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Outdoor crime scene management is difficult to accomplish,especially when the crime transpired in a big area, uneven space, or an area with a lack of reference points. It is important to visualize the location of the evidence to get an idea of how the crime took place and in what manner. In this research, two simulated outdoor crime scenes were created, where both manual tape measurement and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) unit were applied to see if the differential GPS offers an accurate and reliable alternative for mapping the scene over the baseline method. A eographic Information System(GIS) was used to derive a map of the simulated outdoor scenes. The result indicates that the DGPS unit provides a consistent reading when compared to manual tape measurement, giving an average reading difference of 0.06 cm and 0.13 cm. The study concluded that the DGPS unit can be a viable alternative for mapping outdoor crime scenes.

In the present study, DNA samples of 202 unrelated male individuals of Gurjar population were evaluated for the molecular diversity at 23 Y chromosomal Y-STR markers. Out of selected individuals, results showed 143 unique haplotypes. Highest degree of gene diversity (GD), polymorphic information content (PIC), and power of discrimination (PD) was observed as 0.7941, 0.7590, and 0.7902, respectively, for the locus DYS385a/b. Haplotype diversity (HD), gene diversity (GD), polymorphic information content (PIC), and power of discrimination (PD) was found to be 0.7079, 0.999999999989, 0.9999999996, and 0.999999999986, respectively, for the studied 23 Y-STR markers. Allele 11 of locus DYS392 was found to be the most frequent allele with the frequency of 0.762. In inter-population relationship, studied population showed genetic relatedness with the population of Jammu and Kashmir, India, and Ladakh, India. The haplotype data of the present study will not only enrich the existing Indian Y-STR data but will also be useful for forensic DNA application., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Here we report the genomic history of Gurjars and framed the useful set of autosomal STRs for Gujjar population. We designed this study with a total number of 215 Gurjars from district Saharanpur (previously known as Gujarat due to presence of many Gujjar zamindars), Moradabad, Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Meerut, Noida and NCR Delhi. Locus SE33 was found the most polymorphic and discriminating marker for Gujjar population while locus TPOX is the least. Ancestral information of Gurjars was revealed by comparing the Gujjar's population data with 19 neighbouring populations. In Neighbor Joining (NJ) tree Gurjars were found closer to Gujjars of Jammu region, population of Rajasthan and Uttarkhand, due to the same stock of gene pool., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)