], New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), Columbia University [New York], Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco [Turin, Italy] (OSGB), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Tokyo Medical and Dental University [Japan] (TMDU), Kitasato University, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital [Chiba, Japan] (NMSC2H), The Prince Charles Hospital, Nara Medical University [Nara, Japan] (NMU), Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital [Ibaraki, Japan] (TKGH), Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital [Tokyo], St. Marianna University School of Medicine [Kanagawa, Japan], Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine [Kyoto, Japan] (KUGSM), Jagiellonian University - Medical College (JUMC), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Mazzoni Hospital [Ascoli Piceno, Italy] (MH), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences [Rome, Italy] (SCIUHS), Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo [Pavia], Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), MedStar Washington Hospital Center [Washington, DC, USA] (MedStar WHC), CV Path Institute [Gaithersburg, MD, USA] (CV-PI), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Yokohama City University (YCU), Wakayama University, Tohoku University [Sendai], Mayo Clinic [Rochester, MN, USA], Mayo Clinic [Rochester], University hospital of Zurich [Zurich], Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Madras Medical Mission [Chennai, India] (3M), MedStar Health Research Institute [Washington, DC, USA] (MedStar-HRI), Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital [Beijing, China] (CPLAGH), Harbin Medical University [China] (HMU), Monash university, University of Melbourne, Royal Papworth Hospital [Cambridge, UK] (RPH), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), The Open University of Japan [Chiba] (OUJ), and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely adopted in research on coronary atherosclerosis and adopted clinically to optimize percutaneous coronary intervention. In this Review, Jang and colleagues summarize this rapidly progressing field, with the aim of standardizing the use of OCT in coronary atherosclerosis.Since optical coherence tomography (OCT) was first performed in humans two decades ago, this imaging modality has been widely adopted in research on coronary atherosclerosis and adopted clinically for the optimization of percutaneous coronary intervention. In the past 10 years, substantial advances have been made in the understanding of in vivo vascular biology using OCT. Identification by OCT of culprit plaque pathology could potentially lead to a major shift in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Detection by OCT of healed coronary plaque has been important in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in plaque destabilization and healing with the rapid progression of atherosclerosis. Accurate detection by OCT of sequelae from percutaneous coronary interventions that might be missed by angiography could improve clinical outcomes. In addition, OCT has become an essential diagnostic modality for myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Insight into neoatherosclerosis from OCT could improve our understanding of the mechanisms of very late stent thrombosis. The appropriate use of OCT depends on accurate interpretation and understanding of the clinical significance of OCT findings. In this Review, we summarize the state of the art in cardiac OCT and facilitate the uniform use of this modality in coronary atherosclerosis. Contributions have been made by clinicians and investigators worldwide with extensive experience in OCT, with the aim that this document will serve as a standard reference for future research and clinical application.
Published: 2022
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13. List of contributors

Author: Nidal Abi Rafeh, Pierfrancesco Agostoni, Sukru Akyuz, Khaldoon Alaswad, Ziad A. Ali, Salman S. Allana, Chadi Alraies, Mario Araya, Alexandre Avran, Lorenzo Azzalini, Avtandil Babunashvili, Subhash Banerjee, Sripal Bangalore, Baktash Bayani, Michael Behnes, Ravinay Bhindi, Nicolas Boudou, Nenad Ž. Božinović, Leszek Bryniarski, Alexander Bufe, Christopher E. Buller, M. Nicholas Burke, Pedro Pinto Cardoso, Mauro Carlino, Joao L. Cavalcante, Tarek Chami, Raj H. Chandwaney, Konstantinos Charitakis, Victor Y. Cheng, James W. Choi, Evald Høj Christiansen, Yashasvi Chugh, Antonio Colombo, Claudia Cosgrove, Kevin Croce, Ramesh Daggubati, Félix Damas de los Santos, Rustem Dautov, Rhian E. Davies, Tony de Martini, Ali E. Denktas, Joseph Dens, Carlo di Mario, Roberto Diletti, Zisis Dimitriadis, Darshan Doshi, Parag Doshi, Kefei Dou, Mohaned Egred, Basem Elbarouni, Ahmed M. ElGuindy, Amr Elhadidy, Stephen Ellis, Javier Escaned, Panayotis Fasseas, Farshad Forouzandeh, Sergey Furkalo, Andrea Gagnor, Alfredo R. Galassi, Robert Gallino, Roberto Garbo, Santiago Garcia, Gabriele Gasparini, Junbo Ge, Lei Ge, Pravin Kumar Goel, Omer Goktekin, Nieves Gonzalo, Sevket Gorgulu, Luca Grancini, J. Aaron Grantham, Raviteja Guddeti, Elias V. Haddad, Allison B. Hall, Jack J. Hall, Sean Halligan, Franklin Leonardo Hanna Quesada, Colm Hanratty, Stefan Harb, Scott A. Harding, Raja Hatem, David Hildick-Smith, Jonathan M. Hill, Taishi Hirai, Mario Iannaccone, Wissam Jaber, Farouc A. Jaffer, Yangsoo Jang, Brian K. Jefferson, Allen Jeremias, Risto Jussila, Nikolaos Kakouros, Artis Kalnins, Sanjog Kalra, Arun Kalyanasundaram, David E. Kandzari, Hsien-Li Kao, Judit Karacsonyi, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Hussien Heshmat Kassem, Kathleen Kearney, Jimmy Kerrigan, Jaikirshan Khatri, Dmitrii Khelimskii, Ajay J. Kirtane, Paul Knaapen, Spyridon Kostantinis, Michalis Koutouzis, Mihajlo Kovacic, Oleg Krestyaninov, A.V. Ganesh Kumar, Prathap Kumar N., Katherine J. Kunkel, Pablo Manuel Lamelas, Seung-Whan Lee, Thierry Lefevre, Gregor Leibundgut, Nicholas J. Lembo, Martin Leon, John R. Lesser, Raymond Leung, Soo-Teik Lim, Sidney Tsz Ho Lo, William Lombardi, Michael Luna, Ehtisham Mahmud, Madeline K. Mahowald, Anbukarasi Maran, Konstantinos Marmagkiolis, Evandro Martins Filho, Kambis Mashayekhi, Margaret B. McEntegart, Michael Megaly, Perwaiz Meraj, Lampros Michalis, Anastasios N. Milkas, Owen Mogabgab, Jeffrey Moses, Muhammad Munawar, Bilal Murad, Alexander Nap, Andres Navarro, William J. Nicholson, Anja Øksnes, Göran Olivecrona, Mohamed A. Omer, Jacopo Andrea Oreglia, Lucio Padilla, Mitul P. Patel, Rajan A.G. Patel, Taral Patel, Ashish Pershad, Duane Pinto, Paul Poommipanit, Marin Postu, Srini Potluri, Stylianos Pyxaras, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Michael Ragosta, Sunil V. Rao, Vithala Surya Prakasa Rao, Sudhir Rathore, Joerg Reifart, Athanasios Rempakos, Jeremy Rier, Robert Riley, Stéphane Rinfret, Juan J. Russo, Meruzhan Saghatelyan, Gurpreet S. Sandhu, Yader Sandoval, Ricardo Santiago, James Sapontis, Alpesh Shah, Evan Shlofmitz, Kendrick A. Shunk, George Sianos, Bahadir Simsek, Elliot J. Smith, Anthony Spaedy, James Spratt, Julian W. Strange, Bradley Strauss, Péter Tajti, Hector Tamez, Khalid O. Tammam, Craig A. Thompson, Aurel Toma, Catalin Toma, Ioannis Tsiafoutis, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Imre Ungi, Barry F. Uretsky, Georgios J. Vlachojannis, Minh Nhat Vo, Hoang Vu Vu, Simon Walsh, Daniel Weilenmann, Gerald Werner, Jarosław Wójcik, Jason Wollmuth, Eugene B. Wu, R. Michael Wyman, Iosif Xenogiannis, Bo Xu, Masahisa Yamane, Luiz F. Ybarra, and Robert W. Yeh
Published: 2023
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14. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja Ljubez, Anjali Anand, Ankush Sachdeva, Ann Greenberg, Ann Luyten, Ann Ostrander, Anna Di Donato, Anna Cichocka-Radwan, Anna Fojt, Anna Plachcinska, Anna Proietti, Anna Teresinska, Anne Marie Webb, Anne Cartwright, Anne Heath, Anne Mackin, Anong Amaritakomol, Anong Chaiyasri, Anoop Chauhan, Anoop Mathew, Anthony Gemignani, Anto Luigi Andres, Antonia Vega, Antonietta Hansen, Antonino Ginel Iglesias, Antonio Carlos Carvalho, Antonio Di Chiara, Antonio Serra Peñaranda, Antonio Carvalho, Antonio Colombo, Antonio Fiarresga, Anupama Rao, Aquiles Valdespino-Estrada, Araceli Boan, Areef Ishani, Ariel Diaz, Arijit Ghosh, Arintaya Prommintikul, Arline Roberts, Arnold H Seto, Arnold P Good, Arshed Quyyumi, Arthur J Labovitz, Arthur Kerner, Arturo S Campos-Santaolalla, Arunima Misra, Ashok Mukherjee, Ashok Seth, Ashraf Seedhom, Asim N Cheema, Asker Ahmed, Atul Mathur, Atul Verma, Audrey W Leong, Axel Åkerblom, Axelle Fuentes, Aynun Naher, Badhma Valaiyapathi, Baljeet Kaur, Bandula Guruge, Barbara Brzezińska, Barbara Nardi, Bartosz Czarniak, Bebek Singh, Begoña Igual, Bela Merkely, Belen Cid Alvarez, Benjamin J Spooner, Benjamin J W Chow, Benjamin Cheong, Benoy N Shah, Bernard de Bruyne, Bernardas Valecka, Bernhard Jäger, Beth A Archer, Beth Abramson, Beth Jorgenson, Bethany Harvey, Betsy O'Neal, Bev Atkinson, Bev Bozek, Bevin Lang, Bijulal Sasidharan, Bin Yang, Bin Zhang, Binoy Mannekkattukudy Kurian, Bjoern Goebel, Bob Hu, Bogdan A Popescu, Bogdan Crnokrak, Bolin Zhu, Bonnie J Kirby, Brandi D Zimbelman, Brandy Starks, Branko D Beleslin, Brenda Hart, Brian P Shapiro, Brian McCandless, Brianna Wisniewski, Brigham R Smith, Brooks Mirrer, Bruce McManus, Bruce Rutkin, Bruna Edilena Paulino, Bruna Maria Ascoli, Bryn Smith, Byron J Allen, C Michael Gibson, C Noel Bairey Merz, Calin Pop, Cameron Hague, Camila Thais de Ormundo, Candace Gopaul, Candice P Edillo, Carísi A Polanczyk, Carita Krannila, Carla Vicente, Carl-Éric Gagné, Carlo Briguori, Carlos Peña Gil, Carlos Alvarez, Carly Ohmart, Carmen C Beladan, Carmen Ginghina, Carol M Kartje, Caroline Alsweiler, Caroline Brown, Caroline Callison, Caroline Pinheiro, Caroline Rodgers, Caroline Spindler, Carolyn Corbett, Carrie Drum, Casey Riedberger, Catherine Bone, Catherine Fleming, Catherine Gordon, Catherine Jahrsdorfer, Catherine Lemay, Catherine Weick, Cathrine Patten, Cecilia Goletto, Cezary Kepka, Chandini Suvarna, Chang Xu, Chantale Mercure, Charle A Viljoen, Charlene Wiyarand, Charles Jia-Yin Hou, Charles Y Lui, Charles Cannan, Charles Cornet, Charlotte Pirro, Chataroon Rimsukcharoenchai, Chen Wang, Cheng-Ting Tsai, Chen-Yen Chien, Cheryl A Allardyce, Chester M Hedgepeth, Chetan Patel, Chiara Attanasio, Chih-Hsuan Yen, Chi-Ming Chow, Ching Min Er, Ching-Ching Ong, Cholenahally Nanjappa Manjunath, Chris Beck, Chris Buller, Christel Vassaliere, Christian Hamm, Christiano Caldeira, Christie Ballantyne, Christina Björklund, Christine R Hinton, Christine Bergeron, Christine Masson, Christine Roraff, Christine Shelley, Christophe Laure, Christophe Thuaire, Christopher Kinsey, Christopher McFarren, Christopher Spizzieri, Christopher Travill, Chun-Chieh Liu, Chung-Lieh Hung, Chunguang Li, Chun-Ho Yun, Chunli Xia, Ciarra Heard, Cidney Schultz, Clare Venn-Edmonds, Claudia P Hochberg, Claudia Wegmayr, Claudia Cortés, Claudia Escobar, Cláudia Freixo, Claudio T Mesquita, Clemens T Kadalie, Colin Berry, Constance Philander, Corine Thobois, Costantino Costantini, Courtney Page, Craig Atkinson, Craig Barr, Craig Paterson, Cristina Bare, Cynthia Baumann, Cynthia Burman, Dalisa Espinosa, Damien Collison, Dan Deleanu, Dan Elian, Dan Gao, Dana Oliver, Daniel P Vezina, Daniel O'Rourke, Daniele Komar, Danielle Schade, Darrel P Francis, Dastan Malaev, David A Bull, David E Winchester, David P Faxon, David Booth, David Cohen, David DeMets, David Foo, David Schlichting, David Taggart, David Waters, David Wohns, Davis Vo, Dawid Teodorczyk, Dawn Shelstad, Dawn Turnbull, Dayuan Li, Dean Kereiakes, Deborah O'Neill, Deborah Yip, Debra K Johnson, Debra Dees, Deepak L Bhatt, Deepika Gopal, Deepti Kumar, Deirdre Mattina, Deirdre Murphy, Delano R Small, Delsa K Rose, Dengke Jiang, Denis Carl Phaneuf, Denise Braganza, Denise Fine, Derek Cyr, Desiree Tobin, Diana Cukali, Diana Parra, Diane Camara, Diane Minshall Liu, Diego Adrián Vences, Diego Franca de Cunha, Dimitrios Stournaras, Dipti Patel, Dongze Li, Donna Exley, Dorit Grahl, Dragana Stanojevic, Duarte Cacela, Dwayne S G Conway, E Pinar Bermudez, Eapen Punnoose, Edgar L Tay, Edgar Karanjah, Edoardo Verna, Eduardo Hernandez-Rangel, Edward D Nicol, Edward O McFalls, Edward T Martin, Edyta Kaczmarska, Ekaterina I Lubinskaya, Elena A Demchenko, Elena Refoyo Salicio, Eli Feen, Elihú Durán-Cortés, Elisabeth M Janzen, Elise L Hannemann, Elise van Dongen, Elissa Restelli Piloto, Eliza Kaplan, Elizabeta Srbinovska Kostovska, Elizabeth Capasso-Gulve, Elizabeth Congdon, Elizabeth Ferguson, Elizaveta V Zbyshevskaya, Ellen Magedanz, Ellie Fridell, Ellis W Lader, Elvin Kedhi, Emanuela Racca, Emilie Tachot, Emily DeRosa, Encarnación Alonso-Álvarez, Eric Nicollet, Eric Peterson, Erick Alexánderson Rosas, Erick Donato Morales, Erin Orvis, Ermina Moga, Estelle Montpetit, Estevao Figueiredo, Eugene Passamani, Eugenia Nikolsky, Eunice Yeoh, Evgeniy I Kretov, Ewa Szczerba, Ewelina Wojtala, Expedito Eustáquio Ribeiro Silva, F Marin Ortuño, Fabio R Farias, Fabio Fimiani, Fabrizio Rolfo, Fa-Chang Yu, Fadi Hage, Fadi Matar, Fahim Haider Jafary, Fang Feng, Fang Liu, Fatima Ranjbaran, Fatima Rodriguez, Fausto J Pinto, Fauzia Rashid, Federica Ramani, Fei Wang, Fernanda Igansi, Filipa Silva, Filippo Ottani, Fiona Haines, Firas Al Solaiman, Flávia Egydio, Flavio Lyra, Florian Egger, Fran Farquharson, Frances Laube, Francesc Carreras Costa, Francesca de Micco, Francesca Bianchini, Francesca Pezzetta, Francesca Pietrucci, Francesco Orso, Francesco Pisano, Francis Burt, Francisca Patuleia Figueiras, Francisco Fernandez-Aviles, Francois Pierre Mongeon, Frans Van de Werf, Franziska Guenther, Fraser N Witherow, Fred Mohr, Frederico Dall'Orto, Fumiyuki Otsuka, G De La Morena, G Karthikeyan, Gabor Dekany, Gabor Kerecsen, Gabriel Galeote, Gabriel Grossmann, Gabriel Vorobiof, Gabriela Sanchez de Souza, Gabriela Guzman, Gabriela Zeballos, Gabriele Gabrielli, Gabriele Jakl-Kotauschek, Gail A Shammas, Gail Brandt, Gang Chen, Gary E Lane, Gary J Luckasen, Gautam Sharma, Gelmina Mikolaitiene, Gennie Yee, Georg Nickenig, George E Revtyak, George J Juang, Gerald Fletcher, Gerald Leonard, Gerard Patrick Devlin, Gerard Esposito, Gergely Ágoston, Gervasio Lamas, Geza Fontos, Ghada Mikhail, Gia Cobb, Gian Piero Perna, Gianpiero Leone, Giles Roditi, Gilles Barone-Rochette, Girish Mishra, Giuseppe Tarantini, Glenda Wong, Glenn S Hamroff, Glenn Rayos, Gong Cheng, Gonzalo Barge-Caballero, Goran Davidović, Goran Stankovic, Gordana Stevanovic, Grace Jingyan Wang, Grace M Young, Graceanne Wayser, Graciela Scaro, Graham S Hillis, Graham Wong, Grazyna Anna Szulczyk, Gregor Simonis, Gregory Kumkumian, Gretchen Ann Peichel, Grzegorz Gajos, Gudrun Steinmaurer, Guilherme G Rucatti, Guilherme Portugal, Guilhermina Cantinho Lopes, Guillem Pons Lladó, Gunnar Frostfelt, Gurpreet S Wander, Gurpreet Gulati, Gustavo Pucci, Hafidz Abd Hadi, Haibo Zhang, Haitao Wang, Halina Marciniak, Han Chen, Hanan Kerr, Hani Najm, Hanna Douglas, Hannah Phillips, Hao Dai, Haojian Dong, Haqeel Jamil, Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai, Harry Suryapranata, Hassan Reda, Hayley Pomeroy, Heather Barrentine, Heather Golden, Heather Hurlburt, Heidi Wilson, Helen C Tucker, Helene Abergel, Hemalata Siddaram, Hermine Osseni, Herwig Schuchlenz, Hesong Zeng, Hicham Skali, Hilda Solomon, Hollie Horton, Holly Hetrick, Holly Little, Holly Park, Hongjie Chi, Hossam Mahrous, Howard A Levite, Hristo Pejkov, Huajun Li, Hugo Bloise-Adames, Hugo Marques, Hui Zhong, Hui-Min Zhang, Humayrah Hashim, Hung-I Yeh, Hussien El Fishawy, Ian Webb, Iftikhar Kullo, Igor O Grazhdankin, Ihab Hamzeh, Ikraam Hassan, Ikuko Ueda, Ileana L Pina, Ilona Tamasauskiene, Ilse Bouwhuis, Imran Arif, Ina Wenzelburger, Inês Zimbarra Cabrita, Ines Rodrigues, Inga H Robbins, Inga Soveri, Ingela Schnittger, Iqbal Karimullah, Ira M Dauber, Iram Rehman, Irena Peovska Mitevska, Irene Marthe Lang, Irina Subbotina, Irma Kalibataite-Rutkauskiene, Irni Yusnida, Isabel Estela Carvajal, Isabella C Palazzo, Isabelle Hogan, Isabelle Roy, Ishba Syed, Ishita Tejani, Ivan A Naryshkin, Ivana Jankovic, Iwona Niedzwiecka, J David Knight, Jacek Kusmierek, Jackie M White, Jackie Chow, Jacob Udell, Jacqueline E Tamis-Holland, Jacqueline Fannon, Jacquelyn A Quin, Jacquelyn Do, Jaekyeong Heo, Jakub Maksym, James E Davies, James H O'Keefe Jr, James J Jang, James Cha, James Harrison, James Hirsch, James Stafford, James Tatoulis, Jamie Rankin, Jan Henzel, Jan Orga, Jana Tancredi, Janaina Oliveira, Jane Burton, Jane Eckstein, Jane Marucci, Janet P Knight, Janet Blount, Janet Halliday, Janetta Kourzenkova, Janitha Raj, Jan-Malte Sinning, Jaqueline Pozzibon, Jaroslaw Drozdz, Jaroslaw Karwowski, Jason D Glover, Jason Loh Kwok, Jason T Call, Jason Linefsky, Jassira Gomes, Jati Anumpa, Javier J Garcia, Javier Courtis, Jay Meisner, K Jayakumar, Jayne Scales, Jean E Denaro, Jean Michel Juliard, Jean Ho, Jeanette K Stansborough, Jean-Michel Juliard, Jeanne Russo, Jeannette J M Schoep, Jeet Thambyrajah, Jeff Leimberger, Jeffery A Breall, Jeffrey A Kohn, Jeffrey C Milliken, Jeffrey Anderson, Jeffrey Blume, Jeffrey Kanters, Jeffrey Lorin, Jeffrey Moses, Jelena J Stepanovic, Jelena Celutkiene, Jelena Djokic, Jelena Stojkovic, Jenne M Jose, Jenne Manchery, Jennifer A Mull, Jennifer H Czerniak, Jennifer L Stanford, Jennifer Gillis, Jennifer Horst, Jennifer Isaacs, Jennifer Langdon, Jennifer Thomson, Jennifer Tomfohr, Jennifer White, Jen-Yuan Kuo, Jeremy Rautureau, Jerome Fleg, Jessica Berg, Jessica Rodriguez, Jessica Waldron, Jhina Patro, Jia Li, Jiajia Mao, Jiamin Liu, Jian'an Wang, Jianhua Li, Jianxin Zhang, Jie Qi, Jihyun Lyo, Jill Marcus, Jim Blankenship, Jing Zhang, Jingjing Liu, Jing-Yao Fan, Jiun-Yi Li, Jiwan Pradhan, Jiyan Chen, J M Rivera Caravaca, Jo Evans, Joan Garcia Picart, Joan Hecht, Joanna Jaroch, Joanna Zalewska, Joanne Kelly, Joanne Taaffe, João Reynaldo Abbud, João V Vitola, Joaquín V Peñafiel, Jocelyne Benatar, Jody Bindeman, Joe Sabik, Joel Klitch, Johann Christopher, Johannes Aspberg, John D Friedman, John F Beltrame, John F Heitner, John Joseph Graham, John R Davies, John Doan, John Kotter, John Kurian, John Mukai, John Pownall, Jolanta Sobolewska, Jon Kobashigawa, Jonathan L Goldberg, Jonathan W Bazeley, Jonathan Byrne, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Jonathan Leipsic, Jonean Thorsen, Jorge F Trejo Gutierrez, Jorge Escobedo, Jorik Timmer, José A Ortega-Ramírez, José Antonio Marin-Neto, Jose D Salas, Jose Enrique Castillo, Jose Francisco Saraiva, José J Cuenca-Castillo, Jose L Diez, José Luis Narro Villanueva, José Luiz da Vieira, José M Flores-Palacios, Jose Ramon Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C Quinn, Maria A Alfonso, Maria Antonieta Pereira Moraes, María Dolores Martínez-Ruíz, María Fernanda Canales, Maria Inês Caetano, Maria P Corral, Maria Pérez García, Maria Victoria Actis, Maria Aguirre, Maria Andreasson, Maria Aprile, Maria Colton, Maria Eugenia Martin, Maria Lasala, Maria Lorenzo, Maria Posada, Maria Shier, Maria Thottam, Mariana V Furtado, Mariana Yumi Okada, Marianna D A Dracoulakis, Marianne De Andrade, Mariano Rubio, Marie Essermark, Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie, Marija T Petrovic, Marija Zdravkovic, Marilyn Black, Marina Garcia, Mario J Garcia, Mariola Szulik, Marisa Orgera, Mark A de Belder, Mark Harbinson, Mark Hyun, Mark Peterson, Mark Xavier, Marlowe Mosley, Marta Capinha, Marta Marcinkiewicz-Siemion, Marta Swiderek, Martha Meyer, Martina Ceseri, Martina Tricoli, Marvin Kronenberg, Mary Williams, Mary Ann Champagne, Mary Colleen Rogge, Mary R Soltau, Mary Streif, Massimo Villella, Massoud Leesar, Matei Claudia, Mateusz Solecki, Matías Nicolás Mungo, Matthew Wall Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, 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Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Bojar, Robert Chilton, Robert Guyton, Robert Henderson, Robert Kornberg, Robert Leber, Robert Mao, Robert Stenberg, Roberta P Santos, Roberto René Favaloro, Roberto Amati, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rodrigo J Cerci, Rogerio Tumelero, Rohit Tandon, Roma Tewari, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Ron Wald, Ronald A Mastouri, Ronald G Morford, Ronald G Schwartz, Ronald P Pedalino, Rongrong Hu, Ronnell A Hansen, Ronny A Cohen, Rory Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M 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Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
Published: 2020
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15. Learning and innovation among interventional cardiologists: Insights from an international survey

Author: Hani Jneid, Evangelia Vemmou, M N Burke, Santiago Garcia, Bavana V. Rangan, Ilias Nikolakopoulos, Iosif Xenogiannis, Brian A. Bergmark, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Judit Karacsonyi, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: Adult, Male, Coronary angiography, Transcatheter aortic, education, Psychological intervention, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Cardiologists, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030212 general & internal medicine, business.industry, Attendance, International survey, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Ultrasound guidance, Treatment Outcome, Current practice, Radial Artery, Female, Medical emergency, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND The willingness of interventional cardiologists to adopt innovation and implement changes in day-to-day practice has received limited study. METHODS Online-based survey on learning and innovation: 38 questions were distributed via email list to interventional cardiologists. RESULTS The survey was distributed to 8,110 e-mails and completed by 621 (7.7%, 91.8% men, 60% in the 35 to 54-year-old age group). Of the respondents who perform coronary interventions, 45% perform >100 cases of noncomplex percutaneous coronary interventions per year and of the respondents who perform structural interventions, 15% perform more than >100 transcatheter aortic valve replacements per year. Most respondents (86.7%) rate themselves as highly likely/likely to introduce recently approved equipment in everyday practice and 47.5% have tried a new coronary guidewire in the past 6 months. The most common reasons for reluctance to use new equipment were high cost (64%) and uncertainty about whether it provides additional benefits compared with existing equipment (48.5%). Radial access in STEMI cases is always used by 43.6% of the respondents and 55% always use radial access for coronary angiography. Of those who use femoral access, 32% always use ultrasound guidance and 91% have used a closure device in the last 6 months. Most respondents (80%) read journals to keep up with current practice and believe that the most effective way to learn is through attendance of workshops/short courses (77.5%). Most respondents (69%) are involved in research. CONCLUSION Interventional cardiologists who participated in the survey are highly likely to adopt innovation in daily clinical practice.
Published: 2021
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16. Preemptive percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease: identification of the appropriate high-risk lesion

Author: Diaa Hakim, Peter Stone, Zhongyue Pu, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Ischemia, Coronary Artery Disease, Fractional flow reserve, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Revascularization, Coronary artery disease, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial, Treatment Outcome, surgical procedures, operative, Conventional PCI, Cardiology, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Mace
Abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW Management of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has been based on identification of a coronary obstruction causing ischemia and performing a revascularization procedure to reduce that ischemia, with the goal of thereby preventing subsequent major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in that vascular territory. Recent investigations demonstrate that preemptive percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of nonculprit coronary lesions (NCLs) that may not cause ischemia in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) reduces MACE. In this review, we focus on preemptive PCI, discuss its mechanistic benefits and speculate on its potential value for other coronary syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS The COMPLETE trial in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI demonstrated that preemptive PCI of NCL obstructions, which may not cause ischemia, but often exhibit high-risk OCT plaque characteristics, reduced cardiovascular death or nonfatal myocardial infarction. Reduction in MACE from preemptive PCI of NCL was similar for lesions confirmed to cause ischemia (fractional flow reserve
Published: 2020
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17. Percutaneous right ventricular assist device–supported ventricular tachycardia ablation in a patient with severe right ventricular dysfunction

Author: Kevin Croce, Allison L. Tsao, David A. Morrow, William H. Sauer, Usha B. Tedrow, and Martin Aguilar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Radiofrequency ablation, business.industry, Case Report, Ventricular tachycardia, medicine.disease, Right ventricular dysfunction, law.invention, Right Ventricular Assist Device, Ventricular tachycardia ablation, law, Mechanical circulatory support, Internal medicine, RC666-701, medicine, Cardiology, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Right ventricular assist device, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2020

18. The MLD MAX OCT algorithm: An imaging‐based workflow for percutaneous coronary intervention

Author: Evan Shlofmitz, Kevin Croce, Hiram Bezerra, Tej Sheth, Bassem Chehab, Nick E. J. West, Richard Shlofmitz, and Ziad A. Ali
Subjects: Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published: 2022
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19. Association Between Intracoronary Imaging During PCI and Clinical Outcomes in a Real-World US Medicare Population

Author: Brian A. Bergmark, Eric A. Osborn, Ziad A. Ali, Aakriti Gupta, Kranthi K. Kolli, Julie B. Prillinger, James Hasegawa, Nick E.J. West, Kevin Croce, and Eric Secemsky
Published: 2023
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20. Adverse Events With Intravascular Lithotripsy After Peripheral and Off-Label Coronary Use: A Report From the FDA MAUDE Database

Author: Yashasvi, Chugh, Jaikirshan J, Khatri, Mehdi H, Shishehbor, Subhash, Banerjee, Kevin, Croce, Khaldoon, Alaswad, Bilal, Murad, Santiago, Garcia, M Nicholas, Burke, and Emmanouil S, Brilakis
Subjects: Peripheral Arterial Disease, Databases, Factual, Lithotripsy, Humans, Off-Label Use, United States
Abstract: Currently only the peripheral intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) device is approved for use in the United States. We queried the United States Food and Drug Administration's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) database from January 1, 2016 to December 14, 2020 for all reports of adverse events and modes of failure related to the peripheral IVL device, when used for on- and off-label indications. There were 20 reports of use in peripheral artery disease interventions and 3 reports of off-label use in coronary interventions. Device malfunction in 13 of 23 patients (56.5%) was the most common adverse event reported. Partial balloon or catheter dislodgment was the most common mode of IVL device failure in 12 of 20 patients (60%), followed by balloon rupture in 3 of 20 patients (15%). Coronary use was rare, and associated with balloon perforation in 1 of 3 patients, bradycardia in 1 of 3 patients, and aortocoronary dissection in 1 of 3 patients. In summary, IVL use carries risk of complications; hence, continued vigilance and postmarketing monitoring are warranted.
Published: 2021

21. Abstract 13620: Comparison of Endothelial Shear Stress (ESS) Computation Utilizing Non-Invasive Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA) vs Invasive Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Imaging

Author: Diaa Hakim, Ahmet Coskun, Chuck Maynard, zhongyue pu, Deborah Rupert, Nicholas Cefalo, Michelle Cormier, Kevin Croce, james K min, James Earls, Rob Jennings, Daniele Andreini, Saima Mushtaq, Edoardo Conte, and Peter H Stone
Subjects: Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: Risk-stratification of individual coronary plaques is an important goal to detect high-risk plaques likely to progress/destabilize, which could inform preemptive intervention to prevent adverse cardiac events. IVUS imaging, the current gold standard to assess plaque risk, has shown that biomechanical variables, particularly local ESS, contributes critical synergistic prognostic insight when combined with anatomic high-risk plaque features. Non-invasive risk assessment of coronary plaques with CCTA would be invaluable to enable broad population risk screening, but it is unknown whether CCTA, which has less spatial resolution than IVUS, can adequately measure the critical local biomechanical and anatomic variables. Aim: To compare the accuracy of ESS computation of local ESS metrics by non-invasive CCTA vs invasive IVUS imaging. Methods: We analyzed 30 arteries (22 LAD, 4 LCx,4 RCA) from 30 patients selected from a registry of patients who underwent both IVUS and CCTA of the same artery for suspected CAD. CCTA images were acquired using a CCTA with either 64 or 256 detector rows. We segmented lumen, vessel, and plaque areas with both IVUS (manual segmentation) and CCTA (AI based software; Cleerly Inc, NY). Co-registration of IVUS and CCTA Images was performed using fiduciary anatomic landmarks. Images from IVUS and CCTA were used to generate a 3-D arterial reconstruction, and local ESS distribution was assessed by computational fluid dynamics and reported in consecutive 3-mm segments. Results: Table Conclusion: Compared to IVUS values, 256-slice is more accurate than 64-slice CCTA to measure lumen and vessel areas, but computation of detailed local ESS (average, low and high) is similar by both CCTA methods. Local ESS evaluation using non-invasive CCTA is feasible and comparable to invasive gold standard IVUS and is suitable to characterize the local flow patterns that play an important role in plaque development, progression, and destabilization
Published: 2021
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22. Abstract 11768: Role of Endothelial Shear Stress and Endothelial Shear Stress Gradient in Plaques Associated With Acute Erosion vs. Stable Control Plaques and Relationship Between Plaque Slope and Localization of Plaque Erosion

Author: Diaa Hakim, Ahmet U Coskun, Charles Maynard, zhongyue pu, Deborah Rupert, Nicholas Cefalo, Tej Sheth, Natalia Pinilla-Echeverri, Kajander A Olli, Gerasimos Siasos, Michail I Papafaklis, Stefanu Kostas, Lampros K Michalis, Kevin Croce, and Peter H Stone
Subjects: Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract: Introduction: The role of endothelial shear stress (ESS) in the development of coronary plaque erosion is unknown. High ESS gradient (ESSG) has been hypothesized to promote plaque erosion, but no studies have included matched control stable plaques with the same minimal and reference lumen area (MLA, RLA, respectively). No studies examined the location of plaque erosion (proximal vs distal to MLA of the culprit plaque) related to the max magnitude of upslope vs downslope of the lumen obstruction. Aims: (1) to compare ESSG between plaques with erosion and similar control plaques that remained stable; (2) among erosion plaques, to study the effect of max slope steepness (Δ lumen area/frame) up- and down-stream from the culprit plaque MLA on thrombus location. Methods: We studied 46 patients from TOTAL and COMPLETE trials who underwent angiography and OCT imaging: 46 arteries: 27 LAD, 6 LCX, 13 RCA. Plaques were divided into Plaque Erosion (n=24) with OCT features of erosion before PCI (17 definite, 7 probable erosion) and matched coronary plaques from separate control patients (n=22) without plaque disruption. Orthogonal angiographic views were used to generate a 3-D arterial reconstruction, and angio centerline was combined with OCT centerline. Local ESS distribution was assessed by computational fluid dynamics and reported in consecutive 3-mm segments. Among the plaque erosions, we calculated the up- and down-slope (Δ lumen area/frame) of lumen obstruction for each culprit plaque. Results: See Table Conclusion: In plaques with similarly severe obstruction, plaque erosion is associated with higher max ESS and max ESSG vs plaques that remain stable. Proximal plaque erosion/thrombus is associated with steeper plaque upslope vs downslope, and distal plaque erosion/thrombus is associated with steeper plaque downslope vs upslope. Absolute ESSG is higher in downslope vs upslope erosions. These features may help prognosticate individual plaques at risk for future erosion.
Published: 2021
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23. Safety and efficacy of dedicated guidewire, microcatheter, and guide catheter extension technologies for chronic total coronary occlusion revascularization: Primary results of the Teleflex Chronic Total Occlusion Study

Author: Kevin Croce, Robert Riley, Kathleen E. Kearney, Farouc A. Jaffer, David E. Kandzari, Robert W. Yeh, William J. Nicholson, Alexandra J. Lansky, Anthony Spaedy, R. Michael Wyman, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Dimitrios Karmpaliotis, Khaldoon Alaswad, Christopher E. Buller, and Craig Thompson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Percutaneous, Catheters, medicine.medical_treatment, Perforation (oil well), Revascularization, Coronary Angiography, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Prospective Studies, Registries, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, General Medicine, Surgery, Treatment Outcome, Coronary Occlusion, Coronary occlusion, Conventional PCI, Chronic Disease, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, TIMI, Mace
Abstract: BACKGROUND Description of procedural outcomes using contemporary techniques that apply specialized coronary guidewires, microcatheters, and guide catheter extensions designed for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous revascularization is limited. METHODS A prospective, multicenter, single-arm study was conducted to evaluate procedural and in-hospital outcomes among 150 patients undergoing attempted CTO revascularization utilizing specialized guidewires, microcatheters and guide extensions. The primary endpoint was defined as successful guidewire recanalization and absence of in-hospital cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), or repeat target lesion revascularization (major adverse cardiac events, MACE). RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes was 32.7%; prior MI, 48.0%; and previous bypass surgery, 32.7%. Average (mean ± standard deviation) CTO length was 46.9 ± 20.5 mm, and mean J-CTO score was 1.9 ± 0.9. Combined radial and femoral arterial access was performed in 50.0% of cases. Device utilization included: support microcatheter, 100%; guide catheter extension, 64.0%; and mean number of study guidewires/procedure was 4.8 ± 2.6. Overall, procedural success was achieved in 75.3% of patients. The rate of successful guidewire recanalization was 94.7%, and in-hospital MACE was 19.3%. Achievement of TIMI grade 2 or 3 flow was observed in 93.3% of patients. Crossing strategies included antegrade (54.0%), retrograde (1.3%) and combined antegrade/retrograde techniques (44.7%). Clinically significant perforation resulting in hemodynamic instability and/or requiring intervention occurred in 16 (10.7%) patients. CONCLUSIONS In a multicenter, prospective registration study, favorable procedural success was achieved despite high lesion complexity using antegrade and retrograde guidewire maneuvers and with acceptable safety, yet with comparably higher risk than conventional non-CTO PCI.
Published: 2021

24. MicroRNA-615-5p Regulates Angiogenesis and Tissue Repair by Targeting AKT/eNOS (Protein Kinase B/Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase) Signaling in Endothelial Cells

Author: Stein Erik Rynning, Winona W. Wu, Mark W. Feinberg, Basak Icli, Raphael Boesch Guimaraes, Giorgio Giatsidis, Julio Flávio Meirelles Marchini, Stefan Haemmig, Hao Li, Kevin Croce, Henry S. Cheng, Dennis P. Orgill, Andre Manica, Ivar Risnes, Ivana Hollan, Denizhan Ozdemir, Seyma Nazli Avci, Nathan Lee, Xin Liu, and Xianbin Yang
Subjects: Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, 0301 basic medicine, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III, Angiogenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Article, Nitric oxide, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Phosphorylation, Protein kinase B, Matrigel, Tumor Suppressor Proteins, Growth factor, Endothelial Cells, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endothelial stem cell, Vascular endothelial growth factor, MicroRNAs, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Signal transduction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Objective— In response to tissue injury, the appropriate progression of events in angiogenesis is controlled by a careful balance between pro and antiangiogenic factors. We aimed to identify and characterize microRNAs that regulate angiogenesis in response to tissue injury. Approach and Results— We show that in response to tissue injury, microRNA-615-5p (miR-615-5p) is rapidly induced and serves as an antiangiogenic microRNA by targeting endothelial cell VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-AKT (protein kinase B)/eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) signaling in vitro and in vivo. MiR-615-5p expression is increased in wounds of diabetic db/db mice, in plasma of human subjects with acute coronary syndromes, and in plasma and skin of human subjects with diabetes mellitus. Ectopic expression of miR-615-5p markedly inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration, network tube formation in Matrigel, and the release of nitric oxide, whereas miR-615-5p neutralization had the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies using transcriptomic profiling, bioinformatics, 3′ untranslated region reporter and microribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation assays, and small interfering RNA dependency studies demonstrate that miR-615-5p inhibits the VEGF-AKT/eNOS signaling pathway in endothelial cells by targeting IGF2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) and RASSF2 (Ras-associating domain family member 2). Local delivery of miR-615-5p inhibitors, markedly increased angiogenesis, granulation tissue thickness, and wound closure rates in db/db mice, whereas miR-615-5p mimics impaired these effects. Systemic miR-615-5p neutralization improved skeletal muscle perfusion and angiogenesis after hindlimb ischemia in db/db mice. Finally, modulation of miR-615-5p expression dynamically regulated VEGF-induced AKT signaling and angiogenesis in human skin organoids as a model of tissue injury. Conclusions— These findings establish miR-615-5p as an inhibitor of VEGF-AKT/eNOS–mediated endothelial cell angiogenic responses and that manipulating miR-615-5p expression could provide a new target for angiogenic therapy in response to tissue injury. Visual Overview— An online visual overview is available for this article.
Published: 2019
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25. MicroRNA‐135a‐3p regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting p38 signaling in endothelial cells

Author: Dennis P. Orgill, Merve Kurt, Stein Erik Rynning, Henry S. Cheng, Winona W. Wu, Mark W. Feinberg, Giorgio Giatsidis, Basak Icli, Nathan Lee, Kevin Croce, Ivar Risnes, Ivana Hollan, Hao Li, Xin Liu, Julio Flávio Meirelles Marchini, Denizhan Ozdemir, Andre Manica, Seyma Nazli Avci, Raphael Boesche Guimaraes, and Stefan Haemmig
Subjects: Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, 0301 basic medicine, Small interfering RNA, Angiogenesis, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Biochemistry, Cell Line, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Movement, Mice, Inbred NOD, microRNA, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Molecular Biology, Cell Proliferation, Tube formation, Wound Healing, Matrigel, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Chemistry, Research, Endothelial Cells, Granulation tissue, Cell biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Endothelial stem cell, MicroRNAs, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Signal transduction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Signal Transduction, Biotechnology
Abstract: Angiogenesis is a critical process in repair of tissue injury that is regulated by a delicate balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors. In disease states associated with impaired angiogenesis, we identified that miR-135a-3p is rapidly induced and serves as an antiangiogenic microRNA (miRNA) by targeting endothelial cell (EC) p38 signaling in vitro and in vivo. MiR-135a-3p overexpression significantly inhibited EC proliferation, migration, and network tube formation in matrigel, whereas miR-135-3p neutralization had the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies using transcriptomic profiling, bioinformatics, 3′-UTR reporter and miRNA ribonucleoprotein complex -immunoprecipitation assays, and small interfering RNA dependency studies revealed that miR-135a-3p inhibits the p38 signaling pathway in ECs by targeting huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1). Local delivery of miR-135a-3p inhibitors to wounds of diabetic db/db mice markedly increased angiogenesis, granulation tissue thickness, and wound closure rates, whereas local delivery of miR-135a-3p mimics impaired these effects. Finally, through gain- and loss-of-function studies in human skin organoids as a model of tissue injury, we demonstrated that miR-135a-3p potently modulated p38 signaling and angiogenesis in response to VEGF stimulation by targeting HIP1. These findings establish miR-135a-3p as a pivotal regulator of pathophysiological angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting a VEGF-HIP1-p38K signaling axis, providing new targets for angiogenic therapy to promote tissue repair.—Icli, B., Wu, W., Ozdemir, D., Li, H., Haemmig, S., Liu, X., Giatsidis, G., Cheng, H. S., Avci, S. N., Kurt, M., Lee, N., Guimaraes, R. B., Manica, A., Marchini, J. F., Rynning, S. E., Risnes, I., Hollan, I., Croce, K., Orgill, D. P., Feinberg, M. W. MicroRNA-135a-3p regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting p38 signaling in endothelial cells.
Published: 2019
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26. Integrating Intracoronary Imaging into PCI Workflow and Catheterization Laboratory Culture

Author: Musa A. Sharkawi, Pinak B. Shah, Jonathan G. Sung, Brian A. Bergmark, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Interventional radiology, Cell Biology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Imaging data, Workflow, Optical coherence tomography, Intravascular ultrasound, Conventional PCI, Medicine, Medical physics, Registry data, business
Abstract: Intracoronary imaging, including intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), has become an increasingly important tool in all stages of invasive coronary disease management, from diagnosis to lesion assessment and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) optimization. Despite the robust and growing evidence base supporting imaging-guided PCI, there has been a slow uptake in practice, particularly in the USA. This article aims to explore barriers to the use of intracoronary imaging during PCI and potential strategies to improve the uptake of intracoronary imaging in the catheterization laboratory. Over the past decade, several randomized trials have supported the use of intracoronary imaging in PCI to improve outcome. However, registry data has suggested that the uptake of intracoronary imaging has been particularly slow in the USA. Important barriers to the use of intracoronary imaging include procedural time, cost, perceived risk, and lack of familiarity with imaging use and interpretation. Potential strategies to improve the uptake of intracoronary imaging in the catheterization laboratory include improving training and technical support, monthly audit on PCI imaging data, and incorporation of the prescriptive imaging workflow. Preliminary analysis shows that prescriptive image-guided workflow can reduce contrast and radiation use in procedures, and result in shorter procedure time. Despite the numerous barriers to the use of intracoronary imaging in the catheterization laboratory, these challenges can be overcome to improve patient’s outcome after PCI.
Published: 2021
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27. TCT-295 Safety and Efficacy of Laser Atherectomy for the Treatment of Complex Stent Failure

Author: Brian A. Bergmark, Mordechai Golomb, Phillip M. Devlin, Diaa Hakim, Allison L. Tsao, Barbora Zvarova, Musa A. Sharkawi, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: Atherectomy, medicine.medical_specialty, law, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Stent, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Laser, business, law.invention
Published: 2021
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28. TCT-414 Safety and Efficacy of Dedicated Guidewire, Microcatheter, and Guide Catheter Extension Technologies for Chronic Total Coronary Occlusion Revascularization: Primary Results of the Teleflex Chronic Total Occlusion Study

Author: Anthony Spaedy, Robert W. Yeh, R. Michael Wyman, Craig B. Thompson, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, William J. Nicholson, Kevin Croce, Kathleen E. Kearney, David E. Kandzari, Khaldoon Alaswad, Robert Riley, Alexandra J. Lansky, and Farouc A. Jaffer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Guide catheter, business.industry, Coronary occlusion, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Revascularization, Total occlusion, Surgery
Published: 2021
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29. Global Chronic Total Occlusion Crossing Algorithm

Author: Kambis Mashayekhi, Ashish Pershad, Alexandre Avran, Nidal Abi Rafeh, Jaikirshan Khatri, R. Leung, Lei Ge, Michael Behnes, Wissam Jaber, William Lombardi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Hung M. Ngo, Göran K. Olivecrona, William J. Nicholson, Colm G. Hanratty, Kevin Croce, José P.S. Henriques, Roberto Garbo, Franklin Hanna Quesada, Anthony Spaedy, Nenad Z. Bozinovic, Gregg W. Stone, Gerald S. Werner, James C. Spratt, Ravinay Bhindi, Angela Hoye, Minh Vo, Tony De Martini, Javier Escaned, Jennifer A. Tremmel, Arun Kalyanasundaram, Khaldoon Alaswad, Jason R Wollmuth, Christopher E. Buller, Anbukarasi Maran, Ji Yan Chen, Avtandil M. Babunashvili, Qi Zhang, Vu Hoang Vu, Raja Hatem, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Baktash Bayani, Vithala Surya Prakasa Rao, Farouc A. Jaffer, Andrea Gagnor, Achim Buttner, Yu Li, Khalid Tammam, Félix Damas de los Santos, Basem Elbarouni, Aurel Toma, Jie Qian, David Hildick-Smith, Paul Knaapen, Sergey Furkalo, Nicolaus Reifart, Marouane Boukhris, Omer Goktekin, Alexander Bufe, Joseph Dens, Eugene B. Wu, Artis Kalnins, Mohaned Egred, Carlo Di Mario, Margaret McEntegart, Seung-Whan Lee, Risto Jussila, Oleg Krestyaninov, Scott A. Harding, Mauro Carlino, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Muhammad Munawar, Bo Xu, Alfredo R. Galassi, David E. Kandzari, Jarosław Wójcik, Yue Li, Imre Ungi, M. Nicholas Burke, Yangsoo Jang, Thierry Lefèvre, Luiz F. Ybarra, Robert F. Riley, Julian Strange, Mario Araya, Lucio Padilla, Hsien-Li Kao, Stéphane Rinfret, Craig Thompson, Simon J Walsh, Pravin K. Goel, Sidney Lo, Allison B. Hall, Robert W. Yeh, Andres Navarro, Marin Postu, Gabriele Gasparini, Ran Kornowski, Masahisa Yamane, A. V.Ganesh Kumar, Anja Øksnes, Hussien Heshmat Kassem, Stefan Harb, Soo Teik Lim, Kefei Dou, Nieves Gonzalo, George Sianos, Truls Råmunddal, Lorenzo Azzalini, Pablo Lamelas, Mitul Patel, Nicolas Boudou, Antonio Colombo, Evald Hoej Christiansen, Jeffrey W. Moses, Luca Grancini, Jonathan Hill, Ahmed ElGuindy, Etsuo Tsuchikane, Elliot J. Smith, Ricardo Santiago Trinidad, Leszek Bryniarski, Pedro Cardoso, Meruzhan Saghatelyan, Junbo Ge, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Subjects: medicine.diagnostic_test, Algoritmos, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Global, State of the art review, Collateral circulation, Total occlusion, Catheter, Chronic total occlusion, Coronary Occlusion, Intravascular ultrasound, Occlusion, Angiography, Treatment algorithm, Medicine, Oclusão Coronária, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Algorithm, Algorithms
Abstract: © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC By-NC-ND License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4), The authors developed a global chronic total occlusion crossing algorithm following 10 steps: 1) dual angiography; 2) careful angiographic review focusing on proximal cap morphology, occlusion segment, distal vessel quality, and collateral circulation; 3) approaching proximal cap ambiguity using intravascular ultrasound, retrograde, and move-the-cap techniques; 4) approaching poor distal vessel quality using the retrograde approach and bifurcation at the distal cap by use of a dual-lumen catheter and intravascular ultrasound; 5) feasibility of retrograde crossing through grafts and septal and epicardial collateral vessels; 6) antegrade wiring strategies; 7) retrograde approach; 8) changing strategy when failing to achieve progress; 9) considering performing an investment procedure if crossing attempts fail; and 10) stopping when reaching high radiation or contrast dose or in case of long procedural time, occurrence of a serious complication, operator and patient fatigue, or lack of expertise or equipment. This algorithm can improve outcomes and expand discussion, research, and collaboration.
Published: 2021

30. Targeted delivery of protein arginine deiminase-4 inhibitors to limit arterial intimal NETosis and preserve endothelial integrity

Author: Grasiele Sausen, Frederik Kloss, Mi Kyung Yu, Gha Young Lee, Roberto Molinaro, Eduardo J. Folco, Jinjun Shi, Omid C. Farokhzad, Peter Libby, Yevgenia Tesmenitsky, Kevin Croce, Claudia Corbo, Galina K. Sukhova, Colette A. Bichsel, Eugenia Shvartz, Yuan Liu, Molinaro, R, Yu, M, Sausen, G, Bichsel, C, Corbo, C, Folco, E, Lee, G, Liu, Y, Tesmenitsky, Y, Shvartz, E, Sukhova, G, Kloss, F, Croce, K, Farokhzad, O, Shi, J, and Libby, P
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Physiology, Mice, Knockout, ApoE, 02 engineering and technology, Extracellular Traps, Basement Membrane, Extracellular matrix, Protein-Arginine Deiminase Type 4, Medicine, Nanotechnology, Tissue Distribution, Enzyme Inhibitors, Cells, Cultured, Drug Carriers, Fibrous cap, Protein-arginine deiminase, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Endothelial stem cell, medicine.anatomical_structure, Atherosclerosi, Systemic administration, 0210 nano-technology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Protein Binding, Collagen Type IV, Endothelium, Surface Properties, Drug Compounding, Cardiovascular nanomedicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Physiology (medical), Animals, Humans, Cell Culture Techniques, Three Dimensional, Targeted nanoparticle, Basement membrane, Experimental superficial erosion, business.industry, Endothelial Cells, Neutrophil extracellular traps, Original Articles, Atherosclerosis, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Liberation, 030104 developmental biology, Cancer research, Nanoparticles, business, Neutrophil extracellular trap
Abstract: Aims Recent evidence suggests that ‘vulnerable plaques’, which have received intense attention as underlying mechanism of acute coronary syndromes over the decades, actually rarely rupture and cause clinical events. Superficial plaque erosion has emerged as a growing cause of residual thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis in an era of increased preventive measures including lipid lowering, antihypertensive therapy, and smoking cessation. The mechanisms of plaque erosion remain poorly understood, and we currently lack validated effective diagnostics or therapeutics for superficial erosion. Eroded plaques have a rich extracellular matrix, an intact fibrous cap, sparse lipid, and few mononuclear cells, but do harbour neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We recently reported that NETs amplify and propagate the endothelial damage at the site of arterial lesions that recapitulate superficial erosion in mice. We showed that genetic loss of protein arginine deiminase (PAD)-4 function inhibited NETosis and preserved endothelial integrity. The current study used systemic administration of targeted nanoparticles to deliver an agent that limits NETs formation to probe mechanisms of and demonstrate a novel therapeutic approach to plaque erosion that limits endothelial damage. Methods and results We developed Collagen IV-targeted nanoparticles (Col IV NP) to deliver PAD4 inhibitors selectively to regions of endothelial cell sloughing and collagen IV-rich basement membrane exposure. We assessed the binding capability of the targeting ligand in vitro and evaluated Col IV NP targeting to areas of denuded endothelium in vivo in a mouse preparation that recapitulates features of superficial erosion. Delivery of the PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 reduced NET accumulation at sites of intimal injury and preserved endothelial continuity. Conclusions NPs directed to Col IV show selective uptake and delivery of their payload to experimentally eroded regions, illustrating their translational potential. Our results further support the role of PAD4 and NETs in superficial erosion.
Published: 2021

31. Abstract 15794: Role of Endothelial Shear Stress and Endothelial Shear Stress Gradient in Plaques Associated With Acute Erosion vs. Stable Control Plaques

Author: Ahmet U. Coskun, Kevin Croce, Charles Maynard, Lampros K. Michalis, Diaa Hakim, Zhongyue Pu, Gersimos Siasos, Natalia Pinilla-Echeverri, Tej Sheth, Michelle A. Cormier, Peter Stone, Nicholas V. Cefalo, Stefanu Kostas, Michail I. Papafaklis, and Olli A. Kajander
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Physiology (medical), Shear stress, Medicine, Plaque growth, Acute erosion, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Plaque erosion
Abstract: Introduction: The role of endothelial shear stress (ESS) in the natural history of plaque growth and TCFA formation/destabilization has been studied, but the role in plaque erosion is unknown. High ESS gradient (ESSG) has been hypothesized to promote plaque erosion, but no studies have included matched “control” stable plaques with the same minimal luminal area (MLA) and reference luminal area (RLA) but no adverse coronary event. Hypothesis: To compare ESS and ESSG between coronary plaques that developed erosion and similar morphology plaques that remain stable. Methods: We studied a subset of patients from both TOTAL and COMPLETE trials who underwent angiography and OCT evaluation: 27 patients (27 arteries: 18 LAD, 3 LCX, 6 RCA). Plaques were divided into Plaque Erosion (n=16) from TOTAL study with OCT features of plaque erosion and Control (n=11) plaques (non-culprit lesions from COMPLETE) with matched MLA and RLA and no OCT evidence of plaque disruption. Orthogonal angiographic views were used to generate a 3-D arterial reconstruction, and angio centerline was merged with OCT centerline. Local ESS distribution was assessed by computational flow dynamics and reported in consecutive 3-mm segments. Results: Table 1 shows differences in ESS between Plaque Erosion and Control Plaques Conclusions: In coronary plaques with similar severe obstruction (MLA) and reference area (RLA), plaque erosion is associated with higher coronary flow, max ESS, and ESSG in any direction, in the proximal-to-distal direction, and in the circumferential direction compared to plaques that remain stable. Future studies will determine which "feature (s)" of high ESS or ESSG are independently associated with erosion.
Published: 2020
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32. Abstract 15700: Targeted Nanoparticle Delivery of a Protein Arginine Deiminase-4 Inhibitor Limits Arterial Intimal Netosis and Preserves Endothelial Integrity in Mouse Arterial Erosion-like Injury

Author: Eugenia Shvartz, Frederik Kloss, Mi Kyung Yu, Gha Young Lee, Roberto Molinaro, Collette A Bichsel, Peter Libby, Omid C. Farokhzad, Yevgenia Tesmenitsky, Claudia Corbo, Galina K. Sukhova, Kevin Croce, and Jinjun Shi
Subjects: business.industry, Physiology (medical), Medicine, A protein, Lipid lowering, Pharmacology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.disease, Arginine deiminase, Thrombosis, Thrombotic complication, Plaque erosion
Abstract: Introduction: Superficial plaque erosion has emerged as a growing cause of residual thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis in an era of effective lipid lowering, anti-hypertensive therapy, and smoking cessation. The mechanisms of plaque erosion remain poorly understood, and we currently lack validated effective diagnostics or therapeutics for superficial erosion. Lesions complicated by erosion have a rich extracellular matrix, sparse lipid, and few mononuclear cells, but do harbor neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We recently reported that NETs amplify and propagate the endothelial damage at the site of arterial lesions that recapitulate in mice elements of superficial erosion. We previously showed that genetic loss of protein arginine deiminase (PAD)-4 function inhibited NETosis and preserved endothelial integrity. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that Col IV-targeted NPs (Col IV-NPs) can deliver PAD4 inhibitors selectively to regions of EC sloughing and collagen IV-rich basement membrane exposure, and attenuate the amplification, persistence, and propagation of superficial erosion and consequent thrombosis. Methods: We developed Col IV-NPs to deliver PAD4 inhibitors selectively to regions of endothelial cell sloughing and collagen IV-rich basement membrane exposure using our validated experimental preparation that reproduces in mice some of the conditions ascribed to lesions associated with superficial erosion. Results and Conclusions: We first demonstrated the binding of the targeting ligand in vitro and evaluated Col IV NP targeting towards areas of denuded endothelium in vivo in this mouse preparation. Delivery of the PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 as cargo in these nanoparticles reduced NETs release at sites of eroded areas. Compared to non-targeted NPs, Col IV NPs showed a 1.8-fold increased accumulation at regions of endothelial injury (p
Published: 2020
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33. Abstract 15552: Learning and Innovation Among Interventional Cardiologists, Insights From an International Survey

Author: Kevin Croce, Brian A. Bergmark, Ilias Nikolakopoulos, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Bavana V. Rangan, Evangelia Vemmou, M. Nicholas Burke, Judit Karacsonyi, and Iosif Xenogiannis
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Medical education, Interventional cardiology, business.industry, Physiology (medical), medicine, International survey, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Introduction: The willingness of interventional cardiologists to adopt innovation and implement changes in day-to-day practice has received limited study. Methods: Online-based survey on learning and innovation involving 38 questions distributed via email list to interventional cardiologists. Results: The survey was distributed to 8,110 e-mails and completed by 621 (7.6% , 92% men, 60% in the 35 to 54-year-old age group). Of the respondents who perform coronary interventions, 45% perform >100 cases of non-complex percutaneous coronary interventions per year and of the respondents who perform structural interventions, 15% perform more than >100 transcatheter aortic valve replacements per year. Most respondents (86%) are highly likely/likely to introduce recently approved equipment in everyday practice and 48% have tried a new coronary guidewire in the past six months ( Figure ). Regarding specific techniques, most (69%) use the double kissing crush technique when treating coronary bifurcations with a 2-stent strategy, followed by T -stenting (60%). Radial access in STEMI cases is always used by 43% of the respondents and 54% always use radial access for coronary angiography. Of those who use femoral access, 32% always use ultrasound guidance and 91% have used a closure device in the last six months. The majority read journals to keep up with current practice and believe that the most effective way to learn is through attendance of workshops/short courses (79%), followed by proctorship (61%). Most of the respondents (69%) are involved in research. Conclusions: Interventional cardiologists who participated in the survey are highly likely to adopt innovation in daily clinical practice.
Published: 2020
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34. Summary of Practice Considerations for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Left Main Bifurcation Disease

Author: Tanveer Rab, Kevin Croce, Rajesh Davé, Perwaiz Meraj, Gautam Kumar, Mir B Basir, J. Dawn Abbott, Brigham, and Azeem Latib
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Left main bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention is a challenging subset that requires expertise in techniques that are in constant modification. Imaging is important in lesion preparation and optimising outcomes. The interventionalist needs to be highly skilled in the different techniques, as missteps may lead to stent thrombosis and critical in-stent restenosis. Lesion classification between simple and complex identifies those who would best benefit from a two-stent technique. Current technical approaches and practice considerations are summarised in this manuscript.
Published: 2020

35. Oxidized Low‐Density Lipoprotein Induces Macrophage Production of Prothrombotic Microparticles

Author: Andre Manica, Jochen Dutzmann, Eduardo J. Folco, Paulo Crestani, Heinz Weber, Julio Flávio Meirelles Marchini, Kevin Croce, and Peter Libby
Subjects: oxidized, caspase, Oxidized low density lipoprotein, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Molecular Cardiology, Thromboplastin, Proinflammatory cytokine, lipids, 03 medical and health sciences, Tissue factor, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell-Derived Microparticles, Humans, Medicine, Macrophage, Microparticle, Caspase, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, microparticles, Inflammation, 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, Macrophages, Vesicle, Thrombin, Thrombosis, Flow Cytometry, tissue factor, Atherosclerosis, Cell biology, Lipoproteins, LDL, biology.protein, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Signal transduction, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, signal transduction
Abstract: Background Activated vascular cells produce submicron prothrombotic and proinflammatory microparticle vesicles. Atherosclerotic plaques contain high levels of microparticles. Plasma microparticle levels increase during acute coronary syndromes and the thrombotic consequences of plaque rupture likely involve macrophage‐derived microparticles (MΦMPs). The activation pathways that promote MΦMP production remain poorly defined. This study tested the hypothesis that signals implicated in atherogenesis also stimulate MΦMP production. Methods and Results We stimulated human primary MΦs with proinflammatory cytokines and atherogenic lipids, and measured MΦMP production by flow cytometry. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL; 25 µg/mL) induced MΦMP production in a concentration‐dependent manner (293% increase; P P P P P P Conclusions OxLDL induces the production of prothrombotic microparticles in macrophages. This process depends on caspases 3 and 7 and CD36 and is inhibited by mevastatin pretreatment. These findings link atherogenic signaling pathways, inflammation, and plaque thrombogenicity and identify a novel potential mechanism for antithrombotic effects of statins independent of LDL lowering.
Published: 2020
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36. S100A9-RAGE Axis Accelerates Formation of Macrophage-Mediated Extracellular Vesicle Microcalcification in Diabetes Mellitus

Author: Peter Libby, Mark C. Blaser, Dayanna Carolina Romero, Hideyuki Higashi, Elena Aikawa, Kevin Croce, Sasha A Singh, Daniel G. Anderson, Lívia Silva Araújo Passos, Sheldon Weinbaum, Ryo Kawakami, Ann Marie Schmidt, Luis Cardoso, Masanori Aikawa, Galina K. Sukhova, Shunsuke Katsuki, David Kopriva, Dakota Becker-Greene, Josef Buttigieg, and Richard Travers
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products, Extracellular vesicles, Article, S100A9, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, RAGE (receptor), Diabetes Complications, Extracellular Vesicles, Mice, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Alarmins, Animals, Calgranulin B, Humans, Medicine, Macrophage, Vascular Calcification, Vascular calcification, Inflammation, business.industry, Macrophages, Extracellular vesicle, Macrophage Activation, medicine.disease, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract: Objective: Vascular calcification is a cardiovascular risk factor and accelerated in diabetes mellitus. Previous work has established a role for calcification-prone extracellular vesicles in promoting vascular calcification. However, the mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus provokes cardiovascular events remain incompletely understood. Our goal was to identify that increased S100A9 promotes the release of calcification-prone extracellular vesicles from human macrophages in diabetes mellitus. Approach and Results: Human primary macrophages exposed to high glucose (25 mmol/L) increased S100A9 secretion and the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) protein. Recombinant S100A9 induced the expression of proinflammatory and osteogenic factors, as well as the number of extracellular vesicles with high calcific potential (alkaline phosphatase activity, P −/− S100a9 −/− mice and mice treated with S100a9 siRNA encapsulated in macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticles showed decreased inflammation and microcalcification in atherosclerotic plaques, as gauged by molecular imaging and comprehensive histological analysis. In human carotid plaques, comparative proteomics in patients with diabetes mellitus and histological analysis showed that the S100A9-RAGE axis associates with osteogenic activity and the formation of microcalcification. Conclusions: Under hyperglycemic conditions, macrophages release calcific extracellular vesicles through mechanisms involving the S100A9-RAGE axis, thus contributing to the formation of microcalcification within atherosclerotic plaques.
Published: 2020

37. The Single‐access for Hi‐risk PCI (SHiP) technique

Author: Ethan C Korngold, Jason R Wollmuth, Duane S. Pinto, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac Catheterization, Percutaneous, Heart Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Case Reports, Punctures, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cardiac Catheters, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Hemostasis valve, Catheterization, Peripheral, medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, 030212 general & internal medicine, Impella, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Surgery, Catheter, Increased risk, Treatment Outcome, Conventional PCI, Access site, Female, Heart-Assist Devices, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Currently, the Impella CP (Abiomed, Danvers, Massachusetts) percutaneous ventricular assist catheter requires implantation through a 14 French sheath. Additional arterial access is commonly obtained to perform therapeutic or diagnostic procedures. Multiple arterial access requires time and results in increased risk for vascular complications. Some patients may have limited arterial access. We describe the Single‐access for Hi‐risk PCI (SHiP) technique to allow for rapid and safer single access utilizing only the Impella access site. After the Impella catheter is placed in the standard fashion, a micropuncture needle is used to pierce the hemostasis valve of the Impella insertion sheath. After dilating the hemostasis valve and exchanging for a 0.035″ wire, up to a 7 French sheath can be inserted for PCI within the 14 French access sheath and alongside the 9 French portion of the Impella catheter. After PCI, the sheath is removed. We report on a case series of 17 patients using this technique. There were no instances of bleeding during the procedure or after removal of the PCI sheath, and no evidence of disruption of the Impella sheath.
Published: 2019

38. Adoption and Outcomes of a Single-Access Technique for Impella Support in High-Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Author: Aaron V. Kaplan, Kevin Croce, Kapil Lotun, Duane, and Jason R Wollmuth
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Emergency medicine, Medicine, Percutaneous coronary intervention, General Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Impella
Published: 2021
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39. Persistence and proliferation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in the right ventricular myocardium after intracoronary injection in a large animal model of pulmonary hypertension

Author: Robert Musmann, Fernanda Mangione, Jane A. Leopold, Roza Badr Eslam, Aaron B. Waxman, Kevin Croce, and Richard N. Mitchell
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Swine, Heart Ventricles, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Placenta, Immunology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Article, Pulmonary vein, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, medicine.artery, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Genetics (clinical), Cell Proliferation, Transplantation, business.industry, Myocardium, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell Biology, equipment and supplies, medicine.disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Surgery, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Injections, Intra-Arterial, Oncology, Ventricle, Right coronary artery, Pulmonary artery, Ventricular Function, Right, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Immunohistochemistry, Female, business
Abstract: Background aims In this study, we demonstrate long-term persistence of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) after intracoronary injection in a large animal model of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods Commercially available placenta-derived hMSCs were used. Experiments were conducted on 14 female Yorkshire swine. Four animals served as controls, and 10 underwent pulmonary vein (PV) banding. After 12 ± 2 weeks, PH and PV dysfunction were confirmed by right heart catheterization and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. hMSCs were injected in the marginal branch of the right coronary artery. Tissues were harvested 6, 9 or 24 days after infusion. Results After 12 ± 2 weeks after PV banding, all subjects had increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (13.6 ± 3.6 versus 30.8 ± 4.5 mm Hg, P P = 0.003). Intracoronary injection of hMSCs was well tolerated. Up to 24 days after hMSC injection, immunohistochemistry revealed extravascular viable human CD105 + mononuclear cells in the right ventricle (RV) that were Ki67 + . This was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. CD45 + porcine inflammatory cells were identified, commonly seen adjacent to areas of healing microscopic infarction that likely dated to the time of the original hMSC injection. Anti-CD31 staining produced strong signals in areas of injected hMSCs. Immunohistochemistry staining for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 showed upregulation in the clusters, where mononuclear cells were located. Conclusions hMSCs injected via intracoronary infusion survived up to 24 days and demonstrated proliferative capacity. hMSCs can persist long term in the RV and are potential cell source for tissue repair in RV dysfunction.
Published: 2017
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40. TCT CONNECT-406 Effect of a Prescriptive Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Strategy on Treatment of In-Stent Restenosis: Insights from the LightLab Initiative

Author: John J. Lopez, Mordechai Golomb, Jana Buccola, Richard Rapoza, Brian A. Bergmark, Jason R Wollmuth, Kevin Croce, and Nick E.J. West
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Optical coherence tomography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Medicine, Radiology, In stent restenosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2020
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41. TCT CONNECT-409 Mechanisms of Multi layer In-Stent Restenosis Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography

Author: Chidalu Mozie, Mordechai Golomb, Musa A. Sharkawi, Phillip M. Devlin, Mickayla Royer, Barbora Zvarova, Brian A. Bergmark, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: Optical coherence tomography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Medicine, In stent restenosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Multi layer, Biomedical engineering
Published: 2020
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42. CML-089: Retrospective Independent Review of Arterial Occlusive Events (AOEs) in the Ponatinib Phase 2 PACE Trial (NCT01207440) in Patients with Philadelphia Chromosome Positive (Ph+) Leukemia

Author: Scott E. Kasner, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Franck E. Nicolini, Jorge E. Cortes, Andreas Hochhaus, Mark C. Petrie, Dong-Wook Kim, Shouryadeep Srivastava, Kevin Croce, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Michael W. Deininger, Daniel Naranjo, Joseph M. Garasic, James L. Januzzi, Vickie McDonald, Jing Xu, Michael J. Mauro, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Ellin Berman, and Jonathan H. Seltzer
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, MedDRA, Incidence (epidemiology), Ponatinib, Hematology, Disease, medicine.disease, chemistry.chemical_compound, Oncology, chemistry, Diabetes mellitus, Concomitant, Internal medicine, Etiology, Medicine, business, Adverse effect
Abstract: Objectives In the PACE trial 5-year analysis evaluating use of ponatinib in patients with refractory chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a 25% incidence of AOEs was identified (Cortes, Blood 2018) using Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) preferred terms (PTs). We performed a retrospective review using a charter-based independent Adjudication Committee (AC) to better understand clinically relevant AOE rates in PACE. Methods The AC (3 cardiologists, 1 hematologist, and 1 neurologist) evaluated AOEs (identified using >500 terms) in PACE using established definitions developed by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Standardized Data Collection for Cardiovascular Trials Initiative (SCTI). The AC also reviewed patient profiles including event, severity, concomitant medication, and hospitalization data. These adjudicated results were compared with pre-adjudication MedDRA PT search results. The AC was blind to dose, dose modification, and investigator causality opinion. Events not associated with a cardiovascular etiology or that failed to meet the ACC/AHA, FDA, and SCTI definitions were determined by the AC not to be AOEs. Results This review included all 449 heavily pretreated patients with Ph+ leukemia enrolled in PACE (median age, 59 y; 47% female; 93% ≥2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors). At a median follow-up of 37.3 months, adjudicated AOEs occurred in 17.4% of the overall patient population compared with 24.7% pre-adjudication. The majority of the pre-adjudication serious AOEs were adjudicated as serious AOEs (20% pre-adjudication vs 16% adjudicated). The most common adjudicated AOE (>2%) was peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Exposure-adjusted incidence of newly occurring adjudicated AOEs decreased over time. Analyses by baseline risk factors demonstrated that patients with the following baseline risk factors had higher incidence rates of adjudicated AOEs than those without ischemic cardiac disease, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. Conclusions Independent AC review of the PACE trial identified a lower rate of clinically relevant AOEs than previously reported, suggesting an earlier possible overestimation that may not accurately reflect the risk of AOEs with ponatinib. The ongoing ponatinib dose-ranging OPTIC study will further evaluate dose-dependent AOE incidence rates.
Published: 2020
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43. P4143IL-6 production in the vascular adventitia and adventitia-media-crosstalk in neointima formation

Author: F. Kloss, L Korte, J M Daniel, Jochen Dutzmann, Felix Vogt, T J Herbst, Nikolaus Marx, K Knoepp, Kevin Croce, Johann Bauersachs, Daniel Sedding, B Huibregtse, and Stefan Offermanns
Subjects: Transplantation, Neointima, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Crosstalk (biology), medicine.anatomical_structure, Animal model, business.industry, Adventitia, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: Background The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the adventitial layer on vascular remodeling processes and to define the underlying cellular mechanisms. Methods and results Morphometric analysis of human coronary arteries and of murine femoral arteries at several times following vascular intervention revealed a significant correlation of neointimal and adventitial thickening (R2=0.6845, P To investigate a potential paracrine effect of the activated adventitial layer, we explanted adventitial transplants 14 days following injury and transplantation and incubated the respective samples in serum-free media for 24 hours. BrdU incorporation assays and scratch wound assays revealed significantly increased proliferation and migration rates of human coronary artery SMCs in response to the supernatant of adventitial transplants compared to the supernatant of control samples. Further secretome analyses of the same adventitial supernatants identified predominantly interleukin (IL)-6 to trigger SMC proliferation and migration. Accordingly, serum-free media incubated with adventitial grafts of IL-6−/− mice prevented SMC proliferation and migration. Transplantation of the adventitia of IL-6−/− mice into C57BL/6J wild type mice was not sufficient to trigger neointima formation. Plain old balloon angioplasty, bare metal stent implantation, or drug-eluting stent implantation in swine coronary arteries and analysis for Ki-67+ cell counts supported the hypothesis in the large animal model and a more clinical setting. Conclusion Acute vascular injury is followed by an expansion of cytokine-producing adventitial cells, whose paracrine function and especially whose release of IL-6 is essential for the subsequent induction of the proliferation and migration of local SMC and thus for neointima formation.
Published: 2019
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44. Guiding Principles for Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. A Global Expert Consensus Document

Author: Etsuo Tsuchikane, Christopher E. Buller, Pravin K. Goel, A. V.Ganesh Kumar, Elliot J. Smith, Ricardo Santiago, William Lombardi, Risto Jussila, Leszek Bryniarski, Mauro Carlino, Muhammad Munawar, Thierry Lefèvre, Jonathan Hill, David E. Kandzari, Gregg W. Stone, Dimitri Karmpaliotis, Arun Kalyanasundaram, Ran Kornowski, Yangsoo Jang, Nicolas Boudou, Yue Li, Khaldoon Alaswad, Masahisa Yamane, Mohaned Egred, William J. Nicholson, Jason R Wollmuth, Colm G. Hanratty, Margaret McEntegart, Khalid Tammam, Scott A. Harding, James C. Spratt, Qi Zhang, Peep Laanmets, Hsien Li Kao, Tony De Martini, Julian Strange, Evald Høj Christiansen, Heinz Joachim Büttner, Simon J Walsh, Lorenzo Azzalini, Sidney Lo, Robert W. Yeh, Javier Escaned, Hussien Heshmat Kassem, Stefan Harb, Marouane Boukhris, José A. Navarro Lecaro, Alexandre Avran, Pablo Lamelas, Hung M. Ngo, Ahmed ElGuindy, Baktash Bayani, Antonio Colombo, Omer Goktekin, Gerald S. Werner, Nidal Abi Rafeh, José P.S. Henriques, Joseph Dens, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Soo Teik Lim, Carlo Di Mario, Franklin Hanna Quesada, Roberto Garbo, Minh Vo, Bo Xu, Mario Araya, Kefei Dou, George Sianos, Ravinay Bhindi, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, J. Aaron Grantham, Göran K. Olivecrona, Pedro Cardoso, Marin Postu, Oleg Krestyaninov, Avtandil M. Babunashvili, Meruzhan Saghatelyan, Vu Hoang Vu, Nicolaus Reifart, Imre Ungi, R. Michael Wyman, M. Nicholas Burke, Luiz F. Ybarra, Vithala Surya Prakasa Rao, Farouc A. Jaffer, Alexander Bufe, Junbo Ge, Kambis Mashayekhi, Artis Kalnins, Andrea Gagnor, Alfredo R. Galassi, Nenad Božinović, Félix Damas de los Santos, Seung-Whan Lee, Lucio Padilla, Stéphane Rinfret, Paul Knaapen, Kevin Croce, Sergey Furkalo, Eugene B. Wu, Luca Grancini, Brilakis E.S., Mashayekhi K., Tsuchikane E., Abi Rafeh N., Alaswad K., Araya M., Avran A., Azzalini L., Babunashvili A.M., Bayani B., Bhindi R., Boudou N., Boukhris M., Bozinovic N.Z., Bryniarski L., Bufe A., Buller C.E., Burke M.N., Buttner H.J., Cardoso P., Carlino M., Christiansen E.H., Colombo A., Croce K., Damas De Los Santos F., De Martini T., Dens J., DI Mario C., Dou K., Egred M., Elguindy A.M., Escaned J., Furkalo S., Gagnor A., Galassi A.R., Garbo R., Ge J., Goel P.K., Goktekin O., Grancini L., Grantham J.A., Hanratty C., Harb S., Harding S.A., Henriques J.P.S., Hill J.M., Jaffer F.A., Jang Y., Jussila R., Kalnins A., Kalyanasundaram A., Kandzari D.E., Kao H.-L., Karmpaliotis D., Kassem H.H., Knaapen P., Kornowski R., Krestyaninov O., Kumar A.V.G., Laanmets P., Lamelas P., Lee S.-W., Lefevre T., Li Y., Lim S.-T., Lo S., Lombardi W., McEntegart M., Munawar M., Navarro Lecaro J.A., Ngo H.M., Nicholson W., Olivecrona G.K., Padilla L., Postu M., Quadros A., Quesada F.H., Prakasa Rao V.S., Reifart N., Saghatelyan M., Santiago R., Sianos G., Smith E., Spratt J.C., Stone G.W., Strange J.W., Tammam K., Ungi I., Vo M., Vu V.H., Walsh S., Werner G.S., Wollmuth J.R., Wu E.B., Wyman R.M., Xu B., Yamane M., Ybarra L.F., Yeh R.W., Zhang Q., Rinfret S., and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Guiding Principles, SCORING SYSTEM, medicine.medical_treatment, Perforation (oil well), percutaneous coronary, Revascularization, MULTICENTER CTO REGISTRY, CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATOR RECIPIENTS, methods, LONG-TERM OUTCOMES, PROCEDURAL OUTCOMES, Physiology (medical), treatment outcome, INTRAVASCULAR ULTRASOUND, medicine, COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY, Intensive care medicine, intervention, HEALTH-STATUS, treatment, VENTRICULAR-ARRHYTHMIAS, business.industry, percutaneous coronary intervention, Stent, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Reentry, RETROGRADE APPROACH, coronary occlusion, Coronary occlusion, Conventional PCI, outcome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract: © American Heart Association, Inc., Outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have improved because of advancements in equipment and techniques. With global collaboration and knowledge sharing, we have identified 7 common principles that are widely accepted as best practices for CTO-PCI. 1. Ischemic symptom improvement is the primary indication for CTO-PCI. 2. Dual coronary angiography and in-depth and structured review of the angiogram (and, if available, coronary computed tomography angiography) are key for planning and safely performing CTO-PCI. 3. Use of a microcatheter is essential for optimal guidewire manipulation and exchanges. 4. Antegrade wiring, antegrade dissection and reentry, and the retrograde approach are all complementary and necessary crossing strategies. Antegrade wiring is the most common initial technique, whereas retrograde and antegrade dissection and reentry are often required for more complex CTOs. 5. If the initially selected crossing strategy fails, efficient change to an alternative crossing technique increases the likelihood of eventual PCI success, shortens procedure time, and lowers radiation and contrast use. 6. Specific CTO-PCI expertise and volume and the availability of specialized equipment will increase the likelihood of crossing success and facilitate prevention and management of complications, such as perforation. 7. Meticulous attention to lesion preparation and stenting technique, often requiring intracoronary imaging, is required to ensure optimum stent expansion and minimize the risk of short- and long-term adverse events. These principles have been widely adopted by experienced CTO-PCI operators and centers currently achieving high success and acceptable complication rates. Outcomes are less optimal at less experienced centers, highlighting the need for broader adoption of the aforementioned 7 guiding principles along with the development of additional simple and safe CTO crossing and revascularization strategies through ongoing research, education, and training.
Published: 2019
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45. LOCATION OF POTENTIAL PLAQUE DESTABILIZING FEATURES IN HIGH-RISK PLAQUES WITH ABNORMAL RFR: SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY AMONG ENDOTHELIAL SHEAR STRESS (ESS) AND SHEAR STRESS GRADIENTS (ESSG)

Author: Nicholas V. Cefalo, Michelle A. Cormier, Lampros K. Michalis, Barbora Zvarova, Deborah Rupert, Gerasimos Siasos, Zongyue Pu, Diaa Hakim, Peter Stone, Ahmet U. Coskun, Kostas A. Stefanou, Michail I. Papafaklis, Dimitris Fotiadis, Kevin Croce, and Charles Maynard
Subjects: business.industry, Shear stress, Biophysics, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Spatial heterogeneity
Published: 2021
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46. SHP-1 activation inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal hyperplasia in a rodent model of insulin resistance and diabetes

Author: Weier Qi, Kevin Croce, Yu Xia, Xuanchun Wang, George L. King, Samuel M. Lockhart, Christian Rask-Madsen, Lars Melholt Rasmussen, Qian Li, Mogher Khamaisi, and Chong Wee Liew
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, Intimal hyperplasia, Vascular smooth muscle, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Blotting, Western, Myocytes, Smooth Muscle, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Mice, Transgenic, Protein tyrosine phosphatase, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular, Article, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Restenosis, Cell Movement, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Journal Article, Internal Medicine, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Cell Proliferation, Hyperplasia, business.industry, Cell growth, Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6, Cell Cycle, hemic and immune systems, medicine.disease, Rats, Rats, Zucker, 3. Good health, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, embryonic structures, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity, Insulin Resistance, Tunica Intima, business, Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
Abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Accelerated migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) enhances arterial restenosis after angioplasty in insulin resistance and diabetes. Elevation of Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) induces apoptosis in the microvasculature. However, the role of SHP-1 in intimal hyperplasia and restenosis has not been clarified in insulin resistance and diabetes.METHODS: We used a femoral artery wire injury mouse model, rodent models with insulin resistance and diabetes, and patients with type 2 diabetes. Further, we modulated SHP-1 expression using a transgenic mouse that overexpresses SHP-1 in VSMCs (Shp-1-Tg). SHP-1 agonists were also employed to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of SHP-1 by oxidised lipids.RESULTS: Mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited increased femoral artery intimal hyperplasia and decreased arterial SHP-1 expression compared with mice fed a regular diet. Arterial SHP-1 expression was also decreased in Zucker fatty rats, Zucker diabetic fatty rats and in patients with type 2 diabetes. In primary cultured VSMCs, oxidised LDL suppressed SHP-1 expression by activating Mek-1 (also known as Map2k1) and increased DNA methylation of the Shp-1 promoter. VSMCs from Shp-1-Tg mice exhibited impaired platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation with a concomitant decrease in PDGF-stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration. Similarly, HFD-fed Shp-1-Tg mice and mice treated with the SHP-1 inducer, Icariside II, were protected from the development of intimal hyperplasia following wire injury.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Suppression of SHP-1 by oxidised lipids may contribute to the excessive VSMC proliferation, inflammatory cytokine production and intimal hyperplasia observed in arteries from diabetes and insulin resistance. Augmenting SHP-1 levels is a potential therapeutic strategy to maintain stent patency in patients with insulin resistance and diabetes.
Published: 2016
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47. TCT CONNECT-407 Optical Coherence Tomography Influences Procedure and Vessel Preparation Decisions During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the LightLab Initiative

Author: Jason R Wollmuth, Jana Buccola, John J. Lopez, Hiram G. Bezerra, Brian A. Bergmark, Nick E.J. West, Richard Rapoza, and Kevin Croce
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Optical coherence tomography, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Radiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published: 2020
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48. An independent review of arterial occlusive events (AOEs) in the ponatinib (PON) phase II PACE trial (NCT01207440) in patients (pts) with Ph+ leukemia

Author: Franck E. Nicolini, Mark C. Petrie, Jonathan H. Seltzer, Joseph M. Garasic, Jing Xu, Ellin Berman, Kevin Croce, Michael J. Mauro, Michael W. Deininger, Daniel Naranjo, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Dong-Wook Kim, Shouryadeep Srivastava, Daniel J. DeAngelo, Scott E. Kasner, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Jorge E. Cortes, Andreas Hochhaus, James L. Januzzi, and Vickie McDonald
Subjects: Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Ponatinib, medicine.disease, Leukemia, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Refractory Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, business
Abstract: 7550 Background: The final 5-year analysis of the PACE trial, which evaluated use of PON in pts with refractory chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia, identified a 25% incidence of AOEs (Cortes, Blood 2018) from a search utilizing > 400 preferred terms (PTs) defined by MedDRA and related to vascular ischemia or thrombosis. We performed a retrospective review using an independent Endpoint Adjudication Committee (EAC) to better understand clinically relevant AOE rates in PACE. Methods: The EAC consisted of 3 cardiologists, 1 hematologist, and 1 neurologist to review AOEs (identified using > 500 terms) in PACE using American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) definitions for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), and to review pt profiles including event, severity, concomitant medication, and hospitalization data. These results were compared with MedDRA PT search results. The EAC was blind to dose, dose modification, and investigator causality opinion. Results: The PACE review included 449 heavily pretreated pts with Ph+ leukemia (median age, 59 y; 47% female; 93% ≥2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors). With median follow-up 37.3 mo in all pts, AOEs were identified by MedDRA PT search in 25% of pts and EAC-verified in 17% (Table). In each category listed in the table, the EAC verification identified fewer AOEs and serious AOEs. Serious AOEs were identified by MedDRA PT search in 20% of pts and EAC-verified in 16%. Events that were not associated with a cardiovascular etiology or failed to meet the MACE definition set forth by the ACC/AHA were determined by the EAC not to be an AOE. Conclusions: The independent EAC review showed a lower rate of clinically relevant AOEs than was reported in PACE, suggesting an earlier possible overestimation that may not accurately reflect the risk of AOEs with PON. The ongoing PON dose-ranging OPTIC study will further evaluate the PON risk:benefit profile. Clinical trial information: NCT01207440 . [Table: see text]
Published: 2020
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49. THE ROLE OF LOCAL ENDOTHELIAL SHEAR STRESS (ESS) IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN CARDIAC TRANSPLANT PATIENTS: POSSIBLE MAGNIFICATION OF ESS PATHOBIOLOGIC EFFECT RELATED TO IMMUNOLOGIC FACTORS OF REJECTION

Author: Sudhir S. Kushwaha, Nicholas V. Cefalo, Michelle A. Cormier, Marina Zaromytidou, Ahmet U. Coskun, Peter Stone, Jaskanwal D. Sara, Zhongyue Pu, Gerasimos Siasos, Shigeo Gogo, Toya Takumi, Kevin Croce, Amir Lerman, Charles Maynard, and Anubodh S. Varshney
Subjects: Coronary artery disease, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunologic Factors, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, bacteria, Magnification, Transplant patient, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Abstract: Transplant (tplant) coronary artery disease (TCAD) is an immunologic phenomenon and a major cause of morbidity/mortality after heart tplant. Low ESS drives plaque behavior in native CAD, but its role in TCAD, with its prominent immunologic environment, has not been studied. We studied 21 pts (av
Published: 2020
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50. P3793Adventitial interleukin-6 release is critical for neointima formation

Author: Kevin Croce, J M Daniel, Stefan Offermanns, Mirja Sirisko, Daniel Sedding, J M Bauersachs, F. Kloss, L Korte, and Jochen Dutzmann
Subjects: Neointima, biology, business.industry, biology.protein, Cancer research, Medicine, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Interleukin 6
Published: 2018
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