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In less than 10% of cases, males may have isolated epispadias, which is caused by failure in the urethral tubularization process, leading to dorsal urethral defect. This case report presents a unique instance where epispadias was associated with ambiguous genitalia. A 5-year-old boy diagnosed with epispadias. The penis resembled external female genitalia, with scrotal skin covering it. He underwent a two-stage operation without complications. The aim of the surgical techniques is to correct these anomalies and restore urinary continence and sexual function. Long-term outcomes of the surgery can vary, which highlights the need for further research.

Background: Bladder cancer is classified according to traditional American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging. In the absence of nodal (N stage) or distant metastases (M stage), the depth of tumor invasion (T stage) is the most important determination to be made: whether the tumor is invading into or beyond the lamina propria (muscle-invasive bladder cancer) or not (non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer). This study investigated the association between the cutoff value of tumor depth and width and survival rate in non-muscle-invasive (pT1) bladder cancer. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort design of randomly selected, single-centered study. The subjects were patients with pT1 urothelial carcinoma who were diagnosed on transurethral resection of bladder specimens at a tertiary hospital in West Java, Indonesia. The research sample was taken by consecutive sampling from 2015 to 2019. Results: Sixty-four patients from were included in this study. A tumor depth >2 mm resulted in a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–3.94; p2.4 mm also increased HR significantly (3.27; 95% CI, 1.69–5.87; p

Purpose: Around 75% of all bladder cancers are classified into nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The NMIBC's high recurrence and progressivity rate are most commonly found in tumors invading the lamina propria (LP), classified as staged pT1 when it extended to the LP with a heterogeneous recurrence and progression. This study aimed to correlate the measurement of tumor depth and width to lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in NMIBC. Materials and Methods: A 5-year retrospective analytical study (2015–2019) was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Indonesia. We reassessed and analyzed the tumor depth and width of 64 patients with pT1 bladder cancer based on histopathological reports and analyzed the correlation of tumors and LVI. The depth was reassessed by measuring the transitional urothelium with the LP as an initial marking point, up to the tumor's edge in the LP, and tumor's width by measuring the largest width of one tumor focus in the LP, along with the presence of LVI by histopathological exams. Data were analyzed using the Mann − Whitney test. Results: The participants were 64 patients with pT1 bladder cancer. The mean tumor pT1 invasion depth was 2.03 ± 0.918 mm. The non-LVI group's mean tumor invasion depth was 1.72 ± 0.721 mm, whereas the LVI group was 2.21 ± 0.980 mm. The tumor invasion depth was a significant factor for LVI, whereas the tumor maximum diameter was not. Conclusion: The tumor invasion's depth was significantly associated with the LVI. The pT1 tumor invasion depth measurement might serve as a predictive variable of tumor recurrence and progressivity.