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4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole (MVT) is a significant volatile of caladium (Caladium bicolor) which produces a very high level of thiamin thiazole synthase (THI4) in male flowers. We explored transcriptomes upregulating MVT using RNA-seq during the six developmental stages of the male flower (Day−10 to Day0) in C. bicolor ‘Tapestry’. THI4 was the highest transcript throughout the male flower development. Additionally, the genes showing the high expression associated with floral volatiles of caladium on Day0 were trans-resveratrol di-O-methyltransferase (ROMT), chalcone synthase (CHS), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2 (KAT2), and linalool synthase (TPS). These four genes correspond to the following elevated volatiles of caladium: 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, MVT, indole, methyl salicylate, and linalool on Day0 compared to Day−10. The upstream THI4 gene was cloned to drive a fluorescent gene (ZsGreen1) in transient and stable transgenic petunia and tobacco plants, showing the gene expression only in the male tissue. The tissue-specific expression of the caladium THI4 promoter could benefit crop production with minimal modification of plants. Investigating transcriptomes associated with caladium fragrance can help provide insight into understanding the regulatory mechanisms of floral volatiles of caladium.

CeXO2 (X: Fe, Mn) nanoparticles, synthesized using the coprecipitation route, were investigated for their structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrochemical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), dc magnetization, and cyclic voltammetry methods. The single-phase formation of CeO2 nanoparticles with FCC fluorite structure was confirmed by the Rietveld refinement, indicating the successful incorporation of Fe and Mn in the CeO2 matrix with the reduced dimensions and band gap values. The Raman analysis supported the lowest band gap of Fe-doped CeO2 on account of oxygen non-stoichiometry. The samples exhibited weak room temperature ferromagnetism, which was found to be enhanced in the Fe doped CeO2. The NEXAFS analysis supported the results by revealing the oxidation state of Fe to be Fe2+/Fe3+ in Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles. Further, the room temperature electrochemical performance of CeXO2 (X: Fe, Mn) nanoparticles was measured with a scan rate of 10 mV s−1 using 1 M KCL electrolyte, which showed that the Ce0.95Fe0.05O2 electrode revealed excellent performance with a specific capacitance of 945 Fּ·g−1 for the application in energy storage devices.

4-methyl-5-vinylthiazole (MVT) is a significant volatile of caladium (Caladium bicolor) which produces a very high level of thiamin thiazole synthase (THI4) in male flowers. We explored transcriptomes upregulating MVT using RNA-seq during the six developmental stages of the male flower (Day−10 to Day0) in C. bicolor 'Tapestry'. THI4 was the highest transcript throughout the male flower development. Additionally, the genes showing the high expression associated with floral volatiles of caladium on Day0 were trans-resveratrol di-O-methyltransferase (ROMT), chalcone synthase (CHS), 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase 2 (KAT2), and linalool synthase (TPS). These four genes correspond to the following elevated volatiles of caladium: 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene, MVT, indole, methyl salicylate, and linalool on Day0 compared to Day−10. The upstream THI4 gene was cloned to drive a fluorescent gene (ZsGreen1) in transient and stable transgenic petunia and tobacco plants, showing the gene expression only in the male tissue. The tissue-specific expression of the caladium THI4 promoter could benefit crop production with minimal modification of plants. Investigating transcriptomes associated with caladium fragrance can help provide insight into understanding the regulatory mechanisms of floral volatiles of caladium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (Bandavirus dabieense) virus poses a substantial public health threat because of its high mortality rates and severe complications. The virus is prevalent in Asia, although data from Thailand are scarce. Our study confirmed the virus in 1.6% of acute febrile illness patients and specific antibodies in 3% of archived samples since 2015 in Thailand. Nationwide zoonotic surveillance identified the virus in 8 rodent species and 4 chigger genera. Our findings underscore the importance of raising awareness among healthcare providers and the general public about the symptoms, risks, and prevention strategies associated with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection. Ongoing surveillance of the virus in human and animal populations is essential for monitoring its prevalence, distribution, and potential for emergence.

Objectives: The objective is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of ArtiSential for performing minimally invasive surgeries for gynecological cancers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study at 10 Tertiary Institutional Hospitals in Korea between November 2021 and April 2022. Eligible patients were 18 years or older and planned to undergo minimally invasive surgery for gynecologic cancer. We collected baseline characteristics, surgical information, and postoperative outcomes. The primary endpoint was to compare the operation time required for gynecologic cancer surgery using ArtiSential with the reported operation time for surgery using conventional laparoscopic instruments or robots. The secondary endpoints were to evaluate the surgical outcomes of gynecologic cancer surgery using ArtiSential compared to conventional laparoscopic instruments or robots and collect operator feedback on equipment improvements during surgery. Results: Forty patients were enrolled in this study, including 19 with endometrial cancer, 15 with cervical cancer, and 6 with ovarian cancer. The average operation time was 187.0 ± 49.2 min, with no complications encountered during surgery. Pelvic lymph nodes were assessed in 34 patients, with the ArtiSential device utilized in 22 (64.7%) of these patients, at an average assessment time of 40.3 ± 19.4 min. Most surgeons using the ArtiSential device reported that it performed slightly better than conventional laparoscopic instruments. Conclusion: The use of the ArtiSential device in minimally invasive surgery has been demonstrated to be both feasible and safe for the treatment of early-stage gynecologic cancer.

CeXO2 (X: Fe, Mn) nanoparticles, synthesized using the coprecipitation route, were investigated for their structural, morphological, magnetic, and electrochemical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM), dc magnetization, and cyclic voltammetry methods. The single-phase formation of CeO2 nanoparticles with FCC fluorite structure was confirmed by the Rietveld refinement, indicating the successful incorporation of Fe and Mn in the CeO2 matrix with the reduced dimensions and band gap values. The Raman analysis supported the lowest band gap of Fe-doped CeO2 on account of oxygen non-stoichiometry. The samples exhibited weak room temperature ferromagnetism, which was found to be enhanced in the Fe doped CeO2. The NEXAFS analysis supported the results by revealing the oxidation state of Fe to be Fe2+/Fe3+ in Fe-doped CeO2 nanoparticles. Further, the room temperature electrochemical performance of CeXO2 (X: Fe, Mn) nanoparticles was measured with a scan rate of 10 mV s−1 using 1 M KCL electrolyte, which showed that the Ce0.95Fe0.05O2 electrode revealed excellent performance with a specific capacitance of 945 Fּ·g−1 for the application in energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Metastases originate from primary tumors and reach distant organs. Growing evidence suggests that metastases are under the control of primary tumors even outside the primary site; however, the mechanisms by which primary tumors remotely control metastases remain unclear. Here, we discovered a molecular mechanism by which primary tumors suppress metastatic growth. Interestingly, we found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the primary tumor can inhibit the growth of metastases both in vitro and in vivo. miR-1 was particularly enriched in primary tumor-derived EVs (pTDEs) and was found to be responsible for the suppression of metastatic growth. Mechanistically, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and DNA damage were induced, which led to cell cycle arrest. Collectively, our data demonstrate that primary tumors restrict the growth of distant metastases via miR-1 in pTDEs and that miR-1 could potentially be used as an antimetastatic agent.

Abstract The amorphous In─Ga─Zn─O (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) have attracted attention as a cell transistor for the next generation DRAM architecture because of its low leakage current, high mobility, and the back‐end‐of‐line (BEOL) compatibility that enables monolithic 3D (M3D) integration. IGZO‐based electronic devices used in harsh environments such as radiation exposure can be vulnerable, resulting in functional failure. Here, the behavior of subgap density‐of‐states (DOS) over full subgap range according to the impactful gamma‐ray irradiation in a‐IGZO TFTs is investigated by employing DC current–voltage (I−V) data with multiple‐wavelength light sources. To understand the origins of the radiation effect, IGZO films have been also analyzed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Considering in‐depth electrical and chemical analysis, the unexpected increase of subthreshold leakage current caused by total ionizing dose (TID) is strongly correlated with newly discovered deep‐donor states (gDDγ(E)) at the specific energy level. In particular, oxygen vacancies caused by the gamma‐ray irradiation give rise to undesirable electrical characteristics such as hysteresis effect and negative shift of threshold voltage (VT). Furthermore, the TCAD simulation results based on DOS model parameters are found to exhibit good agreement with experimental data and plausible explanation including (gDDγ(E)).

Abstract Background In the myeloid compartment of the tumor microenvironment, CD244 signaling has been implicated in immunosuppressive phenotype of monocytes. However, the precise molecular mechanism and contribution of CD244 to tumor immunity in monocytes/macrophages remains elusive due to the co-existing lymphoid cells expressing CD244. Methods To directly assess the role of CD244 in tumor-associated macrophages, monocyte-lineage-specific CD244-deficient mice were generated using cre-lox recombination and challenged with B16F10 melanoma. The phenotype and function of tumor-infiltrating macrophages along with antigen-specific CD8 T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and single cell RNA sequencing data analysis, and the molecular mechanism underlying anti-tumorigenic macrophage differentiation, antigen presentation, phagocytosis was investigated ex vivo. Finally, the clinical feasibility of CD244-negative monocytes as a therapeutic modality in melanoma was confirmed by adoptive transfer experiments. Results CD244fl/flLysMcre mice demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor volume (61% relative to that of the CD244fl/fl control group) 14 days after tumor implantation. Within tumor mass, CD244fl/flLysMcre mice also showed higher percentages of Ly6Clow macrophages, along with elevated gp100+IFN-γ+ CD8 T cells. Flow cytometry and RNA sequencing data demonstrated that ER stress resulted in increased CD244 expression on monocytes. This, in turn, impeded the generation of anti-tumorigenic Ly6Clow macrophages, phagocytosis and MHC-I antigen presentation by suppressing autophagy pathways. Combining anti-PD-L1 antibody with CD244−/− bone marrow-derived macrophages markedly improved tumor rejection compared to the anti-PD-L1 antibody alone or in combination with wild-type macrophages. Consistent with the murine data, transcriptome analysis of human melanoma tissue single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset revealed close association between CD244 and the inhibition of macrophage maturation and function. Furthermore, the presence of CD244-negative monocytes/macrophages significantly increased patient survival in primary and metastatic tumors. Conclusion Our study highlights the novel role of CD244 on monocytes/macrophages in restraining anti-tumorigenic macrophage generation and tumor antigen-specific T cell response in melanoma. Importantly, our findings suggest that CD244-deficient macrophages could potentially be used as a therapeutic agent in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Furthermore, CD244 expression in monocyte-lineage cells serve as a prognostic marker in cancer patients.

Abstract Deformable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) can serve as the main power sources for flexible and wearable electronics owing to their high energy capacity, reliability, and durability. The pivotal role of cathodes in LIB performance necessitates the development of mechanically free‐standing and stretchable cathodes. This study demonstrates a promising strategy to generate deformable cathodes with electrical conductivity by forming 3D interconnected elastomeric networks. Beginning with a physically crosslinked polymer network using poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) and 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMI][TFSI]), subsequent exchange with a 1 M LiPF6 electrolyte imparts elastic characteristics to the cathodes. The resulting LiFePO4 composite electrodes maintained their resistance under 500 consecutive bending cycles at an extremely small bending radius of 1.8 mm and showed high discharge capacity of 158 mAh g−1 with stable potential plateaus in charging and discharging curves. Moreover, flexible cells utilizing the composite electrodes exhibited superior operational stability under rolling, bending, and folding deformations.

Objective To investigate the incidence, trends, and survival rates of all gynecologic cancers using the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) database from 1999–2019. Methods Gynecologic cancer data were obtained from the KCCR database between 1999 and 2019. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs), annual percentage changes, and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) were calculated. The relative survival rate (RSR) was reported by age group, stage, and 6-year period (I: 1999–2005, II: 2006–2012, III: 2013–2019). Results The gynecologic cancer ASRs were 26.2 and 24.9 per 100,000 individuals in 1999 and 2019, respectively. Trends of incidence in gynecologic cancer revealed a decrease in cervical cancer and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) with AAPCs of −3.4 and −4.3, respectively. Conversely, the incidence of uterine, ovarian, and vulvar cancers increased with AAPCs of 4.7, 2.3, and 2.1, respectively. AAPC for vaginal cancer showed no change. The 5-year survival rate was highest for GTN (90.5%) and lowest for vaginal cancer (56.6%). An increase in age was correlated with poorer survival rates across all gynecologic cancers, excluding vaginal cancer. For all gynecologic cancer types, the prognosis deteriorates with advancing cancer stages. The RSR of uterine cancer improved consistently across all periods. The ovarian cancer RSR improved more in period III than in periods I or II. Additionally, the vulvar cancer RSR improved more in periods II and III than in period I. Conclusion In Korea, the incidence of cervical cancer and GTN decreased, whereas the incidence of uterine, ovarian, and vulvar cancer increased from 1999 to 2019. The RSR for uterine, ovarian, and vulvar cancers showed consistent improvements over different periods. Effective screening programs and the adoption of advanced treatments may be necessary to further reduce the burden of gynecologic cancer.

Background/Aims: The purpose of the current study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of CKD-506, a novel histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor, on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4+ T cells and to explore the relationship between CKD-506 and gut epithelial barrier function. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human PBMCs from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients were treated with CKD-506, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The proliferation of CD4+ T cells from IBD patients was evaluated using flow cytometric analysis. The effects of CKD-506 on gut barrier function in a cell line and colon organoids, based on examinations of mRNA production, goblet cell differentiation, and E-cadherin recovery, were investigated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and a fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran permeability assay. Results: Secretion of TNF-α, a pivotal pro-inflammatory mediator in IBD, by lipopolysaccharide-triggered PBMCs was markedly decreased by CKD-506 treatment in a dose-dependent manner and to a greater extent than by tofacitinib or tubastatin A treatment. E-cadherin mRNA expression and goblet cell differentiation increased significantly and dose-dependently in HT-29 cells in response to CKD-506, and inhibition of E-cadherin loss after TNF-α stimulation was significantly reduced both in HT-29 cells and gut organoids. Caco-2 cells treated with CKD-506 showed a significant reduction in barrier permeability in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that CKD-506 has anti-inflammatory effects on PBMCs and CD4 T cells and improves gut barrier function, suggesting its potential as a small-molecule therapeutic option for IBD.

Video action recognition based on skeleton nodes is a highlighted issue in the computer vision field. In real application scenarios, the large number of skeleton nodes and behavior occlusion problems between individuals seriously affect recognition speed and accuracy. Therefore, we proposed a lightweight multi-stream feature cross-fusion (L-MSFCF) model to recognize abnormal behaviors such as fighting, vicious kicking, climbing over the wall, et al., which could obviously improve recognition speed based on lightweight skeleton node calculation, and improve recognition accuracy based on occluded skeleton node prediction analysis in order to effectively solve the behavior occlusion problem. The experiments show that our proposed All-MSFCF model has a video action recognition average accuracy rate of 92.7% for eight kinds of abnormal behavior recognition. Although our proposed lightweight L-MSFCF model has an 87.3% average accuracy rate, its average recognition speed is 62.7% higher than the full-skeleton recognition model, which is more suitable for solving real-time tracing problems. Moreover, our proposed Trajectory Prediction Tracking (TPT) model could real-time predict the moving positions based on the dynamically selected core skeleton node calculation, especially for the short-term prediction within 15 frames and 30 frames that have lower average loss errors.

Abstract This study explores influence of charge transfer and X-ray absorption characteristics in aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures for perovskite solar cell electrodes. Sol-gel technique was employed to synthesize the nanostructures, and their optical and morphological properties were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed high crystallinity and also single-phase composition of all the samples, particularly up to 5% Al co-doping. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) exhibited the formation of pseudo-hexagonal wurtzite nanostructure and the transition to nanorods at 5% Al co-doping. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy indicated a reduction in the optical band gap of co-doped zinc oxide from 3.11 to 2.9 eV with increasing Al doping. Photoluminescence spectra (PL) exhibited a decrease in peak intensity, suggesting enhanced conductivity in ZnO, also confirmed from I-V measurements. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) analysis depicts that charge transfer from Al to oxygen (O) species enhanced the photosensing properties of the nanostructure, which was supported by FESEM micrographs and PL spectra. Furthermore, the study discovered that 5% Al co-doping significantly reduced the density of emission defects (deep-level) in Cu–ZnO nanostructure. These findings highlight the potential of Cu and Al co-doped ZnO materials for perovskite solar cell electrodes, as their improved optical and morphological properties resulting from charge transfer could enhance device performance. The investigation of charge transfer and X-ray absorption characteristics provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms and behaviors of the co-doped ZnO nanostructures. However, further research is required to delve into the intricate hybridization resulting from charge transfer and explore the broader impact of co-doping on other properties of the nanostructures, enabling a comprehensive understanding of their potential applications in perovskite solar cells.

This study was carried out to determine the effect of autophagy modulation in radiation treatment of cervical cancer cells. HeLa and CaSki cells were irradiated with γ-rays (2 Gy/min) after treatment with an autophagy inducer (rapamycin) and inhibitor (3-MA). Expression of LC3 and cell death in two cell preparations were examined. In addition, expression of Caspase-3 and PARP were examined after radiation alone and with autophagy inhibitor treatment. A notable increment of LC3 expression was detected after radiation in both cell lines. Cell viability was observed to decrease in 3-MA-treated cells compared to radiation alone, and even further in rapamycin-treated cells. Apoptosis was confirmed to occur later than autophagy in radiation treatment, and inhibition of autophagy derived a decrease in apoptosis. In conclusion, radiation-induced autophagy may be regulated by modulators, and autophagy augmentation yields an increase in cervical cancer cell death under radiation.Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Autophagy is known to contribute both to tumour cell survival and death against radiation therapy. The effect of induction or inhibition of radiation-induced autophagy on cervical cancer cell death is not clear. What the results of this study add? Cell viability was observed to decrease in 3-MA-treated cells compared to radiation alone, and even further in rapamycin-treated cells. Apoptosis occurred later than autophagy in radiation treatment, and inhibition of autophagy derived a decrease in apoptosis. What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Our results suggest that radiation-induced autophagy may be regulated by modulators, and autophagy augmentation yields an increase in cervical cancer cell death under radiation.