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1. Roadmap on Photovoltaic Absorber Materials for Sustainable Energy Conversion

Author

Blakesley, James C., Bonilla, Ruy S., Freitag, Marina, Ganose, Alex M., Gasparini, Nicola, Kaienburg, Pascal, Koutsourakis, George, Major, Jonathan D., Nelson, Jenny, Noel, Nakita K., Roose, Bart, Yun, Jae Sung, Aliwell, Simon, Altermatt, Pietro P., Ameri, Tayebeh, Andrei, Virgil, Armin, Ardalan, Bagnis, Diego, Baker, Jenny, Beath, Hamish, Bellanger, Mathieu, Berrouard, Philippe, Blumberger, Jochen, Boden, Stuart A., Bronstein, Hugo, Carnie, Matthew J., Case, Chris, Castro, Fernando A., Chang, Yi-Ming, Chao, Elmer, Clarke, Tracey M., Cooke, Graeme, Docampo, Pablo, Durose, Ken, Durrant, James R., Filip, Marina R., Friend, Richard H., Frost, Jarvist M., Gibson, Elizabeth A., Gillett, Alexander J., Goddard, Pooja, Habisreutinger, Severin N., Heeney, Martin, Hendsbee, Arthur D., Hirst, Louise C., Islam, M. Saiful, Jayawardena, K. D. G. Imalka, Johnston, Michael B., Kauer, Matthias, Kettle, Jeff, Kim, Ji-Seon, Lamb, Dan, Lidzey, David, Lim, Jihoo, MacKenzie, Roderick, Mason, Nigel, McCulloch, Iain, McKenna, Keith P., Meier, Sebastian B., Meredith, Paul, Morse, Graham, Murphy, John D., Nicklin, Chris, Ortega-Arriaga, Paloma, Osterberg, Thomas, Patel, Jay B., Peaker, Anthony, Riede, Moritz, Rush, Martyn, Ryan, James W., Scanlon, David O., Skabara, Peter J., So, Franky, Snaith, Henry J., Steier, Ludmilla, Thiesbrummel, Jarla, Troisi, Alessandro, Underwood, Craig, Walzer, Karsten, Watson, Trystan, Walls, J. Michael, Walsh, Aron, Whalley, Lucy D., Winchester, Benedict, Stranks, Samuel D., and Hoye, Robert L. Z.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Photovoltaics (PVs) are a critical technology for curbing growing levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, and meeting increases in future demand for low-carbon electricity. In order to fulfil ambitions for net-zero carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2eq) emissions worldwide, the global cumulative capacity of solar PVs must increase by an order of magnitude from 0.9 TWp in 2021 to 8.5 TWp by 2050 according to the International Renewable Energy Agency, which is considered to be a highly conservative estimate. In 2020, the Henry Royce Institute brought together the UK PV community to discuss the critical technological and infrastructure challenges that need to be overcome to address the vast challenges in accelerating PV deployment. Herein, we examine the key developments in the global community, especially the progress made in the field since this earlier roadmap, bringing together experts primarily from the UK across the breadth of the photovoltaics community. The focus is both on the challenges in improving the efficiency, stability and levelized cost of electricity of current technologies for utility-scale PVs, as well as the fundamental questions in novel technologies that can have a significant impact on emerging markets, such as indoor PVs, space PVs, and agrivoltaics. We discuss challenges in advanced metrology and computational tools, as well as the growing synergies between PVs and solar fuels, and offer a perspective on the environmental sustainability of the PV industry. Through this roadmap, we emphasize promising pathways forward in both the short- and long-term, and for communities working on technologies across a range of maturity levels to learn from each other., Comment: 160 pages, 21 figures

Published
2023
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3. Green, Biodegradable, and Flexible Resistive Heaters‐Based Upon a Novel Laser‐Induced Graphene Manufacturing Process.

Author

Morais, Rogério Miranda, Vieira, Douglas Henrique, Ozório, Maiza da Silva, Nogueira, Gabriel Leonardo, Rollo, Andrew, Kettle, Jeff, and Alves, Neri

Subjects
KRAFT paper, RAMAN microscopy, FLEXIBLE electronics, PRODUCT life cycle assessment, SEMICONDUCTOR lasers, CELLULOSE fibers
Abstract

Laser induced graphene (LIG), prepared directly with an in situ synthesis method onto Kraft Paper substrates, is proposed for the manufacture of biodegradable electronic devices. The investigation explores the influence of laser power and scanning speed on the properties of LIG conductive tracks and a sheet resistance of up to 0.25 kΩ sq−1. Raman spectroscopy and microscopy is used to analyse the interfacial properties, in particular the transition of cellulose fibers to carbonized graphene flakes through photothermal pyrolysis, leading to the formation of coral‐like structures. To demonstrate the applicability of the approach, flexible resistive heaters have been manufactured and tests show rapid heating with a homogeneous distribution and a maximum temperature of 145.5 °C. Additionally, an electro‐thermal conversion efficiency (hr+c) of 17.05 mW (°C cm2)−1 is achieved. Finally, a comparative Life Cycle Assessment with FR‐4 based electronics has been undertaken and the environmental impacts are calculated. The impact assessment shows a two magnitude lower impact on the environment for most categories, which suggests the approach is beneficial for the environment at a global production level. The results show that the photothermal pyrolysis of Kraft paper using a laser diode allows for low‐impact devices flexible and green electronics products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Author

Jacobsson, T. Jesper, Hultqvist, Adam, García-Fernández, Alberto, Anand, Aman, Al-Ashouri, Amran, Hagfeldt, Anders, Crovetto, Andrea, Abate, Antonio, Ricciardulli, Antonio Gaetano, Vijayan, Anuja, Kulkarni, Ashish, Anderson, Assaf Y., Darwich, Barbara Primera, Yang, Bowen, Coles, Brendan L., Perini, Carlo A. R., Rehermann, Carolin, Ramirez, Daniel, Fairen-Jimenez, David, Di Girolamo, Diego, Jia, Donglin, Avila, Elena, Juarez-Perez, Emilio J., Baumann, Fanny, Mathies, Florian, González, G. S. Anaya, Boschloo, Gerrit, Nasti, Giuseppe, Paramasivam, Gopinath, Martínez-Denegri, Guillermo, Näsström, Hampus, Michaels, Hannes, Köbler, Hans, Wu, Hua, Benesperi, Iacopo, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Bayrak Pehlivan, Ilknur, Gould, Isaac E., Vagott, Jacob N., Dagar, Janardan, Kettle, Jeff, Yang, Jie, Li, Jinzhao, Smith, Joel A., Pascual, Jorge, Jerónimo-Rendón, Jose J., Montoya, Juan Felipe, Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo, Qiu, Junming, Wang, Junxin, Sveinbjörnsson, Kári, Hirselandt, Katrin, Dey, Krishanu, Frohna, Kyle, Mathies, Lena, Castriotta, Luigi A., Aldamasy, Mahmoud. H., Vasquez-Montoya, Manuel, Ruiz-Preciado, Marco A., Flatken, Marion A., Khenkin, Mark V., Grischek, Max, Kedia, Mayank, Saliba, Michael, Anaya, Miguel, Veldhoen, Misha, Arora, Neha, Shargaieva, Oleksandra, Maus, Oliver, Game, Onkar S., Yudilevich, Ori, Fassl, Paul, Zhou, Qisen, Betancur, Rafael, Munir, Rahim, Patidar, Rahul, Stranks, Samuel D., Alam, Shahidul, Kar, Shaoni, Unold, Thomas, Abzieher, Tobias, Edvinsson, Tomas, David, Tudur Wyn, Paetzold, Ulrich W., Zia, Waqas, Fu, Weifei, Zuo, Weiwei, Schröder, Vincent R. F., Tress, Wolfgang, Zhang, Xiaoliang, Chiang, Yu-Hsien, Iqbal, Zafar, Xie, Zhiqiang, and Unger, Eva

Published
2022
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5. Bias and Temperature Stress Effects in IGZO TFTs and the Application of Step-Stress Testing to Increase Reliability Test Throughput

Author

Mohammadian, Navid, Kumar, Dinesh, Fugikawa-Santos, Lucas, Leonardo Nogueira, Gabriel, Zhang, Shouzhou, Alves, Neri, Ballantine, David, and Kettle, Jeff

Abstract

Indium-gallium–zinc-oxide thin-film transistors (IGZO TFTs) are widely used in numerous applications including displays and are emerging as a promising alternative for flexible IC production due to their high transparency, superior field-effect mobility, and low-temperature processability. However, their stability under different voltage stresses remains a concern, primarily due to carrier trapping in the gate dielectric and point defect creation. This study involves the fabrication of IGZO TFTs and their subsequent bias stress testing in linear and saturation regions. The impact of a passivation layer on top of the active channel is investigated to mitigate bias stress susceptibility. The passivated thin-film transistors (TFTs) exhibit reduced bias stress susceptance, with $\Delta {V}_{T}$ only moderately affected by the positive gate-bias stress (PGBS). This suggests that fewer electrons are being trapped at the interface between the dielectric/semiconductor. Conventional bias stress testing methods for TFTs are time-consuming and depend on air-stable devices. To address this, we introduce a “voltage step-stress” (VSS) approach. This method offers an accelerated way to conduct bias stress measurements without compromising test accuracy, reducing testing time by 8 hours (a 45% relative reduction).

Published
2024
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10. Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures

Author

Khenkin, Mark V., Katz, Eugene A., Abate, Antonio, Bardizza, Giorgio, Berry, Joseph J., Brabec, Christoph, Brunetti, Francesca, Bulović, Vladimir, Burlingame, Quinn, Di Carlo, Aldo, Cheacharoen, Rongrong, Cheng, Yi-Bing, Colsmann, Alexander, Cros, Stephane, Domanski, Konrad, Dusza, Michał, Fell, Christopher J., Forrest, Stephen R., Galagan, Yulia, Di Girolamo, Diego, Grätzel, Michael, Hagfeldt, Anders, von Hauff, Elizabeth, Hoppe, Harald, Kettle, Jeff, Köbler, Hans, Leite, Marina S., Liu, Shengzhong (Frank), Loo, Yueh-Lin, Luther, Joseph M., Ma, Chang-Qi, Madsen, Morten, Manceau, Matthieu, Matheron, Muriel, McGehee, Michael, Meitzner, Rico, Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja, Nogueira, Ana Flavia, Odabaşı, Çağla, Osherov, Anna, Park, Nam-Gyu, Reese, Matthew O., De Rossi, Francesca, Saliba, Michael, Schubert, Ulrich S., Snaith, Henry J., Stranks, Samuel D., Tress, Wolfgang, Troshin, Pavel A., Turkovic, Vida, Veenstra, Sjoerd, Visoly-Fisher, Iris, Walsh, Aron, Watson, Trystan, Xie, Haibing, Yıldırım, Ramazan, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Zhu, Kai, and Lira-Cantu, Monica

Published
2020
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15. Application of large datasets to assess trends in the stability of perovskite photovoltaics through machine learning.

Author

Alsulami, Bashayer Nafe N., David, Tudur Wyn, Essien, A., Kazim, Samrana, Ahmad, Shahzada, Jacobsson, T. Jesper, Feeney, Andrew, and Kettle, Jeff

Abstract

Current trends in manufacturing indicate that optimised decision making using new state-of-the-art machine learning (ML) technologies will be used. ML is a versatile technique that rapidly and accurately generates new insights from multifactorial data. The ML approach has been applied to a perovskite solar cell (PSC) database to elucidate trends in stability and forecast the stability of new configurations. A database consisting of 6038 entries of device characteristics, performance, and stability data was utilised, and a sequential minimal optimisation regression (SMOreg) model was employed to determine the most influential factors governing solar cell stability. When considering sub-sections of data, it was found that pin-device architectures provided the best model fittings with a training correlation efficiency of 0.963, compared to 0.699 for all device architectures. By establishing models for each PSC architecture, the analysis allows the identification of materials that can lead to improvements in stability. This paper also attempts to summarise some key challenges and trends in the current research methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Next-Generation IoT Devices: Sustainable Eco-Friendly Manufacturing, Energy Harvesting, and Wireless Connectivity

Author

Rahmani, Hamed, primary, Shetty, Darshan, additional, Wagih, Mahmoud, additional, Ghasempour, Yasaman, additional, Palazzi, Valentina, additional, Carvalho, Nuno B., additional, Correia, Ricardo, additional, Costanzo, Alessandra, additional, Vital, Dieff, additional, Alimenti, Federico, additional, Kettle, Jeff, additional, Masotti, Diego, additional, Mezzanotte, Paolo, additional, Roselli, Luca, additional, and Grosinger, Jasmin, additional

Published
2023
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25. Review of technology specific degradation in crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: Understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies

Author

Kettle, Jeff, primary, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, additional, Ahmad, Shahzada, additional, Fairbrother, Andrew, additional, Irvine, Stuart, additional, Jacobsson, Jesper J., additional, Kazim, Samrana, additional, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, additional, Lamb, Dan, additional, Lobato, Killian, additional, Mousdis, Georgios A., additional, Oreski, Gernot, additional, Reinders, Angele, additional, Schmitz, Jurriaan, additional, Yilmaz, Pelin, additional, and Theelen, Mirjam J., additional

Published
2022
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26. Review of technology-specific degradation in c-Si, CdTe, CIGS, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: Understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies

Author

Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, Georgios, Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, Theelen, Mirjam, Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, Georgios, Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, and Theelen, Mirjam

Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of failure modes of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is key to extending their operational lifetime in the field. In this review, first, specific failure modes associated with mature PV technologies, such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are framed by sources of specific failure modes, their development from the early-developmental stages onwards and their impact upon long-term performance of PV modules. These failure modes are sorted by both PV technology and location of occurrence in PV modules, such as substrate, encapsulant, front and rear electrode, absorber and Interlayers. The second part of the review is focused on emerging PV technologies, such as perovskites solar cells, dye sensitised and organic PVs, where due to their low to medium technology readiness levels, specific long-term degradation mechanisms have not fully emerged and most mechanisms are only partially understood. However, an in-depth summary of the known stability challenges associated with each emerging PV technology is presented. Finally, in this paper, lessons learned from mature PV technologies are reviewed and considerations are given in to how these might be applied to the further development of emerging technologies. Namely, any emerging PV technology must eventually pass industry-standard qualification tests, while warranties for the life time of modern c-Si-based modules might be extended beyond the existing limit of 20 to 25 years.

Published
2022
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27. An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Author

Jacobsson, Jesper, Hultqvist, Adam, Garcia-Fernandez, Alberto, Anand, Aman, Al-Ashouri, Amran, Hagfeldt, Anders, Crovetto, Andrea, Abate, Antonio, Ricciardulli, Antonio Gaetano, Vijayan, Anuja, Kulkarni, Ashish, Anderson, Assaf Y., Darwich, Barbara Primera, Yang, Bowen, Coles, Brendan L., Perini, Carlo A. R., Rehermann, Carolin, Ramirez, Daniel, Fairen-Jimenez, David, Di Girolamo, Diego, Jia, Donglin, Avila, Elena, Juarez-Perez, Emilio J., Baumann, Fanny, Mathies, Florian, Gonzalez, G. S. Anaya, Boschloo, Gerrit, Nasti, Giuseppe, Paramasivam, Gopinath, Martinez-Denegri, Guillermo, Nasstrom, Hampus, Michaels, Hannes, Kobler, Hans, Wu, Hua, Benesperi, Iacopo, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Bayrak Pehlivan, Ilknur, Gould, Isaac E., Vagott, Jacob N., Dagar, Janardan, Kettle, Jeff, Yang, Jie, Li, Jinzhao, Smith, Joel A., Pascual, Jorge, Jeronimo-Rendon, Jose J., Montoya, Juan Felipe, Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo, Qiu, Junming, Wang, JunXin, Sveinbjornsson, Kari, Hirselandt, Katrin, Dey, Krishanu, Frohna, Kyle, Mathies, Lena, Castriotta, Luigi A., Aldamasy, Mahmoud H., Vasquez-Montoya, Manuel, Ruiz-Preciado, Marco A., Flatken, Marion A., Khenkin, Mark, V, Grischek, Max, Kedia, Mayank, Saliba, Michael, Anaya, Miguel, Veldhoen, Misha, Arora, Neha, Shargaieva, Oleksandra, Maus, Oliver, Game, Onkar S., Yudilevich, Ori, Fassl, Paul, Zhou, Qisen, Betancur, Rafael, Munir, Rahim, Patidar, Rahul, Stranks, Samuel D., Alam, Shahidul, Kar, Shaoni, Unold, Thomas, Abzieher, Tobias, Edvinsson, Tomas, David, Tudur Wyn, Paetzold, Ulrich W., Zia, Waqas, Fu, Weifei, Zuo, Weiwei, Schroeder, Vincent R. F., Tress, Wolfgang, Zhang, Xiaoliang, Chiang, Yu-Hsien, Iqbal, Zafar, Xie, Zhiqiang, Unger, Eva, Jacobsson, Jesper, Hultqvist, Adam, Garcia-Fernandez, Alberto, Anand, Aman, Al-Ashouri, Amran, Hagfeldt, Anders, Crovetto, Andrea, Abate, Antonio, Ricciardulli, Antonio Gaetano, Vijayan, Anuja, Kulkarni, Ashish, Anderson, Assaf Y., Darwich, Barbara Primera, Yang, Bowen, Coles, Brendan L., Perini, Carlo A. R., Rehermann, Carolin, Ramirez, Daniel, Fairen-Jimenez, David, Di Girolamo, Diego, Jia, Donglin, Avila, Elena, Juarez-Perez, Emilio J., Baumann, Fanny, Mathies, Florian, Gonzalez, G. S. Anaya, Boschloo, Gerrit, Nasti, Giuseppe, Paramasivam, Gopinath, Martinez-Denegri, Guillermo, Nasstrom, Hampus, Michaels, Hannes, Kobler, Hans, Wu, Hua, Benesperi, Iacopo, Dar, M. Ibrahim, Bayrak Pehlivan, Ilknur, Gould, Isaac E., Vagott, Jacob N., Dagar, Janardan, Kettle, Jeff, Yang, Jie, Li, Jinzhao, Smith, Joel A., Pascual, Jorge, Jeronimo-Rendon, Jose J., Montoya, Juan Felipe, Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo, Qiu, Junming, Wang, JunXin, Sveinbjornsson, Kari, Hirselandt, Katrin, Dey, Krishanu, Frohna, Kyle, Mathies, Lena, Castriotta, Luigi A., Aldamasy, Mahmoud H., Vasquez-Montoya, Manuel, Ruiz-Preciado, Marco A., Flatken, Marion A., Khenkin, Mark, V, Grischek, Max, Kedia, Mayank, Saliba, Michael, Anaya, Miguel, Veldhoen, Misha, Arora, Neha, Shargaieva, Oleksandra, Maus, Oliver, Game, Onkar S., Yudilevich, Ori, Fassl, Paul, Zhou, Qisen, Betancur, Rafael, Munir, Rahim, Patidar, Rahul, Stranks, Samuel D., Alam, Shahidul, Kar, Shaoni, Unold, Thomas, Abzieher, Tobias, Edvinsson, Tomas, David, Tudur Wyn, Paetzold, Ulrich W., Zia, Waqas, Fu, Weifei, Zuo, Weiwei, Schroeder, Vincent R. F., Tress, Wolfgang, Zhang, Xiaoliang, Chiang, Yu-Hsien, Iqbal, Zafar, Xie, Zhiqiang, and Unger, Eva

Abstract

Making large datasets findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable could accelerate technology development. Now, Jacobsson et al. present an approach to build an open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells. Large datasets are now ubiquitous as technology enables higher-throughput experiments, but rarely can a research field truly benefit from the research data generated due to inconsistent formatting, undocumented storage or improper dissemination. Here we extract all the meaningful device data from peer-reviewed papers on metal-halide perovskite solar cells published so far and make them available in a database. We collect data from over 42,400 photovoltaic devices with up to 100 parameters per device. We then develop open-source and accessible procedures to analyse the data, providing examples of insights that can be gleaned from the analysis of a large dataset. The database, graphics and analysis tools are made available to the community and will continue to evolve as an open-source initiative. This approach of extensively capturing the progress of an entire field, including sorting, interactive exploration and graphical representation of the data, will be applicable to many fields in materials science, engineering and biosciences.

Published
2022
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28. Review of technology specific degradation in crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, dye sensitised, organic and perovskite solar cells in photovoltaic modules: Understanding how reliability improvements in mature technologies can enhance emerging technologies

Author

Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, G.E.O.R.G.I.O.S., Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, Theelen, Mirjam, Kettle, Jeff, Aghaei, Mohammadreza, Ahmad, Shahzada, Fairbrother, Andrew, Irvine, Stuart, Jacobsson, Jesper, Kazim, Samrana, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Lamb, Dan, Lobato, Killian, Mousdis, G.E.O.R.G.I.O.S., Oreski, Gernot, Reinders, Angele, Schmitz, Jurriaan, Yilmaz, Pelin, and Theelen, Mirjam

Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of failure modes of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules is key to extending their operational lifetime in the field. In this review, first, specific failure modes associated with mature PV technologies, such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and cadmium telluride (CdTe), are framed by sources of specific failure modes, their development from the early-developmental stages onwards and their impact upon long term performance of PV modules. These failure modes are sorted by both PV technology and location of occurrence in PV modules, such as substrate, encapsulant, front and rear electrode, absorber and interlayers. The second part of the review is focused on emerging PV technologies, such as perovskites solar cells, dye sensitised and organic PVs, where due to their low to medium technology readiness levels, specific long-term degradation mechanisms have not fully emerged, and most mechanisms are only partially understood. However, an in-depth summary of the known stability challenges associated with each emerging PV technology is presented. Finally, in this paper, lessons learned from mature PV technologies are reviewed, and considerations are given in to how these might be applied to the further development of emerging technologies. Namely, any emerging PV technology must eventually pass industry-standard qualification tests, while warranties for the lifetime of modern c-Si-based modules might be extended beyond the existing warranted life of 25 years.

Published
2022

34. An open-access database and analysis tool for perovskite solar cells based on the FAIR data principles

Author

Jacobsson, T. Jesper, primary, Hultqvist, Adam, additional, García-Fernández, Alberto, additional, Anand, Aman, additional, Al-Ashouri, Amran, additional, Hagfeldt, Anders, additional, Crovetto, Andrea, additional, Abate, Antonio, additional, Ricciardulli, Antonio Gaetano, additional, Vijayan, Anuja, additional, Kulkarni, Ashish, additional, Anderson, Assaf Y., additional, Darwich, Barbara Primera, additional, Yang, Bowen, additional, Coles, Brendan L., additional, Perini, Carlo A. R., additional, Rehermann, Carolin, additional, Ramirez, Daniel, additional, Fairen-Jimenez, David, additional, Di Girolamo, Diego, additional, Jia, Donglin, additional, Avila, Elena, additional, Juarez-Perez, Emilio J., additional, Baumann, Fanny, additional, Mathies, Florian, additional, González, G. S. Anaya, additional, Boschloo, Gerrit, additional, Nasti, Giuseppe, additional, Paramasivam, Gopinath, additional, Martínez-Denegri, Guillermo, additional, Näsström, Hampus, additional, Michaels, Hannes, additional, Köbler, Hans, additional, Wu, Hua, additional, Benesperi, Iacopo, additional, Dar, M. Ibrahim, additional, Bayrak Pehlivan, Ilknur, additional, Gould, Isaac E., additional, Vagott, Jacob N., additional, Dagar, Janardan, additional, Kettle, Jeff, additional, Yang, Jie, additional, Li, Jinzhao, additional, Smith, Joel A., additional, Pascual, Jorge, additional, Jerónimo-Rendón, Jose J., additional, Montoya, Juan Felipe, additional, Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo, additional, Qiu, Junming, additional, Wang, Junxin, additional, Sveinbjörnsson, Kári, additional, Hirselandt, Katrin, additional, Dey, Krishanu, additional, Frohna, Kyle, additional, Mathies, Lena, additional, Castriotta, Luigi A., additional, Aldamasy, Mahmoud. H., additional, Vasquez-Montoya, Manuel, additional, Ruiz-Preciado, Marco A., additional, Flatken, Marion A., additional, Khenkin, Mark V., additional, Grischek, Max, additional, Kedia, Mayank, additional, Saliba, Michael, additional, Anaya, Miguel, additional, Veldhoen, Misha, additional, Arora, Neha, additional, Shargaieva, Oleksandra, additional, Maus, Oliver, additional, Game, Onkar S., additional, Yudilevich, Ori, additional, Fassl, Paul, additional, Zhou, Qisen, additional, Betancur, Rafael, additional, Munir, Rahim, additional, Patidar, Rahul, additional, Stranks, Samuel D., additional, Alam, Shahidul, additional, Kar, Shaoni, additional, Unold, Thomas, additional, Abzieher, Tobias, additional, Edvinsson, Tomas, additional, David, Tudur Wyn, additional, Paetzold, Ulrich W., additional, Zia, Waqas, additional, Fu, Weifei, additional, Zuo, Weiwei, additional, Schröder, Vincent R. F., additional, Tress, Wolfgang, additional, Zhang, Xiaoliang, additional, Chiang, Yu-Hsien, additional, Iqbal, Zafar, additional, Xie, Zhiqiang, additional, and Unger, Eva, additional

Published
2021
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39. Optimization of a continuous hot embossing process for fabrication of micropyramid structures in thermoplastic sheets

Author

Haponow, Luke, Kettle, Jeff, and Allsop, John

Abstract

Reported is the manufacture and optimization of inverted micropyramid cavity structures into thermoplastic sheets using roll-to-roll (R2R) embossing. To manufacture the master, an ultraprecision diamond machining method was applied to create seamless surface structures into a copper-coated hot embossing roller. Using the hot embossing process, the roller features were successfully transferred to 2 mm thick polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sheets. Optimization of the R2R control process variables was conducted using Taguchi's numerical methods, which showed the importance of the roller temperature for a successful pattern transfer. The work presents a novel fabrication technique that allows microstructures to be manufactured into thick PMMA sheets in a continuous process.

Published
2021

40. Outdoor performance of organic photovoltaics at two different locations: a comparison of degradation and the effect of condensation

Author

Soares, G.A., David, T.W., Anizelli, H., Miranda, B., Rodrigues, J., Lopes, P., Martins, J., Cunha, T., Vilaça, R., Kettle, Jeff, and Bagnis, D.

Abstract

Tests on organic photovoltaics (OPV) mini modules, fabricated through a R2R process, in air and without hazardous solvents have been conducted in order to compare their outdoor performance, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, and Bangor, North Wales, and assess the impact of the latitude and climate of the installation on the power generation and modules' lifetime. The test showed different profiles of degradation for each region and formulation, with a surprisingly faster degradation in Bangor. One of the possible sources of the increased degradation is the greater levels of condensation observed in Bangor. To verify the impact of condensation on the module stability, indoor tests have been conducted to relate the dew point depression to module degradation times. The results show that condensation is a significant stress factor in OPV and should be considered more prominently in reliability studies.

Published
2020

41. Electrical Characterisation of β-Ga2O3 Schottky Diode for Deep UV Sensor Applications

Author

Vieira, Douglas H., Badiei, Nafiseh, Evans, Jonathan E., Alves, Neri, Kettle, Jeff, and Li, Lijie

Abstract

β-Ga 2 O 3 is a promising semiconductor for electronic devices. In the present work we have demonstrated a novel method for manufacturing a β-Ga 2 O 3 Schottky diode, in which the same electrode material is used for both contacts. The device is tested it for its applicability in deep UV sensing. Devices were manufactured directly onto β-Ga 2 O 3 (010) wafer material. From the perspective of diode performance, a high rectification ratio of 1.5x10 7 and high forward current of 17.58 mA/cm 2 at −5 V bias was obtained. A responsivity of 12.5 mA/W was recorded when irradiated with light possessing a wavelength of 254 nm. Importantly, detailed analysis is conducted in order to evaluate the performance of the Schottky diode using Cheung’s and Norde’s methods allowing for accurate calculation of the Schottky barrier height in this device.

Published
2020

42. Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures

Author

United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation, European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Welsh Government, Russian Science Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and Technology (South Korea), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Khenkin, Mark V., Katz, Eugene A., Abate, Antonio, Bardizza, Giorgio, Berry, Joseph J., Brabec, Christoph, Brunetti, Francesca, Bulović, Vladimir, Burlingame, Quinn, Di Carlo, Aldo, Cheacharoen, Rongrong, Cheng, Yi-Bing, Colsmann, Alexander, Cros, Stephane, Domanski, Konrad, Dusza, Michal, Fell, Christopher J., Forrest, Stephen R., Galagan, Yulia, di Girolamo, Diego, Grätzel, Michael, Hagfeldt, Anders, Hauff, Elizabeth von, Hoppe, Harald, Kettle, Jeff, Köbler, Hans, Leite, Marina S., Liu, Shengzhong, Loo, Yueh-Lin, Luther, Joseph M., Ma, Chang-Qi, Madsen, Morten, Manceau, Matthieu, Matheron, Muriel, McGehee, Michael, Meitzner, Rico, Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja, Nogueira, Ana Flavia, Odabaşi, Çağla, Osherov, Anna, Park, Nam-Gyu, Reese, Matthew O., Rossi, Francesca de, Saliba, Michael, Schubert, Ulrich S., Snaith, Henry J., Stranks, Samuel D., Tress, Wolfgang, Troshin, Pavel, Turkovic, Vida, Veenstra, Sjoerd, Visoly-Fisher, Iris, Walsh, Aron, Watson, Trystan, Xie, Haibing, Yıldırım, Yamazan, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Zhu, Kai, Lira-Cantú, Mónica, United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation, European Commission, National Science Foundation (US), Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Welsh Government, Russian Science Foundation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and Technology (South Korea), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Khenkin, Mark V., Katz, Eugene A., Abate, Antonio, Bardizza, Giorgio, Berry, Joseph J., Brabec, Christoph, Brunetti, Francesca, Bulović, Vladimir, Burlingame, Quinn, Di Carlo, Aldo, Cheacharoen, Rongrong, Cheng, Yi-Bing, Colsmann, Alexander, Cros, Stephane, Domanski, Konrad, Dusza, Michal, Fell, Christopher J., Forrest, Stephen R., Galagan, Yulia, di Girolamo, Diego, Grätzel, Michael, Hagfeldt, Anders, Hauff, Elizabeth von, Hoppe, Harald, Kettle, Jeff, Köbler, Hans, Leite, Marina S., Liu, Shengzhong, Loo, Yueh-Lin, Luther, Joseph M., Ma, Chang-Qi, Madsen, Morten, Manceau, Matthieu, Matheron, Muriel, McGehee, Michael, Meitzner, Rico, Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja, Nogueira, Ana Flavia, Odabaşi, Çağla, Osherov, Anna, Park, Nam-Gyu, Reese, Matthew O., Rossi, Francesca de, Saliba, Michael, Schubert, Ulrich S., Snaith, Henry J., Stranks, Samuel D., Tress, Wolfgang, Troshin, Pavel, Turkovic, Vida, Veenstra, Sjoerd, Visoly-Fisher, Iris, Walsh, Aron, Watson, Trystan, Xie, Haibing, Yıldırım, Yamazan, Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed, Zhu, Kai, and Lira-Cantú, Mónica

Abstract

Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is critical to the deployment of this technology. Despite the great emphasis laid on stability-related investigations, publications lack consistency in experimental procedures and parameters reported. It is therefore challenging to reproduce and compare results and thereby develop a deep understanding of degradation mechanisms. Here, we report a consensus between researchers in the field on procedures for testing perovskite solar cell stability, which are based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS) protocols. We propose additional procedures to account for properties specific to PSCs such as ion redistribution under electric fields, reversible degradation and to distinguish ambient-induced degradation from other stress factors. These protocols are not intended as a replacement of the existing qualification standards, but rather they aim to unify the stability assessment and to understand failure modes. Finally, we identify key procedural information which we suggest reporting in publications to improve reproducibility and enable large data set analysis.

Published
2020

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